-
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023Millets are group of underutilized cereal crops with higher nutritional values. The present investigation used different classes of minor millets, including barnyard...
Millets are group of underutilized cereal crops with higher nutritional values. The present investigation used different classes of minor millets, including barnyard (sava), little (kutki), finger (ragi), kodo and foxtail millets, for evaluation of their nutritional parameters, i.e., the content of proteins, total amino acids, total sugars, insoluble fibers, soluble fibers, total dietary fibers, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), along with antinutritional and antioxidant parameters, viz., tannic acid, phytic acid, phenol, flavonoid, proline and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase activity were also thought to elevate millets as a viable staple meal. Foxtail millet showed the maximum inhibition, with an IC value of 20.46 ± 1.80 µg mL with respect to α-amylase. The coefficient of correlation between nutritional and antinutritional compositions showed that the starch content was significantly and positively correlated with insoluble fiber (r = 0.465) and dietary fiber (r = 0.487). Moreover, sugar was positively correlated with the phytic acid (r = 0.707), Fe and Zn (r = 0.681) contents. To determine the peptides responsible for anticancer activity, the foxtail protein was subjected to ultrafiltration; it was found that the 3 kDa fraction retained the greatest anticancer activity. Selected millet germplasm line(s) that have the best nutraceutical properties could be used in millet improvement programs.
PubMed: 37763321
DOI: 10.3390/life13091918 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Grass pea ( L.), an indigenous legume of the subcontinental region, is a promising source of protein and other nutrients of health significance. Contrarily, a high...
Grass pea ( L.), an indigenous legume of the subcontinental region, is a promising source of protein and other nutrients of health significance. Contrarily, a high amount of β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) and other anti-nutrients limits its wider acceptability as healthier substitute to protein of animal and plant origin. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of different processing techniques, viz. soaking, boiling, germination, and fermentation, to improve the nutrient-delivering potential of grass pea lentil and to mitigate its anti-nutrient and toxicant burden. The results presented the significant ( < 0.05) effect of germination on increasing the protein and fiber content of from 22.6 to 30.7% and 15.1 to 19.4%, respectively. Likewise, germination reduced the total carbohydrate content of the grass pea from 59.1 to 46%. The highest rate of reduction in phytic acid (91%) and β-ODAP (37%) were observed in germinated grass pea powder, whereas fermentation anticipated an 89% reduction in tannin content. The lactic acid fermentation of grass pea increased the concentration of calcium, iron, and zinc from 4020 to 5100 mg/100 g, 3.97 to 4.35 mg/100 g, and 3.52 to 4.97 mg/100 g, respectively. The results suggest that fermentation and germination significantly ( < 0.05) improve the concentration of essential amino acids including threonine, leucine, histidine, tryptophan, and lysine in powder. This study proposes lactic acid fermentation and germination as safer techniques to improve the nutrient-delivering potential of and suggests processed powders of the legume as a cost-effective alternative to existing plant proteins.
PubMed: 37569119
DOI: 10.3390/foods12152851 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Oct 2023Although conductive hydrogels (CHs) have been investigated as the wearable sensor in recent years, how to prepare the multifunctional CHs with long-term usability is...
Although conductive hydrogels (CHs) have been investigated as the wearable sensor in recent years, how to prepare the multifunctional CHs with long-term usability is still a big challenge. In this paper, we successfully prepared a kind of conductive and self-adhesive hydrogel with a simple method, and its excellent ductility makes it possible as a flexible strain sensor for intelligent monitoring. The CHs are constructed by poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), polydopamine (PDA), and phytic acid (PA) through the freeze-thaw cycle method. The introduction of PA enhanced the intermolecular force with PVA and provided much H for augmented conductivity, while the catechol group on PDA endows the hydrogel with self-adhesion ability. The PVA/PA/PDA hydrogel can directly contact with the skin and adhere to it stably, which makes the hydrogel potentially a wearable strain sensor. The PVA/PA/PDA hydrogel can monitor human motion signals (including fingers, elbows, knees, etc.) in real-time and can accurately monitor tiny electrical signals for smile and handwriting recognition. Notably, the composite CHs can be used in a normal environment even after 4 months. Because of its excellent ductility, self-adhesiveness, and conductivity, the PVA/PA/PDA hydrogel provides a new idea for wearable bioelectronic sensors.
Topics: Humans; Adhesives; Hydrogels; Resin Cements; Electric Conductivity; Adhesiveness; Phytic Acid
PubMed: 37802535
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12831 -
Heliyon Jul 2023The Indian subcontinent is the primary center of origin of rice where huge diversity is found in the Indian rice gene pool, including landraces. North Eastern States of...
The Indian subcontinent is the primary center of origin of rice where huge diversity is found in the Indian rice gene pool, including landraces. North Eastern States of India are home to thousands of rice landraces which are highly diverse and good sources of nutritional traits, but most of them remain nutritionally uncharacterized. Hence, nutritional profiling of 395 Assam landraces was done for total starch, amylose content (AC), total dietary fiber (TDF), total protein content (TPC), oil, phenol, and total phytic acid (TPA) using official AOAC and standard methods, where the mean content for the estimated traits were found to be 75.2 g/100g, 22.2 g/100g, 4.67 g/100g, 9.8 g/100g, 5.26%, 0.40 GAE g/100g, and 0.34 g/100g for respectively. The glycaemic index (GI) was estimated in 24 selected accessions, out of which 17 accessions were found to have low GI (<55). Among different traits, significant correlations were found that can facilitate the direct and indirect selection such as estimated glycemic index (EGI) and amylose content (-0.803). Multivariate analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), revealed the similarities/differences in the nutritional attributes. Four principal components (PC) i.e., PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC4 were identified through principal component analysis (PCA) which, contributed 81.6% of the variance, where maximum loadings were from protein, oil, starch, and phytic acid. Sixteen clusters were identified through hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) from which the trait-specific and biochemically most distant accessions could be identified for use in cultivar development in breeding programs.
PubMed: 37449133
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17524 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2023Various dentin conditioners have been recommended to enhance the bond strength of glass ionomer cement (GIC) to dentin. The purpose of the study was to determine the...
BACKGROUND
Various dentin conditioners have been recommended to enhance the bond strength of glass ionomer cement (GIC) to dentin. The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of three dentin conditioners on the microshear bond strength of GIC and the failure patterns of the restoration, as well as the efficacy of removing the smear layer using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighty healthy mandibular premolars were cleaned, isolated, and divided into four groups ( = 20). Flat coronal dentinal surfaces were accomplished by removing the occlusal surface of the crowns. Each group received the following treatment: group 1 with 10% polyacrylic acid; group 2 with 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); group 3 with 1% phytic acid; and group 4 with no conditioning (control). High-strength Fuji IX GIC was applied to the dentin, and samples were thermocycled and de-bonded with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min employing a shear force. A stereomicroscope and a SEM were used to examine the dentin surface at magnifications of 2000× and 5000×. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's test, and Chi-squared test were used to assess data on microshear bond strength, smear layer removal, and failure modes.
RESULTS
The bond strength of group 4 was statistically highly significant ( ≤ 0.001) compared to the other groups. However, the differences between groups 2 and 3 were insignificant. Mixed pattern of failure was the least in group 3 (IP6). In group 3, the SEM photomicrograph revealed open dentinal tubules with complete removal of the smear layer.
CONCLUSION
The results of the present study affirm that phytic acid enhances the bond strength of GIC restorations and removal of smear layer to a level comparable to EDTA as a dentin conditioner.
PubMed: 37654334
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_411_22 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023It is difficult to separate smithsonite from quartz with metal ion activation through flotation using sodium oleate (NaOL) as the collector. The inevitable Zn in the...
It is difficult to separate smithsonite from quartz with metal ion activation through flotation using sodium oleate (NaOL) as the collector. The inevitable Zn in the flotation process of zinc oxide ore makes the separation of smithsonite and quartz more difficult. Thus, this study investigated the use of phytic acid (PA) as a flotation depressant to separate smithsonite from Zn-activated quartz while utilizing sodium oleate as the collector. Microflotation tests indicated that phytic acid could selectively inhibit the flotation of Zn-activated quartz without affecting the flotation of smithsonite. The measured zeta potentials revealed that the existence of phytic acid hindered sodium oleate adsorption to the surface of Zn-activated quartz but had little influence on the adsorption of smithsonite. Zn dissolution tests and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated that the phytic acid could dissolve the Zn from the minerals' surfaces into the solution. In conjunction with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results, the analysis indicated that phytic acid could adsorb onto the Zn-activated quartz surface and eliminate active sites for sodium oleate adsorption by dissolving the active Zn from the quartz surface into the solution.
PubMed: 37513234
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145361 -
Biomolecules Dec 2023A study evaluated nine kinetic data and four kinetic parameters related to growth, production of various phytase activities (PE), and released phosphate ion...
A study evaluated nine kinetic data and four kinetic parameters related to growth, production of various phytase activities (PE), and released phosphate ion concentration ([Pi]) from five lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains cultivated in three types of media: phytate (IP6), milling stage rice bran (MsRB), and whitening stage rice bran (WsRB). Score ranking techniques were used, combining these kinetic data and parameters to select the most suitable LAB strain for each medium across three cultivation time periods (24, 48, and 72 h). In the IP6 medium, TISTR 1500 exhibited statistically significant highest ( ≤ 0.05) normalized summation scores using a 2:1 weighting between kinetic and parameter data sets. This strain also had the statistically highest levels ( ≤ 0.05) of produced phosphate ion concentration ([Pi]) (0.55 g/L) at 72 h and produced extracellular specific phytase activity (ExSp-PE) (0.278 U/mg) at 48 h. For the MsRB and WsRB media, TISTR 877 performed exceptionally well after 72 h of cultivation. It produced ([Pi], ExSp-PE) pairs of (0.53 g/L, 0.0790 U/mg) in MsRB and (0.85 g/L, 0.0593 U/mg) in WsRB, respectively. Overall, these findings indicate the most promising LAB strains for each medium and cultivation time based on their ability to produce phosphate ions and extracellular specific phytase activity. The selection process utilized a combination of kinetic data and parameter analysis.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Lactobacillales; Oryza; Phosphates; Biopolymers; Lactic Acid; Ions
PubMed: 38136641
DOI: 10.3390/biom13121770 -
Food Science & Nutrition Dec 2023The effects of two fermentation processes (common fermentation with and fermentation by subsp. PTCC 1608 and subsp. PTCC 1745) on pH, titratable acidity, total...
The effects of two fermentation processes (common fermentation with and fermentation by subsp. PTCC 1608 and subsp. PTCC 1745) on pH, titratable acidity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity, saponin content, as well as phytic acid content of quinoa dough were investigated during the 24-h fermentation (4-h interval). According to the results, the highest titratable acidity was observed in the samples fermented by subsp. . Moreover, the highest antioxidant capacity was observed after 12 h of fermentation by subsp. (31.22% for DPPH, 104.67% for FRAP) due to a higher concentration of phenolic compounds produced (170.5% for total phenolic content). Also, all samples have been able to reduce saponin by 67% on average. Furthermore, the samples fermented by subsp. showed the most significant decrease in phytic acid content (64.64%) during 24-h fermentation. By considering the reduction of the antinutritional compounds and improvement in the antioxidant properties of quinoa flour, the strain was recommended.
PubMed: 38107108
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3679 -
International Journal of Biological... Jul 2023Plant diseases prompted by fungi and bacteria are one of the most serious threats to global crop production and food security. The destruction of these infections posed...
Plant diseases prompted by fungi and bacteria are one of the most serious threats to global crop production and food security. The destruction of these infections posed a major challenge to plant protection by chemical control. Herein, we develop CMCS/PA/Zn nanoparticles (NPs) using carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), phytic acid (PA) and metal ions (Zn) via flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) strategy. Metal complexes of PA with specified antibacterial and antifungal activities are expected to hold the potential and play a significant role in antimicrobial treatment. The size and size distribution of NPs was confirmed through Dynamic and Static Light Scatterer (DSLS). In acidic-infection microenvironment, the CMCS/PA/Zn NPs can disintegrate and release Zn in situ thus stimulated the corresponding antimicrobial activity. These CMCS/PA/Zn NPs showed outstanding antibacterial efficacy (98 %) against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria in vitro, as well as an impressive antifungal efficacy of 98 % and 81 % against R. solani and B. cinerea at 50 μg/mL respectively. This study contributes a prospective idea to the development of organic-inorganic hybrid NPs as environmentally-friendly and safe agricultural antimicrobials.
Topics: Humans; Antifungal Agents; Phytic Acid; Chitosan; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Prospective Studies; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Nanoparticles; Anti-Infective Agents; Mycoses; Zinc
PubMed: 37150368
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124747 -
Polymers May 2024To broaden the applications of wood, it is necessary to prepare flame-retardant coatings that can protect wood substrates during combustion. In this study, a bio-based,...
To broaden the applications of wood, it is necessary to prepare flame-retardant coatings that can protect wood substrates during combustion. In this study, a bio-based, intumescent, flame-retardant phytic acid-melamine polyelectrolyte (PM) was prepared using phosphorus-rich biomass phytic acid and nitrogen-rich melamine as raw materials through an ion crosslinking reaction. Subsequently, a series of bio-based, flame-retardant wood coatings were prepared by optimizing the structure of urea-formaldehyde resin with the addition of melamine, sodium lignosulfonate, and PM as a flame-retardant curing agent. Woods coated with PM-containing coatings displayed significantly improved flame-retardant performances in comparison to uncoated woods. For PM-cured woods, the measured values of total heat release and total smoke production were 91.51% and 57.80% lower, respectively, compared with those of uncoated wood. Furthermore, the fire growth index decreased by 97.32%, indicating a lower fire hazard. This increase in flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance is due to the dense expanded carbon layer formed during the combustion of the coating, which isolates oxygen and heat. In addition, the mechanical properties of the flame-retardant coatings cured with PM are similar to those cured with a commercial curing agent, NHCl. In addition, the prepared flame-retardant coating can also stain the wood. This study proves the excellent flame-retarding and curing effect of ammonium phytate in urea-formaldehyde resin coatings and provides a new approach for the application of bio-based flame retardants in wood coatings.
PubMed: 38891502
DOI: 10.3390/polym16111557