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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023is an annual herb of the Labiatae family and is widely grown in several countries in Asia. is a plant that is used medicinally in its entirety, as seen in its... (Review)
Review
is an annual herb of the Labiatae family and is widely grown in several countries in Asia. is a plant that is used medicinally in its entirety, as seen in its subdivision into perilla seeds, perilla stalks, and perilla leaves, which vary more markedly in their chemical composition. Several studies have shown that has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, detoxifying, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective. In the absence of a review of for the treatment of cancer. This review provides an overview of the chemical composition and molecular mechanisms of for cancer treatment. It was found that the main active components of producing cancer therapeutic effects were perilla aldehyde (PAH), rosmarinic acid (Ros A), lignan, and isoestrogen (IK). In addition to these, extracts of the leaves and fruits of are also included. Among these, perilla seed oil (PSO) has a preventive effect against colorectal cancer due to the presence of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This review also provides new ideas and thoughts for scientific innovation and clinical applications related to .
Topics: Perilla frutescens; Perilla; Plant Extracts; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Antioxidants; Plant Leaves; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37570851
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155883 -
Natural Product Research Dec 2023Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (GMR) is a traditional Chinese herb with the function of dispelling wind and dampness, and removing damp heat. Currently, it is reported in... (Review)
Review
Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (GMR) is a traditional Chinese herb with the function of dispelling wind and dampness, and removing damp heat. Currently, it is reported in the literature that GMR mainly contains iridoids and secoiridoids, in addition to triterpenoids, flavonoids, lignans, steroids, alkaloids and other chemical components. Among them, iridoids and secoiridoids are the main active ingredients of GMR. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that GMR has pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and cardioprotective. In clinical practice, GMR is mainly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, stroke and other related diseases with good therapeutic effects. Currently, there are few literature reports on the GMR research progress. Therefore, this paper provides a review of the chemical composition, pharmacological activity and clinical applications of GMR to provide some scientific basis for the further development of plant resources.
PubMed: 38146635
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2298724 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology May 2024Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PRR) is the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall, which has been widely used to anti-thrombotic, lipid-lowering, anti-spasmodic, antioxidant,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PRR) is the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall, which has been widely used to anti-thrombotic, lipid-lowering, anti-spasmodic, antioxidant, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and anti-tumor in Chinese clinical practice. Recent research has demonstrated that PRR plays a significant anti-tumor role in animal models of tumor-bearing.
AIM OF THE STUDY
There has not been the evaluation of the anti-tumor effects of PRR. This study conducts a meta-analysis to assess the anti-tumor efficacy of PRR on animal models, providing scientific evidence for clinical application of PRR in the adjuvant therapy of tumors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
English databases (PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science) and Chinese databases (CNKI, WanFang, SinoMed, CTSJ-VIP) were used to search all pertinent animal studies investigating the anti-tumor effects of PRR and its extracts. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the SYRCLE animal experiment risk assessment tool, and statistical analysis was carried out using Revman 5.3 software. Egger's test and funnel plots were used to assess potential publication bias in the studies.
RESULTS
The initial search produced a total of 3905 potentially pertinent studies, and 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies included animal tumor models of hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, sarcoma, bladder cancer, leukemia, colon cancer, glioblastoma, and pancreatic cancer. The meta-analysis findings demonstrated that both PRR and its extracts significantly inhibited tumor growth in animals. Compared with the control group, PRR substantively inhibited tumor volume (SMD, -3.09; 95% CI, [-4.05, -2.13]; P < 0.0001), reduced tumor weight (SMD, -1.08; 95% CI, [-1.37, -0.78]; P < 0.0001), decreased tumor number (SMD, -2.16; 95% CI, [-3.45, -0.86]; P = 0.001), and prolonged the survival duration time (SMD, 0.97; 95% CI, [0.23, 1.71]; P = 0.01) on the experimental animals.
CONCLUSIONS
PRR displayed a potential therapeutic efficacy on eight tumors in animal models including hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, sarcoma, bladder cancer, leukemia, colon cancer, glioblastoma, and pancreatic cancer. However, the quality and quantity of included studies may affect the accuracy of positive results. In the future, more high-quality randomized controlled animal experiments are need for meta-analysis.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Glioblastoma; Lung Neoplasms; Models, Animal; Liver Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Leukemia; Colonic Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Plant Extracts; Paeonia
PubMed: 38423407
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117987 -
F1000Research 2023Natural compounds extracted from medicinal plants have recently gained attention in therapeutics as they are considered to have lower Toxicity and higher tolerability... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Natural compounds extracted from medicinal plants have recently gained attention in therapeutics as they are considered to have lower Toxicity and higher tolerability relative to chemically synthesized compounds. Bakuchiol from L. is one such compound; it is a type of meroterpene derived from the leaves and seeds of plants. Natural sources of bakuchiol have been used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine for centuries due to its preventive benefits against tumors and inflammation. It plays a strong potential role as an antioxidant with impressive abilities to remove Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). This review has focused on bakuchiol's extraction, therapeutic applications, and pharmacological benefits.
METHODS
A search strategy has been followed to retrieve the relevant newly published literature on the pharmacological benefits of bakuchiol. After an extensive study of the retrieved articles and maintaining the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 110 articles were finally selected for this review.
RESULTS
Strong support of primary research on the protective effects via antitumorigenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities are delineated.
CONCLUSIONS
From ancient to modern life, medicinal plants have always been drawing the attention of human beings to alleviate ailments for a healthy and balanced lifestyle. This review is a comprehensive approach to highlighting bona fide essential pharmacological benefits and mechanisms underlying their therapeutic applications.
Topics: Humans; Plant Extracts; Psoralea; Plants, Medicinal; Fabaceae; Antioxidants
PubMed: 38021404
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129072.2 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024To investigate and systematically describe the mechanism of action of () against digestive system tumors and related toxicity reduction. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To investigate and systematically describe the mechanism of action of () against digestive system tumors and related toxicity reduction.
METHODS
This study briefly describes the history of medicinal food and the pharmacological effects of , focusing on the review of the anti-digestive tumor effects of the active ingredients of and the mechanism of its toxicity reduction.
RESULTS
The active ingredients of may exert anti-tumor effects by inducing the apoptosis of cancer cells, inhibiting angiogenesis, inhibiting the migration and invasion of tumor cells, and inhibiting autophagy. In addition, active ingredients inhibit the release of inflammatory factors and macrophages and increase the level of indicators of oxidative stress through the modulation of target genes in the pathway to achieve the effect of toxicity reduction.
CONCLUSION
The active ingredients in the medicine food homology plant not only treat digestive system tumors through different mechanisms but also reduce the toxic effects. is worthy of being explored more deeply.
Topics: Prunella; Humans; Plant Extracts; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Animals; Oxidative Stress; Antineoplastic Agents
PubMed: 38675663
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081843 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2023The presence of microorganism communities (MOCs) comprised of bacteria, fungi, archaea, algae, protozoa, viruses, and the like, are ubiquitous in all living tissue,... (Review)
Review
Plants against cancer: the immune-boosting herbal microbiome: not of the plant, but in the plant. Basic concepts, introduction, and future resource for vaccine adjuvant discovery.
The presence of microorganism communities (MOCs) comprised of bacteria, fungi, archaea, algae, protozoa, viruses, and the like, are ubiquitous in all living tissue, including plant and animal. MOCs play a significant role in establishing innate and acquired immunity, thereby influencing susceptibility and resistance to disease. This understanding has fostered substantial advancements in several fields such as agriculture, food science/safety, and the development of vaccines/adjuvants, which rely on administering inactivated-attenuated MOC pathogens. Historical evidence dating back to the 1800s, including reports by Drs Busch, Coley, and Fehleisen, suggested that acute febrile infection in response to "specific microbes" could trigger spontaneous tumor remission in humans. This discovery led to the purposeful administration of the same attenuated strains, known as "Coley's toxin," marking the onset of the first microbial (pathogen) associated molecular pattern (MAMPs or PAMPs)-based tumor immunotherapy, used clinically for over four decades. Today, these same MAMPS are consumed orally by billions of consumers around the globe, through "specific" mediums (immune boosting "herbal supplements") as carriers of highly concentrated MOCs accrued in roots, barks, hulls, sea algae, and seeds. The American Herbal Products Association (AHPA) mandates microbial reduction in botanical product processing but does not necessitate the removal of dead MAMP laden microbial debris, which we ingest. Moreover, while existing research has focused on the immune-modulating role of plant phytochemicals, the actual immune-boosting properties might instead reside solely in the plant's MOC MAMP laden biomass. This assertion is logical, considering that antigenic immune-provoking epitopes, not phytochemicals, are known to stimulate immune response. This review explores a neglected area of research regarding the immune-boosting effects of the herbal microbiome - a presence which is indirectly corroborated by various peripheral fields of study and poses a fundamental question: Given that food safety focuses on the elimination of harmful pathogens and crop science acknowledges the existence of plant microbiomes, what precisely are the immune effects of ingesting MAMPs of diverse structural composition and concentration, and where are these distributed in our botanicals? We will discuss the topic of concentrated edible MAMPs as acid and thermally stable motifs found in specific herbs and how these would activate cognate pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) in the upper gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), including Peyer's patches and the lamina propria, to boost antibody titers, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, NK activity, hematopoiesis, and facilitating M2 to M1 macrophage phenotype transition in a similar manner as vaccines. This new knowledge could pave the way for developing bioreactor-grown/heat-inactivated MOC therapies to boost human immunity against infections and improve tumor surveillance.
PubMed: 37588095
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1180084 -
ACS Nano Jan 2024Oral administration is the most preferred approach for treating colon diseases, and vaccination has emerged as a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. However, the...
Oral administration is the most preferred approach for treating colon diseases, and vaccination has emerged as a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. However, the lack of effective drug delivery platforms hampered the application of vaccination strategy in oral treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we construct an oral core-shell nanomedicine by preparing a silk fibroin-based dual sonosensitizer (chlorin e6, Ce6)- and immunoadjuvant (imiquimod, R837)-loaded nanoparticle as the core, with its surface coated with plant-extracted lipids and pluronic F127 (p). The resultant nanomedicines (Ce6/R837@LpNPs) maintain stability during their passage through the gastrointestinal tract and exert improved locomotor activities under ultrasound irradiation, achieving efficient colonic mucus infiltration and specific tumor penetration. Thereafter, Ce6/R837@LpNPs induce immunogenic death of colorectal tumor cells by sonodynamic treatment, and the generated neoantigens in the presence of R837 serve as a potent vaccine. By integrating with immune checkpoint blockades, the combined treatment modality inhibits orthotopic tumors, eradicates distant tumors, and modulates intestinal microbiota. As the first oral vaccination, this work spotlights a robust oral nanoplatform for producing a personalized vaccine against CRC.
Topics: Humans; Imiquimod; Cell Line, Tumor; Nanomedicine; Colorectal Neoplasms; Nanoparticles; Vaccines; Vaccination; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 38241481
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11436 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Jan 2024Cancer immunotherapy using anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies has been used in various clinical applications and achieved certain results. However, such... (Review)
Review
Cancer immunotherapy using anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies has been used in various clinical applications and achieved certain results. However, such limitations as autoimmunity, tumor hyperprogression, and overall low patient response rate impede its further clinical application. Mounting evidence has revealed that PD-L1 is not only present in tumor cell membrane but also in cytoplasm, exosome, or even nucleus. Among these, the dynamic and spatial heterogeneous expression of PD-L1 in tumors is mainly responsible for the unsatisfactory efficacy of PD-L1 antibodies. Hence, numerous studies focus on inhibiting or degrading PD-L1 to improve immune response, while a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying spatial heterogeneity of PD-L1 can fundamentally transform the current status of PD-L1 antibodies in clinical development. Herein, the concept of spatial heterogeneous expression of PD-L1 is creatively introduced, encompassing the structure and biological functions of various kinds of PD-L1 (including mPD-L1, cPD-L1, nPD-L1, and exoPD-L1). Then an in-depth analysis of the regulatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of PD-L1 is provided, seeking to offer a solid basis for future investigation. Moreover, the current status of agents is summarized, especially small molecular modulators development directed at these new targets, offering a novel perspective on potential PD-L1 therapeutics strategies.
Topics: Humans; B7-H1 Antigen; Neoplasms; Immunotherapy; Antibodies; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
PubMed: 37934012
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303175 -
Phytomedicine : International Journal... Jul 2024Differentiation therapy, a highly regarded treatment method in tumor research, aims to induce tumor cells to differentiate back to normal cells, deviating from the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Differentiation therapy, a highly regarded treatment method in tumor research, aims to induce tumor cells to differentiate back to normal cells, deviating from the malignant pathway and returning to a benign state. Its development relies on the continuous discovery of efficient and low-toxic differentiation inducers, including plant-derived active components that offer significant biological utilization and therapeutic potential. For this reason, the exploration of plant-derived inducers, particularly in their application in differentiation therapy, holds great promise in advancing cancer treatment strategies toward more effective and safer alternatives.
PURPOSE
This paper aims to provide a valuable reference for researchers seeking to identify natural, efficient, and low-toxic differentiation inducers from plants and highlights a promising research direction for the application of differentiation therapy in malignant tumor treatment.
METHODS
For the collection of pertinent information, an extensive search was conducted across diverse literature and electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, CNKI, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar. This comprehensive approach aimed to retrieve and include all relevant literature from 1985 to 2023. Primary keywords such as "Natural medicinal plant," "Differentiation therapy," and "Differentiation inducer" were utilized, supplemented by secondary search terms including "Cancer," "Tumor," "Herbal medicine," "Induced differentiation," and "Cancer treatment."
RESULTS
This study systematically evaluated the application of plant-derived inducers in tumor-induced differentiation therapy. Through extensive literature review, specific plant components with confirmed differentiation-inducing properties were identified. Furthermore, potential molecular mechanisms underlying this process were outlined, shedding light on the future development of differentiation therapy in cancer treatment.
CONCLUSION
Plant-derived active components exhibit substantial biological utility and therapeutic potential. Delving deeper into the research on these components as differentiation inducers holds promise for the selection of novel cancer drugs and the unveiling of novel pathways for cancer treatment. These results emphasize the importance of continued exploration and in-depth research into natural, efficient, and low-toxic differentiation inducers from plants, which could significantly advance cancer treatment strategies. Moreover, the highlighted research direction underscores the relevance of differentiation therapy in the context of malignant tumor treatment, indicating its potential as a safer and more effective alternative in cancer therapy.
Topics: Humans; Cell Differentiation; Plants, Medicinal; Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 38763009
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155749 -
Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Sep 2023Invasive glioma usually disrupts the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), making the delivery of nanodrugs across the BBB possible, but sufficient targeting...
Invasive glioma usually disrupts the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), making the delivery of nanodrugs across the BBB possible, but sufficient targeting ability is still avidly needed to improve drug accumulation in glioma. Membrane-bound heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is expressed on the membrane of glioma cells rather than adjacent normal cells, therefore it can serve as a specific glioma target. Meanwhile, prolonging the retention in tumors is important for active-targeting nanoparticles to overcome receptor-binding barriers. Herein, the Hsp70-targeting and acid-triggered self-assembled gold nanoparticles (D-A-DA/TPP) are proposed to realize selective delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to glioma. In the weakly acidic glioma matrix, D-A-DA/TPP formed aggregates to prolong retention, improve receptor-binding efficiency and facilitate acid-responsive DOX release. DOX accumulation in glioma induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) to promote antigen presentation. Meanwhile, combination with the PD-1 checkpoint blockade further activate T cells and provokes robust anti-tumor immunity. The results showed that D-A-DA/TPP can induce more glioma apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo studies indicated D-A-DA/TPP plus PD-1 checkpoint blockade significantly improved median survival time. This study offeres a potential nanocarrier combining size-tunable strategy with active targeting ability to increase drug enrichment in glioma and synergizes with PD-1 checkpoint blockade to achieve chemo-immunotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; Gold; Metal Nanoparticles; Glioma; Doxorubicin; Nanoparticles; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 37222118
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300570