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Anti-inflammatory & Anti-allergy Agents... 2024, sometimes called Indian jujube or Ber, belongs to the Rhamnaceae group of plants. The aqueous and ethanolic Ziziphus mauritiana formulations were shown to have...
INTRODUCTION
, sometimes called Indian jujube or Ber, belongs to the Rhamnaceae group of plants. The aqueous and ethanolic Ziziphus mauritiana formulations were shown to have analgesic, antipyretic, potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-emetic properties.
AIMS & OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to investigate the sedative and anticonvulsant activities of extract by governing 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight orally.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The leaves are extracted with ethanol and lukewarm water with a soxhlet apparatus for 72 hours. After that acute extract toxicity study was performed and then locomotor activity, pentobarbital induced sleeping time and anticonvulsant activity were performed with the extract.
RESULTS
Oral administration of extract at dosages of 200 & 400 mg/kg was employed after an immediate toxicity test. At a dosage of 400 mg/kg, the number of locomotions was reduced significantly lengthened the period of time spent sleeping and there was showed a dosage-dependent reduction in all phases of an epileptic episode.
CONCLUSION
In this study, the extract reduced locomotor activity, however, it had a superior profile for an antiepileptic action than phenytoin since it decreased locomotor activity to a lesser level. The considerable increase in pentobarbitone sleep hours with the extracts at a higher dose supported the sedative action of .
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Ziziphus; Plant Extracts; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Mice; Male; Rats; Sleep; Plant Leaves; Female; Seizures; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 38279726
DOI: 10.2174/0118715230276586231215045816 -
Advances in Colloid and Interface... Nov 2023This article provides an in-depth analysis of various fabrication methods of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNP), including chemical, biological, and physical techniques. The... (Review)
Review
A review of physical, chemical and biological synthesis methods of bimetallic nanoparticles and applications in sensing, water treatment, biomedicine, catalysis and hydrogen storage.
This article provides an in-depth analysis of various fabrication methods of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNP), including chemical, biological, and physical techniques. The review explores BNP's diverse uses, from well-known applications such as sensing water treatment and biomedical uses to less-studied areas like breath sensing for diabetes monitoring and hydrogen storage. It cites results from over 1000 researchers worldwide and >300 peer-reviewed articles. Additionally, the article discusses current trends, actionable recommendations, and the importance of synthetic analysis for industry players looking to optimize manufacturing techniques for specific applications. The article also evaluates the pros and cons of various fabrication methods, highlighting the potential of plant extract synthesis for mass production of capped BNPs. However, it warns that this method may not be suitable for certain applications requiring ligand-free surfaces. In contrast, physical methods like laser ablation offer better control and reactivity, especially for applications where ligand-free surfaces are critical. The report underscores the environmental benefits of plant extract synthesis compared to chemical methods that use hazardous chemicals and pose risks to extraction, production, and disposal. The article emphasizes the need for life cycle assessment (LCA) articles in the literature, given the growing volume of research on nanotechnology materials. This article caters to researchers at all stages and applies to various fields applying nanomaterials.
Topics: Metal Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Nanostructures; Catalysis; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 37804661
DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103010 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023The antioxidant activity of a traditional Thai formula has been studied and compared to each plant. The formula comprised the roots of Rottler, (Roxb.) Benth), Lour,...
The antioxidant activity of a traditional Thai formula has been studied and compared to each plant. The formula comprised the roots of Rottler, (Roxb.) Benth), Lour, Gaerth, Kurz, and Pierre. The stem was also studied in comparison. The ethanolic extract from each plant part and the mixed plants mimicking the traditional formula were prepared and investigated for antioxidant capability in vitro via DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. The phytochemical constituents were determined by chemical screening, total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC), and high-performance liquid chromatography. The relationship between antioxidant activity and the contributed phytochemicals was determined using correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that extracts from both parts of the plant formula showed the highest antioxidant activity compared to a single plant extract. Among the six plants, exhibited the highest TPC and antioxidant activity. TPC had a strong positive correlation with antioxidant activity. PCA revealed that gallic acid contributed to the antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the ethanolic extracts of the traditional formula and have the potential for further chemical characterization and study related to antioxidant activity.
Topics: Antioxidants; Ethanol; Flavonoids; Phenols; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Medicine, Traditional; Thailand; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 37686230
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713425 -
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Jan 2024Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, alias "Vishnu Parijat," is a medicinal plant used to treat various inflammation-associated ailments and to combat innumerable infections in the...
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, alias "Vishnu Parijat," is a medicinal plant used to treat various inflammation-associated ailments and to combat innumerable infections in the traditional system of medicine. In the present study, we collected the samples of N. arbor-tristis from the lower Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, India, and carried out their molecular identification through DNA barcoding. To examine the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, we prepared the ethanolic and aqueous extracts (from flowers and leaves) and performed their phytochemical analysis by using different qualitative and quantitative approaches. The phytoextracts showed marked antioxidant potential, as revealed by a comprehensive set of assays. The ethanolic leaf extract showed marked antioxidant potential towards DPPH, ABTS, and NO scavenging (IC = 30.75 ± 0.006, 30.83 ± 0.002, and 51.23 ± 0.009 μg/mL, respectively). We used TLC-bioautography assay to characterize different antioxidant constituents (based on their Rf values) in the chromatograms ran under different mobile phases. For one of the prominent antioxidant spots in TLC bioautography, GC-MS analysis identified cis-9-hexadecenal and n-hexadecanoic acid as the major constituents. Furthermore, in antibacterial study, the ethanolic leaf extract showed marked activity against Aeromonas salmonicida (113.40 mg/mL of extract was equivalent to 100 μg/mL of kanamycin). In contrast, the ethanolic flower extract showed considerable antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (125.85 mg/mL of extract ≡100 μg/mL of kanamycin). This study presents the phylogenetic account and unravels the antioxidant-related properties and antibacterial potential of N. arbor-tristis.
Topics: Plant Extracts; Antioxidants; Phylogeny; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Kanamycin; Oleaceae; Phytochemicals; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 37140779
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04552-4 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Sep 2023Fermentation technology using endophytes is considered a potential alternative approach for producing pharmaceutical compounds like podophyllotoxin (PTOX). In this...
Fermentation technology using endophytes is considered a potential alternative approach for producing pharmaceutical compounds like podophyllotoxin (PTOX). In this study, fungus TQN5T (VCCM 44284) was selected from endophytic fungi isolated from Dysosma versipellis in Vietnam for PTOX production through TLC. The presence of PTOX in TQN5T was further confirmed by HPLC. Molecular identification indicated TQN5T as Fusarium proliferatum with 99.43% identity. This result was asserted by morphological characteristics such as white cottony, filamentous colony, layer and branched mycelium, and clear hyphae septa. Cytotoxic assay indicated both biomass extract and culture filtrate of TQN5T presented strong cytotoxicity on LU-1 and HepG2 with IC50 of 0.11, 0.20, 0.041, and 0071, respectively, implying anti-cancer compounds were accumulated in the mycelium and secreted into the medium. Further, the production of PTOX in TQN5T was investigated in the fermentation condition supplemented with 10 µg/ml of host plant extract or phenylalanine as elicitors. The results revealed a significantly higher amount of PTOX in the PDB + PE and PDB + PA at all studied time points in comparison with PDB (control). Especially, after 168 h of culture, PTOX content in the PDB with plant extract reached the peak with 314 µg/g DW which is 10% higher than the best yield of PTOX in previous studies, denoting F. proliferatum TQN5T as a promising PTOX producer. This is the first study on enhancing the PTOX production in endophytic fungi by supplementing phenylalanine-a precursor for PTOX biosynthesis in plants into fermented media, suggesting a common PTOX biosynthetic pathway between host plant and endophytes. KEY POINTS: • Fusarium proliferatum TQN5T was proven for PTOX production. • Both mycelia extract and spent broth extract of Fusarium proliferatum TQN5T presented strong cytotoxicity on cancer cell lines LU-1 and HepG2. • The supplementation of 10 µg/ml host plant extract and phenylalanine into fermentation media of F. proliferatum TQN5T improved the yield of PTOX.
Topics: Podophyllotoxin; Endophytes; Fusarium; Plant Extracts; Plants
PubMed: 37436482
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12659-1 -
Nigerian Journal of Physiological... Dec 2023Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death globally resulting in 17-19 million death every year. The search for an effective medicine to manage...
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death globally resulting in 17-19 million death every year. The search for an effective medicine to manage cardiovascular disorder without any side effect has led to the use of traditional based medicine. 75% of the world's population has been reported to depend on traditional medicine as their basic form of health care and this has resulted to the use of herbal medicine in the treatment and management of metabolic diseases. The study evaluated the effect of methanolic extract of Ricinus communis on DDVP-induced cardiotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Thirty-two (32) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight (8) rats each. Group A served as control rats, received 10mL/Kg of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and distilled water solution (vehicle) for six weeks. Group B served as DDVP-induced rats and were exposed to DDVP (15 minutes daily) for 3 weeks without any treatment. Group C rats received DDVP as in group B and then administered 300mg/kg of R. communis extract for 42days. While Group D rats were administered 300mg/kg of R. communis extract daily, for 6 weeks in addition to normal feed and water. Exposure to DDVP caused significant cardiac dysfunction evidence by alteration in cardiovascular variables and electrocardiac function, compromised lipid profile and reduced antioxidant enzymes. However, treatment with methanolic extract of Ricinus communis improved antioxidant defense system, attenuate hemodynamic impairment and left ventricular dysfunction, as well as inhibit lipid peroxidation and prevent hyperlipidemia in rats. In addition, histopathology observation showed that Ricinus communis extract was able to regenerate the myocardial injury caused by exposure to dichlorvos. In conclusion, Ricinus communis exhibited cardioprotective properties and may be a potential remedy for cardiovascular diseases with low risk of toxicity.
Topics: Animals; Ricinus; Plant Extracts; Rats, Wistar; Male; Rats; Methanol; Dichlorvos; Cardiovascular Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Antioxidants
PubMed: 38696683
DOI: 10.54548/njps.v38i2.12 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2023Infectious diseases are a serious danger to public health, and plants may be a potential source of novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, the antibacterial and...
Infectious diseases are a serious danger to public health, and plants may be a potential source of novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oil, hexane-chloroform, methanolic, and aqueous extracts of Saussurea costus (S. costus) root were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. For this evaluation, disc diffusion and micro- dilution susceptibility assays were performed. Chemical analysis was also performed to determine phytochemical constituents of the extracts. Our results showed that the essential oil and methanolic extract of S. costus root exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by hexane-chloroform extract, with aqueous extract showing the lowest activity. The highest activity with the lowest MIC value was recorded as 3.12 μl/ml for the essential oil (against S. epidermidis and C. albicans), 3.12 mg/ml for the methanolic extract (against S. aureus), and 6.25 mg/ml for both hexane-chloroform and aqueous extracts (against S. aureus). In general, the tested extracts had moderate to good antimicrobial activity against the tested gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans. S. costus root can be considered as a potential natural source of antimicrobial agents to fight pathogen microorganisms.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Saussurea; Hexanes; Staphylococcus aureus; Chloroform; Plant Extracts; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Methanol; Water; Oils, Volatile
PubMed: 37493699
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320230059 -
Archives of Razi Institute Oct 2023Nanomaterials are characterized by mechanical, thermal, chemical, biological, and other properties that are different from the basic materials that make them up due to...
Nanomaterials are characterized by mechanical, thermal, chemical, biological, and other properties that are different from the basic materials that make them up due to their large surface area to size ratio and quantum effect. There are multiple ways to produce nanomaterials mechanically, chemically, and physically, but they are not safe for the environment. Researchers have sought to find safe methods for the production of nanomaterials, such as green manufacturing, that is, manufacturing nanomaterials from plants. Moreover, there are other sources, such as bacteria or fungi that are used in the production of nanomaterials. This study aimed to try to find an alternative to chemically manufactured drugs, such as those used in the treatment of human cancers, through nanotechnology and from plant sources (green-biosynthesis), which is characterized by abundance and low economic cost. Silver nanoparticles were green-synthesized using an aqueous extract of the licorice plant, their properties were diagnosed, and their differences with the crude aqueous extract were determined. The sizes of nanoparticles were within the range of 60.27-89.80 nm, while the sizes of the crude aqueous extract particles were within the range of 53.96-113.1 nm. Atomic force microscopy was used to find out the shapes, topography, roughness, and protrusions of the surfaces of biosynthesized AgNPs and aqueous extract particles, where the roughness rate of the nanoparticles was 75.54 nm, while it appeared. test of AgNPs showed a higher anti-lung cancer activity against the A549 cell line than that of the extract at an inhibitory concentration for half of the cells used in the experiment (IC) of 58.78 µg/ml while the IC of the extract was 67.44 µg/ml. The results showed that the toxicity of AgNPs on the normal hepatocyte line (WRL68) was less than that of the aqueous extract, with IC concentrations of 244.2 and 147.0 µg/ml, respectively. It is worth mentioning that the lower IC led to higher toxicity.
Topics: Humans; Silver; Metal Nanoparticles; Lung Neoplasms; Plant Extracts; Cell Line
PubMed: 38590680
DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2023.78.5.1624 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024is a wild, perennial woody plant used for diverse therapeutic targets. The present work evaluated the influence of independent variables such as extraction time,...
is a wild, perennial woody plant used for diverse therapeutic targets. The present work evaluated the influence of independent variables such as extraction time, solvent concentration, and speed in the range of (100 mL, 150 mL, and 200 mL), (2 h, 5 h, and 8 h), and (100 rpm, 150 rpm, and 200 rpm), respectively, on extraction yields, phytochemical components, total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoid contents (TFC) of extract. In the present work, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the extraction yield. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to detect the bioactive constituents of the extracts. The potent extracts were analyzed to study α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Under the optimized conditions of solvent concentration (200 mL), extraction time (8 h), and speed (150 rpm), the whole plant methanol extract (WPME) showed a maximum extraction yield of 13.5%, while the leaves methanol extract (LME) showed a maximum TPC of 19.5 ± 44 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per gram of extract and a maximum TFC of 4.78 ± 0.34 mg of quercetin equivalent (QE) per gram of extract. HPLC analysis showed the presence of p-coumaric, gallic acid, quercetin, salicylic acid, sinapic acid, and vanillic acid. LME showed the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity (IC = 46.86 ± 0.21 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC value of 45.81 ± 0.17 µg/mL). Therefore, in conclusion, LME could be considered to fix the α-amylase and α-glucosidase-mediated disorders in the human body to develop herbal phytomedicine.
Topics: Humans; Phlomis; Quercetin; Methanol; alpha-Glucosidases; Plant Extracts; Solvents; alpha-Amylases; Phytochemicals; Gallic Acid; Antioxidants; Flavonoids
PubMed: 38474560
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051049 -
The American Journal of Chinese Medicine 2024The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a degenerative disease of the central nervous system, remains unclear. The main manifestations of AD include cognitive and... (Review)
Review
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a degenerative disease of the central nervous system, remains unclear. The main manifestations of AD include cognitive and behavioral disorders, neuropsychiatric symptoms, neuroinflammation, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. However, current drugs for AD once the dementia stage has been reached only treat symptoms and do not delay progression, and the research and development of targeted drugs for AD have reached a bottleneck. Thus, other treatment options are needed. Bioactive ingredients derived from plants are promising therapeutic agents. Specifically, (Gb) extracts exert anti-oxidant, anticancer, neuroplastic, neurotransmitter-modulating, blood fluidity, and anti-inflammatory effects, offering alternative options in the treatment of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. The main chemical components of Gb include flavonoids, terpene lactones, proanthocyanidins, organic acids, polysaccharides, and amino acids. Gb and its extracts have shown remarkable therapeutic effects on various neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, with few adverse reactions. Thus, high-quality Gb extracts are a well-established treatment option for AD. In this review, we summarize the insights derived from traditional Chinese medicine, experimental models, and emerging clinical trials on the role of Gb and its chemical components in the treatment of the main clinical manifestations of AD.
Topics: Ginkgo biloba; Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Plant Extracts; Phytotherapy; Antioxidants; Animals; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Ginkgo Extract
PubMed: 38654507
DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X24500277