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The Plant Journal : For Cell and... Feb 2024Vegetable oils are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids and energy as well as valuable sources of human food, animal feed, and bioenergy. Triacylglycerols, which... (Review)
Review
Vegetable oils are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids and energy as well as valuable sources of human food, animal feed, and bioenergy. Triacylglycerols, which are comprised of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone, are the main component of vegetable oils. Here, we review the development and application of multiple-level omics in major oilseeds and emphasize the progress in the analysis of the biological roles of key genes underlying seed oil content and quality in major oilseeds. Finally, we discuss future research directions in functional genomics research based on current omics and oil metabolic engineering strategies that aim to enhance seed oil content and quality, and specific fatty acids components according to either human health needs or industrial requirements.
Topics: Humans; Multiomics; Brassica napus; Fatty Acids; Plant Oils; Triglycerides; Seeds
PubMed: 38009661
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16545 -
Waste Management (New York, N.Y.) Aug 2023The use of renewable sources for energy has increased due to the high demand of modern society and the environmental impacts caused by the use of fossil fuels....
The use of renewable sources for energy has increased due to the high demand of modern society and the environmental impacts caused by the use of fossil fuels. Environmentally friendly renewable energy production may involve thermal processes, including the application of biomass. We provide a comprehensive chemical characterization of sludges from domestic and industrial effluent treatment stations, as well as the bio-oils produced by fast pyrolysis. A comparative study of the sludges and the corresponding pyrolysis oils was performed, with characterization of the raw materials using thermogravimetric analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The bio-oils were characterized using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry that identified compounds classified according to their chemical class, mainly related to nitrogenous (62.2%) and ester (18.9%) for domestic sludge bio-oil, and nitrogenous (61.0%) and ester (27.6%) for industrial sludge bio-oil. The Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry revealed a broad distribution of classes with oxygen and/or sulfur (NOS, O, and S classes). Nitrogenous compounds (N, N, N, and NOclasses) were also found to be abundant in both bio-oils, due to the origins of the sludges (with the presence of proteins), making these bio-oils unsuitable for use as renewable fuels, since NOgases could be released during combustion processes. The presence of functionalized alkyl chains indicated the potential of the bio-oils as sources of high added-value compounds that could be obtained by recovery processes and used for the manufacture of fertilizers, surfactants, and nitrogen solvents.
Topics: Sewage; Pyrolysis; Hot Temperature; Oils; Plant Oils; Nitrogen; Oxygen; Biofuels
PubMed: 37311387
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.004 -
PloS One 2023In order to improve the high temperature performance of Vegetable oil recycled asphalt, this study used Polyolefin elastomer (POE) and vegetable oil (VO) to compound...
In order to improve the high temperature performance of Vegetable oil recycled asphalt, this study used Polyolefin elastomer (POE) and vegetable oil (VO) to compound recycled aging asphalt. The properties of recycled asphalt were compared and analyzed by conventional physical properties and high & low temperature rheological tests. The results show that 8% VO content can achieve the best regeneration effect. Based on this VO dosage, a variety of POE/VO combination mixture schemes were designed and tested to obtain excellent deformation resistance of recycled aging asphalt under high temperature environments. The POE/VO combination with an appropriate dosage can restore the high temperature deformation resistance and elastic recovery performance even beyond the pre-aging level, and increase the critical temperature by 4~10°C. Considering the physical properties and rheological properties of asphalt, the recommended ratio of POE/VO composite recycled asphalt is 8% VO+4% POE and 8% VO+6% POE.
Topics: Elastomers; Plant Oils
PubMed: 37943832
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293648 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Olive drupe traits (i.e., ripening index and pericarp water content) and minor components (i.e., phenols and pigments in both fruit and oil) are important for human...
Olive drupe traits (i.e., ripening index and pericarp water content) and minor components (i.e., phenols and pigments in both fruit and oil) are important for human health and are affected by agronomic background. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fruit traits, phenols, and pigments in samples derived from different soil and water management practices. Chromatographic (UHPLC-MS/MS) and spectroscopic (HNMR and near UV-Vis spectroscopy) techniques were employed for the characterization of olive fruits and oils. The use of various techniques allowed the identification of interesting trace compounds. We observed that most of the fruit phenols (a total of 29 compounds) were correlated with the degree of ripening: most of the phenolic acids (and their derivatives), phenolic alcohols, and secoiridoids were negatively correlated, whereas the majority of the studied flavonoids were positively correlated. The relationship between the ripening index and fruit phenolic compounds appears to be dependent on the metabolic pathway that controls the synthesis of each individual compound. Conversely, the secoiridoids and pigments in olive oil showed a negative correlation with pulp moisture, probably because of the influence of the water content on the extractability and transfer in the oil phase of these minor components.
Topics: Humans; Olea; Fruit; Iridoids; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Alcohols; Flavonoids; Water; Olive Oil; Phenols; Plant Oils
PubMed: 37836786
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196943 -
Planta Medica Jul 2023Microbial resistance is an important problem in modern healthcare systems. In addition to drug resistance, the side effects of current antibiotic applications are also...
Microbial resistance is an important problem in modern healthcare systems. In addition to drug resistance, the side effects of current antibiotic applications are also known issues. In this present study, binary combinations of amoxicillin with European Pharmacopoeia quality lavender () and fennel () essential oils were evaluated against human pathogenic microbial strains. The checkerboard method was used to quantify the efficacy of the essential oils in combination with amoxicillin. As an initial result, remarkable antimicrobial activity was observed at relatively low amoxicillin concentrations using different oil combinations against ATCC 6538, ATCC 29212, ATCC 14579, NRRL B-3008, (clinical isolate), respectively. Fractional inhibitory concentrations were calculated and interpreted in terms of addition, synergy, antagonism, or indifferent. A synergistic interaction with the combination essential oil and amoxicillin (fractional inhibitory concentration index = 8.05 × 10) was observed against the pathogens and . Both essential oils together and in combination with amoxicillin showed a synergistic effect with possible future applications.
Topics: Humans; Oils, Volatile; Lavandula; Foeniculum; Plant Oils; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 35789993
DOI: 10.1055/a-1891-1119 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2023Aedes aegypti control is achieved with chemical insecticides that can promote insecticide resistance. In the search for new forms of control, the use of botanical...
Aedes aegypti control is achieved with chemical insecticides that can promote insecticide resistance. In the search for new forms of control, the use of botanical products is currently growing and many tests with oils have already been performed. The plant diversity of Araripe National Forest enables the study of several species against this vector. To evaluate the larvicidal effect of essential oils from plants of this forest, we used field rosemary, copaiba, bay leaf, cashew and pequi. The work was divided into three stages: all oils with the same dosage; the best oil at dosages of 0, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 75 µg/mL; and the best dosage at temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C. The oils of field rosemary, copaiba, bay leaf, cashew and pequi were good insecticides when used at dosages above 5 μg/mL. The bay leaf oil showed high larvicidal activity at all dosages tested, showing the highest efficiency at 75 μg/mL. Temperatures of 15 and 35 °C increased the susceptibility of the insect to the effect of the bay leaf oil. The essential oils of field rosemary, copaiba, bay leaf, cashew and pequi, from Araripe National Forest, applied at a dosage of 5μg/mL, showed insecticidal action, although with low efficiency.
Topics: Animals; Oils, Volatile; Aedes; Insecticides; Larva; Mosquito Vectors; Plant Oils
PubMed: 38055504
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.275062 -
Lasers in Medical Science Apr 2024In recent years, there has been a growing interest in traditional medicinal practices such as Ayurveda, which emphasizes the use of natural ingredients for various...
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in traditional medicinal practices such as Ayurveda, which emphasizes the use of natural ingredients for various therapeutic purposes. Vegetable oils are an integral part of our diet and have several applications in the cosmetics and healthcare industries. These oils have also been prescribed in ancient Ayurveda texts to treat various health problems. Ayurveda prescribes a processing technique called 'Murchana' to improve the therapeutic nature of the oils. Spectroscopic techniques have been used for quality assessment in many fields. High sensitivity and a low detection rate make spectroscopy a formidable analytical technique. This study focusses on the spectroscopic analysis of sesame and mustard oils prepared using the ayurvedic processing method 'Murchana'. Spectroscopic analysis techniques including UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy were employed to study the oils. Origin software was used to plot graphs of the spectra. The results indicated that the murchana process may reduce the components of the oil responsible for its oxidation, thereby increasing the shelf life of the oils. However, further investigations, including other spectroscopy and chromatography techniques, will prove beneficial in ascertaining the effects of the murchana process on vegetable oils. The study's findings also suggest that spectroscopic techniques can be used to supplement chemical techniques to investigate the characteristics of vegetable oils.
Topics: Mustard Plant; Sesamum; Plant Oils; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 38602564
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04050-x -
Veterinary Parasitology Jul 2023Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus represents a significant obstacle to animal productivity in tropical and subtropical areas, leading to considerable economic losses...
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus represents a significant obstacle to animal productivity in tropical and subtropical areas, leading to considerable economic losses for the dairy and meat production industries. Essential oils (EO) extracted from Ageratum conyzoides are known to cause death and induce morphogenetic abnormalities in several insect species. This plant, however, presents morphological flower variations, which range from white to purple, associated to different chemotypes. In this context, this study aimed to conduct a novel assessment on the effects of EO extracted from two A. conyzoides chemotypes in the control of the bovine tick R. microplus. The primary constituents of the oil obtained from white flower samples (WFs) were precocene I (80.4 %) and (E)-caryophyllene (14.8 %), while purple flower oil samples (PFs) contained predominantly β-acoradiene (12.9 %), γ-amorphene (12.3 %), α-pinene (9.9 %), bicyclogermacrene (8.9 %), α-santalene (8.7 %), and andro encecalinol (5.6 %). Interestingly, only the EO chemotype from A. conyzoides PFs displayed acaricidal activity towards R. microplus larvae, with an LC of 1.49 mg/mL.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Oils, Volatile; Ageratum; Rhipicephalus; Lethal Dose 50; Larva; Coleoptera; Acaricides; Plant Oils
PubMed: 37178553
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109942 -
Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A,... Sep 2023The rising concern about the presence of 3-monochloropropane 1,2 diol ester (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl ester (GE) in food has prompted much research to be conducted. Some... (Review)
Review
The rising concern about the presence of 3-monochloropropane 1,2 diol ester (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl ester (GE) in food has prompted much research to be conducted. Some process modifications and the use of specific chemicals have been employed to mitigate both 3-MCPDE and GE. Alkalisation using NaOH, KOH, alkali metals or alkaline earth metals and post sparging with steam or ethanol and short path distillation have shown simultaneous mitigation of 51-91% in 3-MCPDE and of 13-99% in GE, both contaminants achieved below 1000 µg/kg. Some of the mitigation methods have resulted in undesirable deterioration in other parameters of the refined oil. When the processed oil is used in food processing, it results in changes to 3-MCPDE and GE. Repeated deep frying above 170 °C in the presence of NaCl and baking at 200 °C with flavouring (dried garlic and onion), resulted in increased 3-MCPDE. Repeated frying in the presence of antioxidants (TBHQ, rosemary and phenolics) decreased 3-MCPDE in processed food. The GE content in foods tends to decline with time, indicating instability of GE's epoxide ring.
Topics: Palm Oil; Esters; Food Handling; alpha-Chlorohydrin; Plant Oils
PubMed: 37549246
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2235608 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023The adulteration of olive oil is a crucial matter for food safety authorities, global organizations, and consumers. To guarantee olive oil authenticity, the European...
The adulteration of olive oil is a crucial matter for food safety authorities, global organizations, and consumers. To guarantee olive oil authenticity, the European Union (EU) has promoted the labeling of olive oils with the indices of Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Identification (PGI), while food security agencies are also interested in newly emerging technologies capable of operating reliably, fast, and in real-time, either in situ or remotely, for quality control. Among the proposed methods, photonic technologies appear to be suitable and promising for dealing with this issue. In this regard, a laser-based technique, namely, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), assisted via machine learning tools, is proposed for the real-time detection of olive oil adulteration with lower-quality oils (i.e., pomace, soybean, sunflower, and corn oils). The results of the present work demonstrate the high efficiency and potential of the LIBS technique for the rapid detection of olive oil adulteration and the detection of adulterants.
Topics: Olive Oil; Spectrum Analysis; Food Contamination; Food Safety; Lasers; Plant Oils
PubMed: 38138450
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247960