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Current Opinion in Plant Biology Apr 2024
Topics: Plant Development; Plants
PubMed: 38428320
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102525 -
Plant Molecular Biology Dec 2023
Topics: Cell Wall; Cell Membrane; Biological Phenomena; Plant Development
PubMed: 38108951
DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01395-9 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Dec 2023A "ring" master of plant development and cellular genomics.
A "ring" master of plant development and cellular genomics.
Topics: Plant Development; Genomics
PubMed: 38060662
DOI: 10.1126/science.adl4710 -
Plant, Cell & Environment Oct 2023As sessile organisms, plants are constantly challenged by a dynamic growing environment. This includes fluctuations in temperature, water availability, light levels, and... (Review)
Review
As sessile organisms, plants are constantly challenged by a dynamic growing environment. This includes fluctuations in temperature, water availability, light levels, and changes in atmospheric constituents such as carbon dioxide (CO ) and ozone (O ). In concert with changes in abiotic conditions, plants experience changes in biotic stress pressures, including plant pathogens and herbivores. Human-induced increases in atmospheric CO levels have led to alterations in plant growth environments that impact their productivity and nutritional quality. Additionally, it is predicted that climate change will alter the prevalence and virulence of plant pathogens, further challenging plant growth. A knowledge gap exists in the complex interplay between plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Closing this gap is crucial for developing climate resilient crops in the future. Here, we briefly review the physiological responses of plants to elevated CO , temperature, tropospheric O , and drought conditions, as well as the interaction of these abiotic stress factors with plant pathogen pressure. Additionally, we describe the crosstalk and trade-offs involved in plant responses to both abiotic and biotic stress, and outline targets for future work to develop a more sustainable future food supply considering future climate change.
Topics: Humans; Climate Change; Carbon Dioxide; Plant Development; Stress, Physiological; Crops, Agricultural
PubMed: 36585762
DOI: 10.1111/pce.14532 -
Biomolecules Dec 2023Plant peptides are a new frontier in plant biology, owing to their key regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Synthetic peptides are... (Review)
Review
Plant peptides are a new frontier in plant biology, owing to their key regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Synthetic peptides are promising biological agents that can be used to improve crop growth and protection in an environmentally sustainable manner. Plant regulatory peptides identified in pioneering research, including systemin, PSK, HypSys, RALPH, Pep1, CLV3, TDIF, CLE, and RGF/GLV/CLEL, hold promise for crop improvement as potent regulators of plant growth and defense. Mass spectrometry and bioinformatics are greatly facilitating the discovery and identification of new plant peptides. The biological functions of most novel plant peptides remain to be elucidated. Bioassays are an essential part in studying the biological activity of identified and putative plant peptides. Root growth assays and cultivated plant cell cultures are widely used to evaluate the regulatory potential of plant peptides during growth, differentiation, and stress reactions. These bioassays can be used as universal approaches for screening peptides from different plant species. Development of high-throughput bioassays can facilitate the screening of large numbers of identified and putative plant peptides, which have recently been discovered but remain uncharacterized for biological activity.
Topics: Peptides; Plants; Plant Development; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 38136666
DOI: 10.3390/biom13121795 -
Plant & Cell Physiology Oct 2023FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 (FHY3) and its homolog FAR-RED-IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 (FAR1) are transcription factors derived from transposases essential for phytochrome... (Review)
Review
FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL3 (FHY3) and its homolog FAR-RED-IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 (FAR1) are transcription factors derived from transposases essential for phytochrome A-mediated light signaling. In addition to their essential role in light signaling, FHY3 and FAR1 also play diverse regulatory roles in plant growth and development, including clock entrainment, seed dormancy and germination, senescence, chloroplast formation, branching, flowering and meristem development. Notably, accumulating evidence indicates that the emerging role of FHY3 and FAR1 in environmental stress signaling has begun to be revealed. In this review, we summarize these recent findings in the context of FHY3 and FAR1 as integrators of light and other developmental and stressful signals. We also discuss the antagonistic action of FHY3/FAR1 and Phytochrome Interating Factors (PIFs) in various cross-talks between light, hormone and environmental cues.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Transcription Factors; Phytochrome; Germination; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Nuclear Proteins
PubMed: 37384577
DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad068 -
Plant Molecular Biology Jul 2023Anthocyanins are a family of water-soluble vacuolar pigments present in almost all flowering plants. The chemistry, biosynthesis and functions of these flavonoids have... (Review)
Review
Anthocyanins are a family of water-soluble vacuolar pigments present in almost all flowering plants. The chemistry, biosynthesis and functions of these flavonoids have been intensively studied, in part due to their benefit for human health. Given that they are efficient antioxidants, intense research has been devoted to studying their possible roles against damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the redox homeostasis established between antioxidants and ROS is important for plant growth and development. On the one hand, high levels of ROS can damage DNA, proteins, and lipids, on the other, they are also required for cell signaling, plant development and stress responses. Thus, a balance is needed in which antioxidants can remove excessive ROS, while not precluding ROS from triggering important cellular signaling cascades. In this article, we discuss how anthocyanins and ROS interact and how a deeper understanding of the balance between them could help improve plant productivity, nutritional value, and resistance to stress, while simultaneously maintaining proper cellular function and plant growth.
Topics: Humans; Reactive Oxygen Species; Antioxidants; Anthocyanins; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Development; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 37351824
DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01362-4 -
The Science of the Total Environment Apr 2024MEL (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a well-known natural compound that controls cellular processes in both plants and animals and is primarily found in plants as a... (Review)
Review
MEL (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a well-known natural compound that controls cellular processes in both plants and animals and is primarily found in plants as a neurohormone. Its roles have been described very broadly, from its antioxidant function related to the photoperiod and determination of seasonal rhythms to its role as a signalling molecule, imitating the action of plant hormones (or even being classified as a prohormone). MEL positively affects the yield and survival of plants by increasing their tolerance to unfavourable biotic and abiotic conditions, which makes MEL widely applicable in ecological farming as a stimulant of growth and development. Thus, it is called a phytobiostimulator. In this review, we discuss the genesis of MEL functions, the presence of MEL at the cellular level and its effects on gene expression and plant development, which can ensure the survival of plants under the conditions they encounter. Moreover, we consider the future application possibilities of MEL in agriculture.
Topics: Animals; Melatonin; Antioxidants; Plants; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators
PubMed: 38340815
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170871 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Apr 2024When future conditions are unpredictable, bet-hedging strategies can be advantageous. This can involve isogenic individuals producing different phenotypes, under the... (Review)
Review
When future conditions are unpredictable, bet-hedging strategies can be advantageous. This can involve isogenic individuals producing different phenotypes, under the same environmental conditions. Ecological studies provide evidence that variability in seed germination time has been selected for as a bet-hedging strategy. We demonstrate how variability in germination time found in Arabidopsis could function as a bet-hedging strategy in the face of unpredictable lethal stresses. Despite a body of knowledge on how the degree of seed dormancy versus germination is controlled, relatively little is known about how differences between isogenic seeds in a batch are generated. We review proposed mechanisms for generating variability in germination time and the current limitations and new possibilities for testing the model predictions. We then look beyond germination to the role of variability in seedling and adult plant growth and review new technologies for quantification of noisy gene expression dynamics. We discuss evidence for phenotypic variability in plant traits beyond germination being under genetic control and propose that variability in stress response gene expression could function as a bet-hedging strategy. We discuss open questions about how noisy gene expression could lead to between-plant heterogeneity in gene expression and phenotypes. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes and consequences of stochastic processes in development and disease'.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Germination; Seeds; Seedlings; Arabidopsis; Knowledge
PubMed: 38432313
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0048 -
Plant & Cell Physiology Dec 2023Plants incorporate acquired carbon and nitrogen into amino acid metabolism, whereby the building blocks of proteins and the precursors of various metabolites are... (Review)
Review
Plants incorporate acquired carbon and nitrogen into amino acid metabolism, whereby the building blocks of proteins and the precursors of various metabolites are produced. This fundamental demand requires tight amino acid metabolism to sustain physiological homeostasis. There is increasing evidence that amino acid metabolism undergoes plastic alteration to orchestrate specific growth and developmental events. Consequently, there has been a gradual exploration of the interface at which amino acid metabolism and plant morphogenesis are mutually affected. This research progress offers an opportunity to explore amino acid metabolism, with the goal to understand how it can be modulated to serve special cellular needs and regulate specific growth and developmental pathways. Continuous improvements in the sensitivity and coverage of metabolomics technology, along with the development of chemoinformatics, have allowed the investigation of these research questions. In this review, we summarize the roles of threonine, serine, arginine and γ-aminobutyric acid as representative examples of amino acids relevant to specific developmental processes in plants ('functional amino acids'). Our objective is to expand perspectives regarding amino acid metabolism beyond the conventional view that it is merely life-supporting machinery.
Topics: Amino Acids; Plants; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Plant Development; Growth and Development
PubMed: 37489637
DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad071