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Neuron Dec 2023Leptomeninges, consisting of the pia mater and arachnoid, form a connective tissue investment and barrier enclosure of the brain. The exact nature of leptomeningeal...
Leptomeninges, consisting of the pia mater and arachnoid, form a connective tissue investment and barrier enclosure of the brain. The exact nature of leptomeningeal cells has long been debated. In this study, we identify five molecularly distinct fibroblast-like transcriptomes in cerebral leptomeninges; link them to anatomically distinct cell types of the pia, inner arachnoid, outer arachnoid barrier, and dural border layer; and contrast them to a sixth fibroblast-like transcriptome present in the choroid plexus and median eminence. Newly identified transcriptional markers enabled molecular characterization of cell types responsible for adherence of arachnoid layers to one another and for the arachnoid barrier. These markers also proved useful in identifying the molecular features of leptomeningeal development, injury, and repair that were preserved or changed after traumatic brain injury. Together, the findings highlight the value of identifying fibroblast transcriptional subsets and their cellular locations toward advancing the understanding of leptomeningeal physiology and pathology.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Meninges; Arachnoid; Pia Mater; Choroid Plexus; Brain
PubMed: 37776854
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.002 -
Progress in Brain Research 2024The dura was first described in ancient Egypt. Hippocrates insisted that it should be protected and not penetrated. Celsus proposed an association between clinical... (Review)
Review
The dura was first described in ancient Egypt. Hippocrates insisted that it should be protected and not penetrated. Celsus proposed an association between clinical findings and meningeal damage. Galen proposed that the dura was attached only at the sutures, and he was the first to describe the pia in humans. In the Middle Ages, new interest in the management of meningeal injuries arose, with renewed interest in relating clinical changes to intracranial injuries. These associations were neither consistent nor accurate. The Renaissance brought little change. It was in the 18th century that it became clear that the indication for opening the cranium following trauma was to relieve pressure from hematomas. Moreover, the important clinical findings on which to base an indication for intervention were changes in the level of consciousness.
Topics: Humans; Meninges; History, Ancient; History, 19th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 17th Century; History, Medieval; History, 16th Century; History, 15th Century; History, 20th Century
PubMed: 38705713
DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.02.020