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Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing... Dec 2023To explore theepidemiological characteristics and analyse the survival of pneumoconiosis in Chengdu from 2011 to 2021, providing scientific evidence for further...
To explore theepidemiological characteristics and analyse the survival of pneumoconiosis in Chengdu from 2011 to 2021, providing scientific evidence for further prevention and control. In April 2022, the pneumoconiosis report card of Chengdu from 2012 to 2021 and survival data were collected from the China Disease Control and prevention information system and the occupational pneumoconiosis follow-up survey project.The data of the report card was reorganized and analyzed by R4.4.0 software. Chi-square test was used to compare the case composition ratio between groups. The annual trend of the number of new pneumo coniosis cases was analyzed by linear regression model Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis and log-rank test was used for comparison of survival curves between groups. 816 cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Chengdu from 2011 to 2021, including 522 cases of stage Ⅰ (63.97%, 522/816), 148 cases of stage Ⅱ (18.14%, 148/816) and 146 cases of stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis (17.89146/816) ; There were 596 cases of silicosis (73.04%, 596/816), 143 cases of coal worker's pneumoconiosis (17.52%, 143/816). New onset pneumoconiosis was mainly male (810 cases, 99.26%). The median age of diagnosis and the 25th and 75th percentile were 63 (51-71) years old, the median length of dust exposure were 12.00 (5.92-28.00) years, and the types of work were mainly rock drillers (24.63%, 201/816), tunneling workers (19.36%, 158/816) and coal miners (13.60%, 111/816). Among 816 cases of new pneumoconiosis, 35 cases were lost to follow-up (4.29%, 35/816), 605 cases survived and 176 cases died. The 5-year survival rate was 78.6% and the 10-year survival rate was 65.8%. The number of pneumoconiosis reported in Chengdu was relatively stable in recent years. The main type of pneumoconiosis was silicosis, which was concentrated in regions, industries and types of work. We should continue to strengthen the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Aged; Female; Pneumoconiosis; Silicosis; Anthracosis; Survival Analysis; Cardiology
PubMed: 38195229
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20221008-00466 -
Heart & Lung : the Journal of Critical... 2024Multiple studies have highlighted a potential link between gut microbes and the onset of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH). Nonetheless, the precise cause-and-effect...
BACKGROUND
Multiple studies have highlighted a potential link between gut microbes and the onset of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH). Nonetheless, the precise cause-and-effect relationship remains uncertain.
OBJECTIVES
In this investigation, we utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) approach to probe the presence of a causal connection between gut microbiota and PAH.
METHODS
Genome-wide association (GWAS) data for gut microbiota and PAH were sourced from MiBioGen and FinnGen research, respectively. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the primary method to explore the causal effect between gut flora and PAH, supplemented by MR-Egger, weighted median (WM). Sensitivity analyses examined the robustness of the MR results. Reverse MR analysis was used to rule out the effect of reverse causality on the results.
RESULTS
The results indicate that Genus Ruminococcaceae UCG004 (OR = 0.407, P = 0.031) and Family Alcaligenaceae (OR = 0.244, P = 0.014) were protective factors for PAH. Meanwhile Genus Lactobacillus (OR = 2.446, P = 0.013), Class Melainabacteria (OR = 2.061, P = 0.034), Phylum Actinobacteria (OR = 3.406, P = 0.010), Genus Victivallis (OR = 1.980, P = 0.010), Genus Dorea (OR = 3.834, P = 0.024) and Genus Slackia (OR = 2.622, P = 0.039) were associated with an increased Prevalence of PAH. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy were not detected by sensitivity analyses, while there was no reverse causality for these nine specific gut microorganisms.
CONCLUSIONS
This study explores the causal effects of eight gut microbial taxa on PAH and provides new ideas for early prevention of PAH.
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
PubMed: 38290183
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.01.002 -
Journal of Controlled Release :... Dec 2023Silicosis is a serious silica-induced respiratory disease for which there is currently no effective treatment. Irreversible pulmonary fibrosis caused by persistent...
Silicosis is a serious silica-induced respiratory disease for which there is currently no effective treatment. Irreversible pulmonary fibrosis caused by persistent inflammation is the main feature of silicosis. As an underlying mechanism, acetylation regulated by histone deacetylases (HDACs) are believed to be closely associated with persistent inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. However, details of the mechanisms associated with the regulation of acetylated modification in silicosis have yet to be sufficiently established. Furthermore, studies on the efficient delivery of DNA to lung tissues by nebulized inhalation for the treatment of silicosis are limited. In this study, we established a mouse model of silicosis successfully. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the lung tissues of silicosis and control mice were identified based on transcriptomic analysis, and HDAC10 was the only DEG among the HDACs. Acetylomic and combined acetylomic/proteomic analysis were performed and found that the differentially expressed acetylated proteins have diverse biological functions, among which 12 proteins were identified as the main targets of HDAC10. Subsequently, HDAC10 expression levels were confirmed to increase following nebulized inhalation of linear poly(β-amino ester) (LPAE)-HDAC10 nanocomplexes. The levels of oxidative stress, the phosphorylation of IKKβ, IκBα and p65, as well as inflammation were inhibited by HDAC10. Pulmonary fibrosis, and lung function in silicosis showed significant improvements in response to the upregulation of HDAC10. Similar results were obtained for the silica-treated macrophages in vitro. In conclusion, HDAC10 was identified as the main mediator of acetylation in silicosis. Nebulized inhalation of LPAE-HDAC10 nanocomplexes was confirmed to be a promising treatment option for silicosis. The ROS/NF-κB pathway was identified as an essential signaling pathway through which HDAC10 attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, and pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis. This study provides a new theoretical basis for the treatment of silicosis.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Acetylation; Histone Deacetylases; Inflammation; NF-kappa B; Proteomics; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Silicon Dioxide; Silicosis
PubMed: 37848136
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.018 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Oct 2023The role and mechanisms of integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB) on silicosis are still not well defined. In the present study, the effects of ISRIB on cellular...
The role and mechanisms of integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB) on silicosis are still not well defined. In the present study, the effects of ISRIB on cellular senescence and pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis were evaluated by RNA sequencing, micro-computed tomography, pulmonary function assessment, histological examination, and Western blot analysis. The results showed that ISRIB significantly reduced the degree of pulmonary fibrosis in mice with silicosis and reduced the expression of type I collagen, fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor-β1. Both in vivo and in vitro results showed that ISRIB reversed the expression of senescence-related factors β-galactosidase, phosphor-ataxia telangiectasia mutated, phosphor-ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein, p-p53, p21, p16, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1. The aforementioned results were consistent with the sequencing results. These findings implied that ISRIB might reduce the degree of pulmonary fibrosis in mice with silicosis by inhibiting the cellular senescence of alveolar epithelial cell type II.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Silicon Dioxide; Ataxia Telangiectasia; X-Ray Microtomography; Silicosis; Alveolar Epithelial Cells
PubMed: 37647802
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115410 -
Journal of Occupational and... Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Pneumoconiosis
PubMed: 38234191
DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000003047 -
Microbial Biotechnology Jan 2024The human microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining health, with advances in high-throughput sequencing technology and reduced sequencing costs triggering a surge... (Review)
Review
The human microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining health, with advances in high-throughput sequencing technology and reduced sequencing costs triggering a surge in microbiome research. Microbiome studies generally incorporate five key phases: design, sampling, sequencing, analysis, and reporting, with sequencing strategy being a crucial step offering numerous options. Present mainstream sequencing strategies include Amplicon sequencing, Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS), and Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (tNGS). Two innovative technologies recently emerged, namely MobiMicrobe high-throughput microbial single-cell genome sequencing technology and 2bRAD-M simplified metagenomic sequencing technology, compensate for the limitations of mainstream technologies, each boasting unique core strengths. This paper reviews the basic principles and processes of these three mainstream and two novel microbiological technologies, aiding readers in understanding the benefits and drawbacks of different technologies, thereby guiding the selection of the most suitable method for their research endeavours.
Topics: Humans; Microbiota; Metagenome; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Metagenomics; Technology
PubMed: 37929823
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14364 -
The Journal of the Association of... Oct 2023: Patients with silicosis are at increased risk of pneumothorax. However, the true incidence of pneumothorax in these patients is yet unknown. Our objective was to study...
: Patients with silicosis are at increased risk of pneumothorax. However, the true incidence of pneumothorax in these patients is yet unknown. Our objective was to study the proportion of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) in patients with silicosis who present with acute respiratory deterioration. We also analyzed the risk factors, clinical course, actual management, and treatment outcomes of pneumothorax in patients with silicosis. : It was a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of hundred silicosis patients presenting with any acute worsening respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough, and chest pain) warranting admission were enrolled. A detailed history, clinical examination, and radiological investigations were done in all cases. : A total of 100 patients were included in this study. The mean age of subjects was 51.6 years. Breathlessness was the most common presenting symptom followed by chest pain. A total of 43 (43%) patients had pneumothorax at presentation. Right-sided pneumothorax was seen in 26 (26%) cases, left-sided in 11 (11%) cases, and six patients (6%) had bilateral pneumothorax. No significant correlation of smoking with pneumothorax was observed in the present study. Around 42% of patients had pulmonary tuberculosis which was microbiologically confirmed. : The present study emphasizes that all patients of silicosis who present with acute worsening shortness of breath and or chest pain need to be evaluated for pneumothorax. : Bairwa M, Sharma A, Luniwal M. Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Patients with Silicosis. J Assoc Physicians India 2023;71(10):64-66.
Topics: Humans; Silicosis; Pneumothorax; Middle Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Female; Adult; Risk Factors; Aged; Chest Pain; Dyspnea; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 38716526
DOI: 10.59556/japi.71.0348 -
Journal of Thoracic Disease Dec 2023Some studies have reviewed lung explants histology to determine the frequency of pretransplant non-identified neoplasms or explore its diagnostic correlation with a...
BACKGROUND
Some studies have reviewed lung explants histology to determine the frequency of pretransplant non-identified neoplasms or explore its diagnostic correlation with a previous diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD). This study aims to review the histopathology of explants from patients who underwent lung transplantation (LT).
METHODS
A retrospective, single-center study that included patients who underwent LT for emphysema between 01 January 2011 and 31 October 2021. The control group was composed of patients with lung cancer who underwent a lung resection between 01 November 2011 and 31 December 2019 and had a previous diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prior to lung resection surgery. A systematic review was performed of histological findings to compare the frequency of additional histological diagnoses.
RESULTS
The study sample included 160 patients (43.8%) who received a lung transplant for emphysema and 205 patients with COPD and lung cancer treated surgically. Although the patients in the cancer group were significantly older and had more comorbidities and higher cumulative tobacco consumption, transplant recipients received an additional significative histologic diagnosis more frequently (58.1% 12.7%; P<0.001) including ILD, pneumoconiosis and others.
CONCLUSIONS
Significant additional histological findings were more frequent in the group of lung transplant recipients with emphysema. Notably, these findings were not explained by tobacco use, and they were significantly more frequent in transplant recipients than in patients with a previous diagnosis of COPD and higher cumulative tobacco consumption but with a better respiratory functional status.
PubMed: 38249891
DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1160 -
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing... Apr 2024Silicosis is a common occupational disease, and its main characteristic pathological features are the formation of silicon nodules and diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. In the... (Review)
Review
Silicosis is a common occupational disease, and its main characteristic pathological features are the formation of silicon nodules and diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. In the process of silicosis fibrosis, macrophages can be polarized into M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages. M1 macrophages play a pro-inflammatory role in the early stage of silicosis and release a variety of inflammatory factors, which is the core of inflammatory response. M2 macrophages promote inflammation resolution and tissue repair in silicosis fibrosis stage by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines and pro-fibrotic mediators. M1/M2 polarization balance plays an important role in the occurrence and development of silicosis, and the regulation of macrophage polarization direction may play a positive role in the prevention and treatment of silicosis fibrosis. In this review, the role of macrophage polarization in silicosis fibrosis, the related signaling pathways regulating macrophage polarization in silicosis fibrosis, and the potential therapeutic targets based on macrophage polarization in silicosis fibrosis are reviewed, with a view to further strengthening the understanding of the mechanism of macrophage polarization in the pathogenesis and treatment of silicosis fibrosis.
Topics: Silicosis; Humans; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Macrophages; Signal Transduction; Cytokines
PubMed: 38678001
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20230306-00067 -
BMC Public Health Feb 2024In industries worldwide, crystalline silica is pervasive and poses risks of pneumoconiosis and respiratory malignancies, with the latter being a knowledge gap in disease...
Burden of silica-attributed pneumoconiosis and tracheal, bronchus & lung cancer for global and countries in the national program for the elimination of silicosis, 1990-2019: a comparative study.
BACKGROUND
In industries worldwide, crystalline silica is pervasive and poses risks of pneumoconiosis and respiratory malignancies, with the latter being a knowledge gap in disease burden research that this study aims to address. By integrating both diseases, we also seek to provide an in-depth depiction of the silica-attributed disease burden.
METHODS
Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 were extracted to analyze the disease burden due to silica exposure. The trends of age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) from 1990 to 2019, as well as the age-specific number and rate of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 1990 and 2019, were presented using GraphPad Prism software. The average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) on ASMR and ASDR were calculated using joinpoint regression models.
RESULTS
The global trends of disease burden due to silica exposure from 1990 to 2019 showed a significant decrease, with AAPCs on ASMR and ASDR of -1.22 (-1.38, -1.06) and - 1.18 (-1.30, -1.05), respectively. Vietnam was an exception with an unprecedented climb in ASMR and ASDR in general over the years. The age-specific deaths and DALYs mainly peaked in the age group 60-64. In comparison to 1990, the number of deaths and DALYs became higher after 45 years old in 2019, while their rates stayed consistently lower in 2019. Males experienced an elevated age-specific burden than females. China's general age-standardized burden of pneumoconiosis and tracheal, bronchus & lung (TBL) cancer ranked at the forefront, along with the highest burden of pneumoconiosis in Chilean males and South African females, as well as the prominent burden of TBL cancer in Turkish males, Thai females, and overall Vietnamese. The age-specific burden of TBL cancer surpassed that of pneumoconiosis, and a delay was presented in the pneumoconiosis pinnacle burden compared to the TBL cancer. Besides, the burden of pneumoconiosis indicated a sluggish growth trend with advancing age.
CONCLUSION
Our research highlights the cruciality of continuous enhancements in occupational health legislation for countries seriously suffering from industrial silica pollution and the necessity of prioritizing preventive measures for male workers and elderly retirees.
Topics: Aged; Female; Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Silicon Dioxide; Lung Neoplasms; Silicosis; Pneumoconiosis; Perinatal Death; Bronchi
PubMed: 38388421
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18086-9