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Nutrients Jun 2023Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent common chronic inflammatory disease defined by the presence of extrauterine endometrial tissue that promotes pelvic pain and... (Review)
Review
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent common chronic inflammatory disease defined by the presence of extrauterine endometrial tissue that promotes pelvic pain and fertility impairment. Its etiology is complex and multifactorial, and several not completely understood theories have been proposed to describe its pathogenesis. Indeed, this disease affects women's quality of life and their reproductive system. Conventional therapies for endometriosis treatment primarily focus on surgical resection, lowering systemic levels of estrogen, and treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to counteract the inflammatory response. However, although these strategies have shown to be effective, they also show considerable side effects. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the use of herbal medicine for the treatment of endometriosis; however, to date, only very limited literature is present on this topic. Polyphenols display important anti-endometriotic properties; in particular, they are potent phytoestrogens that in parallel modulates estrogen activity and exerts anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on anti-inflammatory activity of polyphenols in the treatment of endometriosis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Endometriosis; Quality of Life; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Estrogens; Radiopharmaceuticals; Endometrium
PubMed: 37447296
DOI: 10.3390/nu15132967 -
Nutrients Jan 2024Endometriosis is a chronic, hormone-dependent disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue in ectopic locations. Since the treatment options for this... (Review)
Review
Endometriosis is a chronic, hormone-dependent disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue in ectopic locations. Since the treatment options for this disease are still limited, and the cure rate is unsatisfactory, the search for ways to treat symptoms and modify the course of the disease is of key importance in improving the quality of life of patients with endometriosis. So far, the literature has shown that nutrition can influence endometriosis through hormonal modification and altering the inflammatory or oxidative response. Since the importance of nutrition in this disease is still a subject of scientific research, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the role of dietary modifications in endometriosis. Our review showed that nutrients with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, including most vitamins and several trace elements, may influence the pathogenesis of endometriosis and can be considered as the nutrients preventing the development of endometriosis. However, despite the many discoveries described in this review, further interdisciplinary research on this topic seems to be extremely important, as in the future, it may result in the development of personalized therapies supporting the treatment of endometriosis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Endometriosis; Quality of Life; Diet; Nutritional Status; Nutrients
PubMed: 38201982
DOI: 10.3390/nu16010154 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Genistein (GN) has been highly recommended for its medicinal properties like anticancer, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antiviral, and antioxidant activities among... (Review)
Review
Genistein (GN) has been highly recommended for its medicinal properties like anticancer, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antiviral, and antioxidant activities among others. Recently, scientists realized that Genistein is an endocrine disruptor. It is an obesogen that interferes with the endocrine system causing obesity through many mechanisms like inducing adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation, and transformation of some stem cells into adipocytes (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for example) . Animal studies show that GN upregulates genes associated with adipogenesis like CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (Cebpα), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (Cebpβ), and PPARγ. studies reveal a strong binding affinity for estrogen receptors. All these findings were contingent on concentration and tissues. It is beyond dispute that obesity is one of the most frustrating medical conditions under the sun. The pathophysiology of this disease was first attributed to a high-calorie diet and lack of physical activity. However, studies proved that these two factors are not enough to account for obesity in both children and adults. This mini review highlights how Genistein interaction with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma protein can cause obesity.
Topics: Animals; Child; Humans; Genistein; Cell Differentiation; Adipogenesis; Obesity
PubMed: 38098865
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1308341 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023Erianin, a phytoestrogen with therapeutic potential, is one of the major active components of Dendrobll caulis. Erianin has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as... (Review)
Review
Erianin, a phytoestrogen with therapeutic potential, is one of the major active components of Dendrobll caulis. Erianin has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic retinopathy, anti-psoriasis, and antibacterial effects. Especially, in regard to the anti-tumor effect of erianin, the underlying molecular mechanism has been partly clarified. In fact, the numerous pharmacological actions of erianin are complex and interrelated, mainly including ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt, JAK2/STAT3, HIF-1α/PD-L1, PPT1/mTOR, JNK/c-Jun, and p38 MAPK signal pathway. However, on account of the poor water solubility and the low bioavailability of erianin, greatly affected and limited its further development and application. And it is worthwhile and meaningful to explore more extensive pharmacological effects and mechanisms, clarify pharmacokinetics, and synthesize the derivatives of erianin. Conclusively, in this paper, the pharmacological effects of erianin and its mechanism, pharmacokinetics, and derivatives studies were reviewed, in order to provide a reference for the development and application of erianin.
PubMed: 37608888
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1197056 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Jul 2023Phytoestrogens are plant secondary metabolite that is structurally and functionally similar to mammalian estrogens, which have been shown to have various health benefits... (Review)
Review
Phytoestrogens are plant secondary metabolite that is structurally and functionally similar to mammalian estrogens, which have been shown to have various health benefits in humans. Isoflavones, coumestans, and lignans are the three major bioactive classes of phytoestrogens. It has a complicated mechanism of action involving an interaction with the nuclear estrogen receptor isoforms ERα and ERβ, with estrogen agonist and estrogen antagonist effects. Depending on their concentration and bioavailability in various plant sources, phytoestrogens can act as estrogen agonist or antagonists. Menopausal vasomotor symptoms, breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, prostate cancer, menopausal symptoms, and osteoporosis/bone health have all been studied using phytoestrogens as an additional standard hormone supplemental remedy. The botanical sources, techniques of identification, classification, side effects, clinical implications, pharmacological and therapeutic effects of their proposed mode of action, safety issues, and future directions for phytoestrogens have all been highlighted in this review.
Topics: Animals; Male; Humans; Phytoestrogens; Estrogens; Receptors, Estrogen; Breast Neoplasms; Prostatic Neoplasms; Isoflavones; Mammals
PubMed: 37246823
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7861 -
Food & Function Dec 2023Estrogen receptors (ERs) are transcription factors with two subtypes: estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), which are essential for the... (Review)
Review
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are transcription factors with two subtypes: estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), which are essential for the maintenance of human health and play a regulatory role in common diseases such as breast cancer, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders, liver injuries and lung cancers. A number of phytochemicals extracted from various fruits and vegetables have been demonstrated to exhibit estrogenic effects and are termed phytoestrogens. As modulators of ERs, phytoestrogens can be involved in the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases as complementary or alternative therapeutic agents and have a variety of health benefits for humans. This article reviews the health benefits of phytoestrogens in clinical and epidemiologic studies for several diseases and also provides a detailed description of the molecular mechanisms of their action. A brief comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of natural phytochemicals compared to synthetic drugs is also presented. The role of phytoestrogens in the treatment of diseases and human health requires further research to fully realize their therapeutic potential.
Topics: Humans; Receptors, Estrogen; Phytoestrogens; Estrogens; Estrogen Receptor beta; Estrogen Receptor alpha; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 38047630
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04702d -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Estrogen deficiency is a major cause of loss of postmenopausal bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of equol and resveratrol on bone... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Estrogen deficiency is a major cause of loss of postmenopausal bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of equol and resveratrol on bone turnover biomarkers in postmenopausal women. Sixty healthy postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to receive 200 mg fermented soy containing 10 mg equol and 25 mg resveratrol or a placebo for 12 months. Whole-body BMD and bone turnover biomarkers, such as deoxypyridinoline (DPD), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), osteocalcin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), were measured at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. At the end of treatment, DPD, osteocalcin, and BAP significantly improved in the active group ( < 0.0001 for all) compared to the placebo group. Conversely, TRACP-5b levels were unaffected by supplementation ( = 0.051). Statistically significant changes in the concentrations of DPD ( < 0.0001), osteocalcin ( = 0.0001), and BAP ( < 0.0001) compared to baseline were also identified. Overall, the intervention significantly increased BMD measured in the whole body ( = 0.0220) compared with the placebo. These data indicate that the combination of equol and resveratrol may positively modulate bone turnover biomarkers and BMD, representing a potential approach to prevent age-related bone loss in postmenopausal women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Postmenopause; Equol; Resveratrol; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Osteocalcin; Bone Density; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Bone Remodeling; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
PubMed: 37569440
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512063