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International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Glycosylation is a widespread glycosyl modification that regulates gene expression and metabolite bioactivity in all life processes of plants. Phosphoribosylation is a... (Review)
Review
Glycosylation is a widespread glycosyl modification that regulates gene expression and metabolite bioactivity in all life processes of plants. Phosphoribosylation is a special glycosyl modification catalyzed by phosphoribosyltransferase (PRTase), which functions as a key step in the biosynthesis pathway of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, histidine, tryptophan, and coenzyme NAD(P) to control the production of these essential metabolites. Studies in the past decades have reported that PRTases are indispensable for plant survival and thriving, whereas the complicated physiological role of PRTases in plant life and their crosstalk is not well understood. Here, we comprehensively overview and critically discuss the recent findings on PRTases, including their classification, as well as the function and crosstalk in regulating plant development, abiotic stress response, and the balance of growth and stress responses. This review aims to increase the understanding of the role of plant PRTase and also contribute to future research on the trade-off between plant growth and stress response.
Topics: Plant Development; Pentosyltransferases; Plants; Stress, Physiological; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 37511586
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411828 -
Development (Cambridge, England) Oct 2023As photoautotrophic organisms, plants produce an incredible spectrum of pigments, anti-herbivory compounds, structural materials and energic intermediates. These...
As photoautotrophic organisms, plants produce an incredible spectrum of pigments, anti-herbivory compounds, structural materials and energic intermediates. These biosynthetic routes help plants grow, reproduce and mitigate stress. HEXOKINASE1 (HXK1), a metabolic enzyme and glucose sensor, catalyzes the phosphorylation of hexoses, a key introductory step for many of these pathways. However, previous studies have largely focused on the glucose sensing and signaling functions of HXK1, and the importance of the enzyme's catalytic function is only recently being connected to plant development. In this brief Spotlight, we describe the developmental significance of plant HXK1 and its role in plant metabolic pathways, specifically in glucose-6-phosphate production. Furthermore, we describe the emerging connections between metabolism and development and suggest that HXK1 signaling and catalytic activity regulate discrete areas of plant development.
Topics: Glucose; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Hexokinase; Phosphorylation; Plant Development; Plants
PubMed: 37842778
DOI: 10.1242/dev.202346 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Dec 2023The plant core microbiota transmitted by seeds have been demonstrated to exist in seeds and adult plants of several crops for multiple generations. They are closely... (Review)
Review
The plant core microbiota transmitted by seeds have been demonstrated to exist in seeds and adult plants of several crops for multiple generations. They are closely related to plants and are relatively conserved throughout evolution, domestication, and breeding. These microbiota play a vital role in the early stages of plant growth. However, information about their colonization routes, transmission pathways, and final fate remains fragmentary. This review delves into the concept of these microbiota, their colonization sources, transmission pathways, and how they change throughout plant evolution, domestication, and breeding, as well as their effects on plants, based on relevant literature. Finally, the significant potential of incorporating the practical application of seed-transmitted microbiota into plant microbial breeding is emphasized.
Topics: Plant Breeding; Seeds; Microbiota; Plant Development; Crops, Agricultural
PubMed: 38044571
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07092 -
The Plant Cell May 2024The phytohormone auxin is at times called the master regulator of plant processes and has been shown to be a central player in embryo development, the establishment of... (Review)
Review
The phytohormone auxin is at times called the master regulator of plant processes and has been shown to be a central player in embryo development, the establishment of the polar axis, early aspects of seedling growth, as well as growth and organ formation during later stages of plant development. The Plant Cell has been key, since the inception of the journal, to developing an understanding of auxin biology. Auxin-regulated plant growth control is accomplished by both changes in the levels of active hormones and the sensitivity of plant tissues to these concentration changes. In this historical review, we chart auxin research as it has progressed in key areas and highlight the role The Plant Cell played in these scientific developments. We focus on understanding auxin-responsive genes, transcription factors, reporter constructs, perception, and signal transduction processes. Auxin metabolism is discussed from the development of tryptophan auxotrophic mutants, the molecular biology of conjugate formation and hydrolysis, indole-3-butyric acid metabolism and transport, and key steps in indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport. This progress leads to an expectation of a more comprehensive understanding of the systems biology of auxin and the spatial and temporal regulation of cellular growth and development.
Topics: Indoleacetic Acids; Plant Growth Regulators; History, 21st Century; History, 20th Century; Plant Development; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38382088
DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae054 -
Biology Open Oct 2023Cell-cell communication is a central feature of multicellular organisms, enabling division of labour and coordinated responses. Plasmodesmata are membrane-lined pores... (Review)
Review
Cell-cell communication is a central feature of multicellular organisms, enabling division of labour and coordinated responses. Plasmodesmata are membrane-lined pores that provide regulated cytoplasmic continuity between plant cells, facilitating signalling and transport across neighboring cells. Plant development and survival profoundly depend on the existence and functioning of these structures, bringing them to the spotlight for both fundamental and applied research. Despite the rich conceptual and translational rewards in sight, however, the study of plasmodesmata poses significant challenges. This Review will mostly focus on research published between May 2022 and May 2023 and intends to provide a short overview of recent discoveries, innovations, community resources and hypotheses.
Topics: Plasmodesmata; Cell Communication; Signal Transduction; Plant Development; Biology
PubMed: 37874138
DOI: 10.1242/bio.060123 -
Plant Cell Reports Jul 2023F-box E3-ubiquitin ligases regulate critical biological processes in plant development and stress responses. Future research could elucidate why and how plants have... (Review)
Review
F-box E3-ubiquitin ligases regulate critical biological processes in plant development and stress responses. Future research could elucidate why and how plants have acquired a large number of F-box genes. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a predominant regulatory mechanism employed by plants to maintain the protein turnover in the cells and involves the interplay of three classes of enzymes, E1 (ubiquitin-activating), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating), and E3 ligases. The diverse and most prominent protein family among eukaryotes, F-box proteins, are a vital component of the multi-subunit SCF (Skp1-Cullin 1-F-box) complex among E3 ligases. Several F-box proteins with multifarious functions in different plant systems have evolved rapidly over time within closely related species, but only a small part has been characterized. We need to advance our understanding of substrate-recognition regulation and the involvement of F-box proteins in biological processes and environmental adaptation. This review presents a background of E3 ligases with particular emphasis on the F-box proteins, their structural assembly, and their mechanism of action during substrate recognition. We discuss how the F-box proteins regulate and participate in the signaling mechanisms of plant development and environmental responses. We highlight an urgent need for research on the molecular basis of the F-box E3-ubiquitin ligases in plant physiology, systems biology, and biotechnology. Further, the developments and outlooks of the potential technologies targeting the E3-ubiquitin ligases for developing crop improvement strategies have been discussed.
Topics: Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; F-Box Proteins; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; Ubiquitins; Plant Development
PubMed: 37195503
DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03023-8 -
Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology May 2024Plant cells build nanofibrillar walls that are central to plant growth, morphogenesis and mechanics. Starting from simple sugars, three groups of polysaccharides,... (Review)
Review
Plant cells build nanofibrillar walls that are central to plant growth, morphogenesis and mechanics. Starting from simple sugars, three groups of polysaccharides, namely, cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins, with very different physical properties are assembled by the cell to make a strong yet extensible wall. This Review describes the physics of wall growth and its regulation by cellular processes such as cellulose production by cellulose synthase, modulation of wall pH by plasma membrane H-ATPase, wall loosening by expansin and signalling by plant hormones such as auxin and brassinosteroid. In addition, this Review discusses the nuanced roles, properties and interactions of cellulose, matrix polysaccharides and cell wall proteins and describes how wall stress and wall loosening cooperatively result in cell wall growth.
Topics: Cell Wall; Cellulose; Plant Cells; Plant Proteins; Plant Development; Plants; Polysaccharides; Glucosyltransferases; Plant Growth Regulators; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38102449
DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00691-y -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Dec 2023Single-cell genomics technologies are ushering in a new research era. In this review, we summarize the benefits and current challenges of using these technologies to... (Review)
Review
Single-cell genomics technologies are ushering in a new research era. In this review, we summarize the benefits and current challenges of using these technologies to probe the transcriptional regulation of plant development. In addition to profiling cells at a single snapshot in time, researchers have recently produced time-resolved datasets to map cell responses to stimuli. Live-imaging and spatial transcriptomic techniques are rapidly being adopted to link a cell's transcriptional profile with its spatial location within a tissue. Combining these technologies is a powerful spatiotemporal approach to investigate cell plasticity and developmental responses that contribute to plant resilience. Although there are hurdles to overcome, we conclude by discussing how single-cell genomics is poised to address developmental questions in the coming years.
Topics: Genomics; Transcriptome; Gene Expression Profiling; Plant Development; Single-Cell Analysis
PubMed: 37696725
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102444 -
PeerJ 2023MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNA with 19-24 nucleotides (nts) in length, which play an essential role in regulating gene expression at the... (Review)
Review
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNA with 19-24 nucleotides (nts) in length, which play an essential role in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. As one of the first miRNAs found in plants, miR171 is a typical class of conserved miRNAs. The miR171 sequences among different species are highly similar, and the vast majority of them have both "GAGCCG" and "CAAUAU" fragments. In addition to being involved in plant growth and development, hormone signaling and stress response, miR171 also plays multiple and important roles in plants through interactions with microbe and other small-RNAs. The miRNA functions by regulating the expression of target genes. Most of miR171's target genes are in the GRAS gene family, but also include some NSP, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and other genes. This review is intended to summarize recent updates on miR171 regarding its function in plant life and hopefully provide new ideas for understanding miR171 function and regulatory mechanisms.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; MicroRNAs; Plant Development; Signal Transduction; Plants; Phylogeny; Conserved Sequence; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 37456878
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15632 -
Journal of Plant Physiology Dec 2023Plants exhibit enormous plasticity in regulating their architecture to be able to adapt to a constantly changing environment and carry out vital functions such as... (Review)
Review
Plants exhibit enormous plasticity in regulating their architecture to be able to adapt to a constantly changing environment and carry out vital functions such as photosynthesis, anchoring, and nutrient uptake. Phytohormones play a role in regulating these responses, but sugar signalling mechanisms are also crucial. Sucrose is not only an important source of carbon and energy fuelling plant growth, but it also functions as a signalling molecule that influences various developmental processes. Trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), a sucrose-specific signalling metabolite, is emerging as an important regulator in plant metabolism and development. Key players involved in sucrose and Tre6P signalling pathways, including MAX2, SnRK1, bZIP11, and TOR, have been implicated in processes such as flowering, branching, and root growth. We will summarize our current knowledge of how these pathways shape shoot and root architecture and highlight how sucrose and Tre6P signalling are integrated with known signalling networks in shaping plant growth.
Topics: Sucrose; Trehalose; Plants; Sugar Phosphates; Plant Development; Phosphates; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 38007969
DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154140