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Academic Radiology Feb 2024What is play and why does it matter for radiologists? Play can take many forms in the workplace, including organic, managed, task-related, diversionary, and resistive... (Review)
Review
What is play and why does it matter for radiologists? Play can take many forms in the workplace, including organic, managed, task-related, diversionary, and resistive forms of play, and play may also take the form of authentic self-expression and creation. In this review article, we will discuss the benefits of play including improved problem solving, gaining perspective, and stress reduction, and also provide low-tech and high-tech examples of beneficial play for the radiology team in work and personal contexts.
Topics: Humans; Radiologists; Workplace
PubMed: 38401981
DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.11.039 -
Clinics in Dermatology 2023Emerging evidence highlights the gut-skin microbiota as a potential therapeutic target for the management of inflammatory-driven cutaneous diseases as well as the... (Review)
Review
Emerging evidence highlights the gut-skin microbiota as a potential therapeutic target for the management of inflammatory-driven cutaneous diseases as well as the interconnection of the gut-skin microbiota in disease pathogenesis and progression. Although not fully understood, recent research has indicated that commensal microbiota and the interaction of the gut-skin axis play an important role in maintaining skin homeostasis. Dysbiosis and disruption of the skin-gut microbiome may lead to impaired skin barrier function, thus triggering downstream inflammatory responses involved in the development of inflammatory skin disorders, especially in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and hidradenitis suppurativa. The skin microbiome may also serve as adjunctive therapeutic modalities for treatment. Herein, we review the latest reports on the interrelationship between microbial dysbiosis and inflammatory cutaneous diseases as well as emerging microbiome-directed therapeutics in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and hidradenitis suppurativa.
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Dysbiosis; Skin; Psoriasis; Microbiota
PubMed: 37816413
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2023.09.019 -
Nutrients Oct 2023Diabetes is a disease in which lifestyle-based interventions, including recommendations for a healthy diet, play a critical role, and many countries have established...
Diabetes is a disease in which lifestyle-based interventions, including recommendations for a healthy diet, play a critical role, and many countries have established their own nutritional guidelines [...].
Topics: Humans; Diet; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet, Healthy; Life Style
PubMed: 37892390
DOI: 10.3390/nu15204314 -
Journal of Asthma and Allergy 2023Music therapy (MT) is a common modality that performs a complementary and integrative role along with standard treatments for many pediatric diseases. This article... (Review)
Review
Music therapy (MT) is a common modality that performs a complementary and integrative role along with standard treatments for many pediatric diseases. This article briefly reviewed the effects of MT on children aged 5-11 years old and adolescents with asthma from previous studies, specified its functional target towards asthma symptoms, and sorted out the design and investigation of selected research. Medline/PubMed, Embase, SportDis-cus, Cochrane Library, Teacher Reference Centre, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, PsycARTICLES, and Scopus were queried for experimental and observational studies published between 1990 and 2021. Then, researchers showed that MT lessened patients' asthma symptoms, improved medication compliance, pulmonary function, and quality of life, and helped children and their parents manage anxiety and depression. This article may serve as a reference for clinical research for pediatric asthma therapies and lay the foundation for future research on MT and its clinical practice.
PubMed: 37814635
DOI: 10.2147/JAA.S414060 -
The American Journal of Occupational... Jul 2024Play has been viewed as a critical occupation supporting health since the founding of occupational therapy, but the complexity of play presents challenges to scholars...
IMPORTANCE
Play has been viewed as a critical occupation supporting health since the founding of occupational therapy, but the complexity of play presents challenges to scholars who study adults. Researchers in occupational science and occupational therapy often address experiential qualities of occupations, including those considered to be play. However, the literature lacks clear descriptions of what constitutes adult play as well as the experiences of adults during preferred activities.
OBJECTIVE
To contribute to the body of knowledge on the wide range of preferred activities adults in the United States pursue and may perceive as play experiences. We refer to these activities as adult play because they contain experiential qualities of play described in key play literature.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional survey study.
SETTING
A 31-item survey, the Daily Occupational Experience Survey-revised (DOESr), was uploaded to Qualtrics for data collection using snowball sampling. The online survey link was distributed to participants aged 18-64 years.
PARTICIPANTS
The survey was completed by 491 participants. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract the most prevalent patterns of play experiences reported. Internal consistency and content validity were also examined.
RESULTS
The factor analysis yielded an optimal solution of five factors representing distinct patterns of adult play experiences: Creativity-Adventure, Restoration, Deep Engagement, Ludos, and Mastery.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The five factors identified by the DOESr represent distinct patterns of adult play experiences. The DOESr demonstrated acceptable internal consistency for three of the five factors as well as for the overall tool. Plain-Language Summary: Previous research on adult occupations has not addressed the array of experiences that adults seek or enjoy while engaging in play. This study identified five patterns of adult play experiences. Understanding these patterns may assist occupational therapy practitioners when tailoring clients' play experiences to promote optimal health and well-being.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Play and Playthings; Adolescent; Occupational Therapy; Surveys and Questionnaires; Factor Analysis, Statistical; United States; Creativity
PubMed: 38899950
DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050436 -
Human Gene Therapy Sep 2023Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disease characterized by defects in motile cilia, which play an important role in several organ systems. Lung disease is a... (Review)
Review
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disease characterized by defects in motile cilia, which play an important role in several organ systems. Lung disease is a hallmark of PCD, given the essential role of cilia in airway surface defense. Diagnosis of PCD is complicated due to its reliance on complex tests that are not utilized by every clinic and also its phenotypic overlap with several other respiratory diseases. Nonetheless, PCD is increasingly being recognized as more common than once thought. The disease is genetically complex, with several genes reported to be associated with PCD. There is no cure for PCD, but gene therapy remains a promising therapeutic strategy. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical symptoms, diagnosis, genetics, and current treatment regimens for PCD. We also describe PCD model systems and discuss the therapeutic potential of different gene therapeutics for targeting the intended cellular target, the ciliated cells of the airway.
Topics: Humans; Cilia; Genetic Therapy; Models, Biological; Ciliary Motility Disorders
PubMed: 37624733
DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.102 -
Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics Dec 2023Many patients experience vestibular dysfunction following a sport-related concussion (SRC). Vestibular rehabilitation therapy has recently become more well established....
OBJECTIVE
Many patients experience vestibular dysfunction following a sport-related concussion (SRC). Vestibular rehabilitation therapy has recently become more well established. In a cohort of athletes with SRC, the authors sought to 1) assess the relationship between symptoms at the initial clinic visit and time to referral for vestibular therapy, and 2) evaluate whether earlier referral to vestibular therapy was associated with faster recovery, as defined as days to return to learn (RTL), symptom resolution (SR), and return to play (RTP).
METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a regional multidisciplinary concussion center's database. Patients aged 12-23 years diagnosed with SRC who received vestibular rehabilitation therapy between October 2017 and October 2021 were included. Demographics and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) scores were extracted. The independent variable of interest was time to vestibular therapy referral. The three outcome variables were RTL, SR, and RTP. Spearman's rho correlation (rho) was used to evaluate the relationship between total PCSS score and individual symptoms (balance problems, blurred vision, and dizziness) and time to referral for vestibular therapy. Multivariable linear regression was performed to determine the impact of time to vestibular therapy on the three outcomes of RTL, SR, and RTP. Covariates included initial symptom burden, age, and prior concussions.
RESULTS
Forty-two concussed athletes were referred for vestibular therapy (mean age 16.8 ± 2.7 years; 54.8% female). The mean time from concussion to the initial clinic visit was 22.4 ± 20.2 days, and the mean time from the initial clinic visit to vestibular therapy referral was 4.9 ± 11.3 days. Initial total PCSS scores (rho[37] = 0.05, p = 0.78) and individual symptoms, including balance problems (rho[33] = -0.004, p = 0.98), blurred vision (rho[34] = -0.17, p = 0.33), and dizziness (rho[33] = 0.07, p = 0.67), were not correlated with time to referral for vestibular therapy. Multivariable linear regression analysis found that earlier vestibular therapy referral was predictive of shorter days to SR (p = 0.002) and RTP (p = 0.02) but not RTL (p = 0.59).
CONCLUSIONS
In athletes with SRC referred for vestibular therapy, earlier vestibular therapy referral was significantly associated with faster time to RTP and SR. Future investigations should focus on identifying common postconcussive signs and symptoms that serve as indications for referral to vestibular therapy.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Male; Athletic Injuries; Retrospective Studies; Dizziness; Brain Concussion; Post-Concussion Syndrome; Athletes
PubMed: 37724838
DOI: 10.3171/2023.7.PEDS23172 -
Human Gene Therapy Oct 2023Immunoglobulin E, complement, and eosinophils play an important role in host defense, but dysfunction of each of these components can lead to a variety of human... (Review)
Review
Immunoglobulin E, complement, and eosinophils play an important role in host defense, but dysfunction of each of these components can lead to a variety of human disorders. In this review, we summarize how investigators have adapted gene therapy and antisense technology to modulate immunoglobulin E, complement, and/or eosinophil levels to treat these disorders.
Topics: Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Eosinophils; Complement System Proteins
PubMed: 37672523
DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.039 -
Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) Oct 2023This article is an overview of chronic demyelinating neuropathies and highlights the phenotypic categorization, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic immune-mediated...
OBJECTIVE
This article is an overview of chronic demyelinating neuropathies and highlights the phenotypic categorization, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic immune-mediated neuropathies. The clinical and diagnostic characteristics of other chronic demyelinating neuropathies that are common mimics of immune-mediated neuropathies are also discussed.
LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
The underlying pathophysiology of chronic demyelinating neuropathies is heterogeneous, and components of both humoral and cellular immune responses are thought to play a role in the immune-mediated types of chronic demyelinating neuropathy. The role of the humoral response is highlighted with a specific focus on the relatively recent discovery of antibody-mediated antinodal and paranodal demyelinating neuropathies. Additionally, new diagnostic criteria for some of the chronic demyelinating neuropathies, as well as ways to differentiate chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy from other chronic demyelinating polyneuropathies, are discussed.
ESSENTIAL POINTS
Chronic demyelinating neuropathies can present with overlapping clinical characteristics with seemingly subtle variations. It is clinically important to differentiate these types of neuropathies because the treatment and management can vary and affect prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Polyneuropathies; Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating; Autoantibodies
PubMed: 37851034
DOI: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001290 -
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Jul 2023Rho guanosine triphosphatases (Rho GTPases), as members of the Ras superfamily, are GDP/GTP binding proteins that behave as molecular switches for the transduction of... (Review)
Review
Rho guanosine triphosphatases (Rho GTPases), as members of the Ras superfamily, are GDP/GTP binding proteins that behave as molecular switches for the transduction of signals from external stimuli. Rho GTPases play essential roles in a number of cellular processes including cell cycle, cell polarity as well as cell migration. The dysregulations of Rho GTPases are related with various diseases, especially with cancers. Accumulating evidence supports that Rho GTPases play important roles in cancer development and progression. Rho GTPases become potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. And a number of inhibitors targeting Rho GTPases have been developed. In this review, we discuss their structural features, summarize their roles in cancer, and focus on the recent progress of their inhibitors, which are beneficial for the drug discovery targeting Rho GTPases.
Topics: Humans; rho GTP-Binding Proteins; Neoplasms; Drug Discovery; Cell Cycle; Cell Movement
PubMed: 37253305
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117337