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Food Chemistry: X Oct 2023Phytic acid and glutathione can inhibit polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity and suppress browning. This study investigated the effects of phytic acid alone (Treatment-1) or...
Phytic acid and glutathione can inhibit polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity and suppress browning. This study investigated the effects of phytic acid alone (Treatment-1) or combined with glutathione (Treatment-2) on inhibiting browning and oxidation resistance of King Oyster mushroom ) slices during drying and storage. In King Oyster mushroom slices, 0.08% phytic acid combined with 0.1% glutathione inhibited the PPO activity by 97.6%, suppressed browning by 78.09% after 6 h of drying at 60 °C and inhibited browning by 69.93% and oxidation by 78.75% after 12 months of storage at ∼ 20 °C. Results indicated that using phytic acid combined with glutathione may inhibit browning and suppress the oxidation of King Oyster mushroom slices during drying and storage.
PubMed: 37780263
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100874 -
Australian Endodontic Journal : the... Sep 2023Successful root canal treatment requires effective irrigation of the entire root canal system. While chelating agents support irrigation, they can also alter...
Successful root canal treatment requires effective irrigation of the entire root canal system. While chelating agents support irrigation, they can also alter physicochemical properties of the root dentin structure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different chelation agents on root dentin roughness. Twenty-five extracted maxillary incisors were used in this study. Samples were separated longitudinally and divided into five groups: distilled water, NaOCl, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), phytic acid and citric acid (CA). Atomic force microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses were used for analysing. One-way analysis of variance and Turkey tests were used in the statistical analysis of the study. EDTA, CA and phytic acid solutions increased the roughness and phytic acid and CA solutions decreased the Ca/P ratio in dentin tissue. No statistical difference was observed in the other groups. The decrease of Ca/P ratio should be taken under consideration during irrigation. The increase in surface roughness may provide clinical benefit by supporting the adhesion of the root canal filling materials to the dentin surface.
Topics: Edetic Acid; Phytic Acid; Sodium Hypochlorite; Dentin; Chelating Agents; Dental Pulp Cavity; Citric Acid; Root Canal Irrigants
PubMed: 36116094
DOI: 10.1111/aej.12691 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Oct 2023Hyaluronic acid can modify porous starch through cross-linking and hydrogen bonding, effectively achieving a paclitaxel entrapment efficiency of ∼92 % and drug...
Hyaluronic acid can modify porous starch through cross-linking and hydrogen bonding, effectively achieving a paclitaxel entrapment efficiency of ∼92 % and drug loading of ∼23 %. In this study, the pores and intergranular gaps of porous starch were filled with paclitaxel under solvent volatilization, and the enrichment process and its characteristics were recorded using a microscope. The paclitaxel-loaded particles were coated with chitosan-phytic acid to target the colon. In vivo imaging in mice showed that the capsule released paclitaxel in the colon rather than in the upper digestive tract, and the paclitaxel distribution in the main organs at 24 h was significantly lower than that of raw paclitaxel. Hyaluronic acid-modified porous starch can target cancer cells. Cell internalization of paclitaxel mediated by hyaluronic acid was approximately 1.97 times that of raw paclitaxel, higher than that of receptor-shielded cells and cells incubated with unmodified carriers, as evidenced by the accumulation of fluorescent paclitaxel in the nucleus and marked cell apoptosis. The hyaluronic acid-modified porous starch system is an effective method for the high-load and targeted release of hydrophobic anticancer drugs.
Topics: Mice; Paclitaxel; Hyaluronic Acid; Porosity; Colon; Starch; Animals
PubMed: 37479457
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121126 -
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry Oct 2023Phosphorous actively participates in numerous metabolic and regulatory activities of almost all living organisms including animals and humans. Therefore, it is... (Review)
Review
Phosphorous actively participates in numerous metabolic and regulatory activities of almost all living organisms including animals and humans. Therefore, it is considered as an essential macronutrient required supporting their proper growth. On contrary, phytic acid (PA), an antinutritional substance, is widely known for its strong affinity to chelate essential mineral ions including PO , Ca , Fe , Mg , and Zn . Being one the major reservoir of PO ions, PA has great potential to bind PO ions in diverse range of foods. Once combined with P, PA transforms into an undigested and insoluble complex namely phytate. Produced phytate leads to a notable reduction in the bioavailability of P due to negligible activity of phytases in monogastric animals and humans. This highlights the importance and consequent need of enhancement of phytase level in these life forms. Interestingly, phytases, catalyzing the breakdown of phytate complex and recycling the phosphate into ecosystem to its available form, have naturally been reported in a variety of plants and microorganisms over past few decades. In pursuit of a reliable solution, the focus of this review is to explore the keynote potential of bacterial phytases for sustainable management of phosphorous via efficient utilization of soil phytate. The core of the review covers detailed discussion on bacterial phytases along with their widely reported applications viz. biofertilizers, phosphorus acquisition, and plant growth promotion. Moreover, meticulous description on fermentation-based strategies and future trends on bacterial phytases have also been included.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Phytic Acid; 6-Phytase; Ecosystem; Phosphorus; Phosphates
PubMed: 37042496
DOI: 10.1002/bab.2466 -
Materials Horizons Aug 2023In recent years, flexible strain sensors have attracted increasing interest, and accurate sensing and comfortable wearables are highly demanded. However, current...
Highly adhesive chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels the synergy of phytic acid and boric acid and their application as highly sensitive and widely linear strain sensors.
In recent years, flexible strain sensors have attracted increasing interest, and accurate sensing and comfortable wearables are highly demanded. However, current flexible strain sensors fail to have wide linearity and high sensitivity simultaneously, and their adhesion is insufficient for convenient wear and precise motion monitoring. Herein, chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels with phytic acid (PA) and boric acid (BA) as crosslinkers (CS/PVA-PA-BA hydrogels) were fabricated. The synergy of phytic acid and boric acid not only improved the mechanical properties of the obtained hydrogels (1070% of fracture strain and 0.83 MPa of fracture stress), but also provided them with outstandingly strong adhesion. Their adhesive strength was up to 527 kPa for a variety of materials, including glass, silica rubber, steel, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and skin. In addition, the hydrogel-based strain sensor demonstrated high sensitivity (gauge factor = 4.61), a wide linear strain range (up to 1000%, = 0.996), fast response time (90 ms), and good stability. A flexible strain sensor with such high sensitivity and wide linear range simultaneously, to the best of our knowledge, has never been reported before. The development of CS/PVA-PA-BA hydrogels is expected to inspire a novel method for high-adhesive and high-sensing-performance wearable electronics.
PubMed: 37249353
DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00739a -
Biochemical Pharmacology Apr 2024Diabetes-related hyperglycemia inhibits bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) function, thereby disrupting osteoblast capacity and bone regeneration. Dietary...
Diabetes-related hyperglycemia inhibits bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) function, thereby disrupting osteoblast capacity and bone regeneration. Dietary supplementation with phytic acid (PA), a natural inositol phosphate, has shown promise in preventing osteoporosis and diabetes-related complications. Emerging evidence has suggested that circular (circ)RNAs implicate in the regulation of bone diseases, but their specific regulatory roles in BMSC osteogenesis in hyperglycemic environments remain elucidated. In this study, in virto experiments demonstrated that PA treatment effectively improved the osteogenic capability of high glucose-mediated BMSCs. Differentially expressed circRNAs in PA-induced BMSCs were identified using circRNA microarray analysis. Here, our findings highlight an upregulation of circEIF4B expression in BMSCs stimulated with PA under a high-glucose microenvironment. Further investigations demonstrated that circEIF4B overexpression promoted high glucose-mediated BMSC osteogenesis. In contrast, circEIF4B knockdown exerted the opposite effect. Mechanistically, circEIF4B sequestered microRNA miR-186-5p and triggered osteogenesis enhancement in BMSCs by targeting FOXO1 directly. Furthermore, circEIF4B inhibited the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of IGF2BP3, thereby stabilizing ITGA5 mRNA and promoting BMSC osteogenic differentiation. In vivo experiments, circEIF4B inhibition attenuated the effectiveness of PA treatment in diabetic rats with cranial defects. Collectively, our study identifies PA as a novel positive regulator of BMSC osteogenic differentiation through the circEIF4B/miR-186-5p/FOXO1 and circEIF4B/IGF2BP3/ITGA5 axes, which offers a new strategy for treating high glucose-mediatedBMSCosteogenic dysfunction and delayed bone regeneration in diabetes.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Osteogenesis; MicroRNAs; Phytic Acid; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Cell Differentiation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Glucose; Bone Marrow Cells; Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 38467376
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116118 -
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Mar 2024Phytic acid (PA) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that are critical for neuroprotection in neuronal disorders. This raises the...
Phytic Acid Maintains Peripheral Neuron Integrity and Enhances Survivability against Platinum-Induced Degeneration via Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Enhancing Mitochondrial Membrane Potential.
Phytic acid (PA) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that are critical for neuroprotection in neuronal disorders. This raises the question of whether PA can effectively protect sensory neurons against chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy treatment often characterized by severe and abnormal pain in hands and feet resulting from peripheral nerve degeneration. Currently, there are no effective treatments available that can prevent or cure peripheral neuropathies other than symptomatic management. Herein, we aim to demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of PA against the neurodegeneration induced by the chemotherapeutics cisplatin (CDDP) and oxaliplatin. Further aims of this study are to provide the proposed mechanism of PA-mediated neuroprotection. The neuronal protection and survivability against CDDP were characterized by axon length measurements and cell body counting of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. A cellular phenotype study was conducted microscopically. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated by fluorogenic probe dichlorofluorescein. Likewise, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed by fluorescent MitoTracker Orange CMTMRos. Similarly, the mitochondria-localized superoxide anion radical in response to CDDP with and without PA was evaluated. The culture of primary DRG neurons with CDDP reduced axon length and overall neuronal survival. However, cotreatment with PA demonstrated that axons were completely protected and showed increased stability up to the 45-day test duration, which is comparable to samples treated with PA alone and control. Notably, PA treatment scavenged the mitochondria-specific superoxide radicals and overall intracellular ROS that were largely induced by CDDP and simultaneously restored MMP. These results are credited to the underlying neuroprotection of PA in a platinum-treated condition. The results also exhibited that PA had a synergistic anticancer effect with CDDP in ovarian cancer in vitro models. For the first time, PA's potency against CDDP-induced PN is demonstrated systematically. The overall findings of this study suggest the application of PA in CIPN prevention and therapeutic purposes.
Topics: Humans; Antineoplastic Agents; Cisplatin; Ganglia, Spinal; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Phytic Acid; Platinum; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sensory Receptor Cells
PubMed: 38445956
DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00739 -
Chemosphere Jun 2024Cellulosic substrates, including wood and thatch, have become icons for sustainable architecture and construction, however, they suffer from high flammability because of...
Cellulosic substrates, including wood and thatch, have become icons for sustainable architecture and construction, however, they suffer from high flammability because of their inherent cellulosic composition. Current control measures for such hazards include applying intumescent fire-retardant (IFR) coatings that swell and form a char layer upon ignition, protecting the underlying substrate from burning. Typically, conventional IFR coatings are opaque and are made of halogenated compounds that release toxic fumes when ignited, compromising the roofing's aesthetic value and sustainability. In this work, phytic acid, a naturally occurring phosphorus source extracted from rice bran, was used to synthesize phytic acid-based fire-retardants (PFR) via esterification under reflux, along with powdered chicken eggshells (CES) as calcium carbonate (CaCO) bio-filler. These components were incorporated into melamine formaldehyde resin to produce the transparent IFR coating. It was revealed that the developed IFR coatings achieved the highest fire protection rating based on UL94 flammability standards compared to the control. The coatings also yielded increased LOI values, indicative of self-extinguishing properties. A 17 °C elevation of the IFR coating's melting temperature and a significant ∼172% increase in enthalpy change from the control were observed, indicating enhanced fire-retardancy. The thermal stability of the coatings was improved, denoted by reduced mass losses, and increased residual masses after thermal degradation. As validated by microscopy and spectroscopy, the abundance of phosphorus and carbon groups in the coatings' condensed phase after combustion indicates enhanced char formation. In the gas phase, TG-FTIR showed the evolution of non-flammable CO, and fire-retardant PO and P-O-C. Mechanical property testing confirmed no reduction in the adhesion strength of the IFR coating. With these results, the developed IFR coating exhibited enhanced fire-retardancy whilst remaining optically transparent, suggestive of a dual-phase IFR protective mechanism involving the release of gaseous combustion diluents and the formation of a thermally insulating char layer.
Topics: Flame Retardants; Egg Shell; Phytic Acid; Animals; Fires; Cellulose; Calcium Carbonate; Chickens
PubMed: 38704039
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142226 -
Chemosphere Jul 2023With the increasing demand for P fertilizer for world food production, the use of soil organic P fraction via mineralization could become an important P resource in...
With the increasing demand for P fertilizer for world food production, the use of soil organic P fraction via mineralization could become an important P resource in agricultural soils. However, the predominant organic P species, phytic acid, has been considered rather recalcitrant to mineralization due to its active interaction with dissolved metals like Ca in soil pore water. Calcium ions can be an inhibitor to many phytases, yet the mechanism was not clear. The objective of this study was to understand the effects of Ca(aq) on the phytase activity and inhibitory mechanisms using batch degradation kinetic experiments, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR, and Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The phytase activity followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and increased Michaelis constant K and decreased V with Ca addition were observed at pH 6. Therefore, mixed inhibition was the inhibition mechanism which was likely a result of the allosteric effect of Ca. The near-UV CD spectra supported phytase secondary conformational change upon the interaction between Ca and the enzyme. It was found that phytase initially reacted with the D/L-3 phosphate of phytic acid at pH 6. At pH 8, the overall phytase activity decreased, yet the effect of Ca on phytase activity was the opposite of that of pH 6. Enhanced phytase activity with Ca addition was attributed to the structural change of phytic acid upon the Ca complexation, which was confirmed by NOE spectra. The Ca-phytic acid complex might be a more favorable substrate than the free phytic acid. Unlike the findings from pH 6, Ca didn't induce significant changes in either the near- or far-UV region of the CD spectra at pH 8. Furthermore, P5 was found to be the target of phytase at pH 8. The study revealed the pH-specific effects of Ca on the mineralization of phytic acid.
Topics: Phosphorus; Phytic Acid; 6-Phytase; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phosphates; Animal Feed
PubMed: 37088210
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138761 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Feb 2024Medical device-associated infections (MDAI) caused by planktonic pathogens are of serious concern worldwide due to the emergence of drug resistance resulting from...
Medical device-associated infections (MDAI) caused by planktonic pathogens are of serious concern worldwide due to the emergence of drug resistance resulting from continuous overuse or misuse of antibiotics. Therefore, the design of non-antibiotics-based treatment for MDAI is of crucial importance. Black phosphorus (BP), a novel 2D material, has recently received much attention owing to its remarkable physical, chemical, mechanical, and functional features. However, the intricacy of the fabrication process has severely hampered the development of BP in prospective applications. In this study, a simple and eco-friendly liquid-phase exfoliation method of phytic acid (PA)-promoted exfoliation of BP nanosheets (PA@BP NSs) is developed for their potential application in antibacterial photothermal therapy. To impart the antimicrobial effects, the polydimethylsiloxane surfaces are functionalized with quaternized polymer (polyquaternium-2 or PQ) and PA@BP NSs, leading to the formation of PA-BP-PQ composite coatings. In addition to the contact-killing antibacterial effect of the cationic PQ, the PA-BP-PQ coating exhibits remarkable near-infrared irradiation-triggered bactericidal effects with low cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. This study proposes a simple liquid-phase exfoliation technique for the fabrication of BP NSs and a one-step approach for the construction of PA-BP-PQ composite coatings for bi-modal (contact-killing and photothermal) antimicrobial therapy.
Topics: Phytic Acid; Phosphorus; Phototherapy; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Indans
PubMed: 37972607
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302058