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Archives of Microbiology Feb 2024An aerobic bacterium, designated as PT-12, was isolated from soil collected from agriculture field, and its taxonomic position was validated through a comprehensive...
An aerobic bacterium, designated as PT-12, was isolated from soil collected from agriculture field, and its taxonomic position was validated through a comprehensive polyphasic methodology. The strain was identified as Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The yellow-colored colonies showed growth ability at temperature range of 18-37 °C, NaCl content of 0-1.0% (w/v), and at a pH of 6.0-8.0. The 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis showed that strain PT-12 affiliated with the genus Sphingomonas in the family Sphingomonadaceae, and displayed the highest 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence similarity with Sphingomonas limnosediminicola 03SUJ6 (98.4%). The genome size of strain PT-12 was 2,656,862 bp and the DNA G + C content estimated from genome was 63.5%. The highest values of average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) were observed between strain PT-12 and Sphingomonas segetis YJ09, accounting to 76.2% and 20.2%, respectively. In addition, both ANI and dDDH values between strain PT-12 and other phylogenetically related neighbors ranged between 69.6% and 76.2% and 18.4% and 20.2%, respectively. Chemotaxonomic features exhibited Q-10 as the only ubiquinone; homospermidine as the major polyamine; summed feature 8 (Cω7c and/or Cω6c), C, and 10-methyl C as the notable fatty acids; and phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingoglycolipid as dominating polar lipids. Overall, the comprehensive polyphasic data supported that strain PT-12 represents a novel bacterial species within the genus Sphingomonas. Accordingly, we propose the name Sphingomonas flavescens sp. nov. The type strain is PT-12 (= KCTC 92114 = NBRC 115717).
Topics: Phospholipids; Sphingomonas; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Soil; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Spermidine; Soil Microbiology; Fatty Acids; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 38396312
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03851-6 -
Andrology Jul 2024The implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male fertility remain largely unknown. Besides their well-known pro- and anti-inflammatory actions, prostaglandins and...
BACKGROUND
The implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male fertility remain largely unknown. Besides their well-known pro- and anti-inflammatory actions, prostaglandins and polyamines are present in semen, where they play key roles in sperm quality.
OBJECTIVES
To analyze semen parameters, oxidative profile and the seminal fluid prostaglandin and polyamine systems in samples collected from individuals without coronavirus disease 2019 diagnosis and men who recovered from coronavirus disease 2019.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study compared semen collected from men without positive coronavirus disease 2019 diagnosis with samples obtained from individuals 1-6 months and 7-30 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection. Semen parameters, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, cyclooxygenase 2 expression by fluorescence immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting, prostaglandin levels by enzyme immunoassay, ornithine decarboxylase activity by a radioactive assay, and polyamine and acetylated polyamine levels by thin-layer chromatography were assessed.
RESULTS
In both groups of semen samples from coronavirus disease 2019 recovered men, sperm vitality, total and progressive sperm motility, and putrescine levels were significantly decreased when compared with samples from the uninfected group. In contrast, lipid peroxidation, leukocyte-associated cyclooxygenase 2 expression, and prostaglandin D2 levels were higher in semen from coronavirus disease 2019 recovered men than in samples from uninfected individuals. While sperm concentration and morphology, ornithine decarboxylase activity, and N-acetylputrescine levels were statistically diminished in semen obtained up to 6 months after coronavirus disease 2019 recovery, these parameters remained unchanged when samples were collected 7-30 months after coronavirus disease 2019 recovery. Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination did not show negative effects on any of the parameters evaluated.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Our work provides insights into the detrimental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on several sperm parameters, in some cases, even more than a year after SARS-CoV-2 infection, which would be accompanied by alterations in the seminal fluid prostaglandin and polyamine profiles. Therefore, future treatments targeting the prostaglandin and polyamine pathways in coronavirus disease 2019 recovered men could lead to a successful reinstatement of semen parameters.
Topics: Male; Humans; COVID-19; Prostaglandins; Polyamines; Semen; Adult; Semen Analysis; SARS-CoV-2; Spermatozoa; Sperm Motility; Middle Aged
PubMed: 37873918
DOI: 10.1111/andr.13548 -
Blood Cancer Discovery Jul 2023In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Nakanishi et al. uncover a critical role for the elevated activity of the translation initiation factor eIF5A in the malignant...
In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Nakanishi et al. uncover a critical role for the elevated activity of the translation initiation factor eIF5A in the malignant growth of MYC-driven lymphoma. eIF5A is posttranslationally modified by hypusination through MYC oncoprotein-mediated hyperactivation of the polyamine-hypusine circuit, which may represent a promising therapeutic target because an enzyme of this circuit that is required for hypusinating eIF5A proved to be essential for lymphoma development. See related article by Nakanishi et al., p. 294 (4).
Topics: Humans; Polyamines; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Neoplasms; Lymphoma
PubMed: 37314811
DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.BCD-23-0053 -
European Radiology Dec 2023To explore human glymphatic dynamics in a diseased model via a noninvasive technique.
OBJECTIVES
To explore human glymphatic dynamics in a diseased model via a noninvasive technique.
METHODS
Patients with reversible vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) presenting with blood-brain barrier disruption, i.e., para-arterial gadolinium leakage on 3-T 3-dimensional isotropic contrast-enhanced T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (CE-T2-FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were prospectively enrolled. Consecutive 9-min-CE-T2-FLAIR for 5-6 times (early panel) after intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) administration and one time-varying deferred scan of noncontrast T2-FLAIR (delayed panel) were performed. In Bundle 1, we measured the calibrated signal intensities (cSIs) of 10 different anatomical locations. In Bundle 2, brain-wide measurements of para-arterial glymphatic volumes, means, and medians of the signal intensities were conducted. We defined mean (mCoIs) or median (mnCoIs) concentration indices as products of volumes and signal intensities.
RESULTS
Eleven subjects were analyzed. The cSIs demonstrated early increase (9 min) in perineural spaces: (cranial nerve [CN] V, p = 0.008; CN VII + VII, p = 0.003), choroid plexus (p = 0.003), white matter (p = 0.004) and parasagittal dura (p = 0.004). The volumes, mCoIs, and mnCoIs demonstrated increasing rates of enhancement after 9 to 18 min and decreasing rates after 45 to 54 min. The GBCA was transported centrifugally and completely removed within 961-1086 min after administration.
CONCLUSIONS
The exogenous GBCA leaked into the para-arterial glymphatics could be completely cleared around 961 to 1086 min after administration in a human model of BBB disruption. The tracer enhancement started variously in different intracranial regions but was eventually cleared centrifugally to brain convexity, probably towards glymphatic-meningeal lymphatics exits.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT
Glymphatic clearance time intervals and the centrifugal directions assessed by a noninvasive approach may have implications for clinical glymphatic evaluation in the near future.
KEY POINTS
• This study aimed to investigate the human glymphatic dynamics in a noninvasive diseased model. • The intracranial MR-detectable gadolinium-based contrast agents were removed centrifugally within 961 to 1086 min. • The glymphatic dynamics was demonstrable by enhancing MRI in an in vivo diseased model noninvasively.
Topics: Humans; Gadolinium; Brain; Contrast Media; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gadolinium DTPA
PubMed: 37402004
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09894-5 -
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Sep 2023Leishmaniasis is a complex of neglected tropical diseases caused by various species of leishmanial parasites that primarily affect the world's poorest people. A limited... (Review)
Review
Leishmaniasis is a complex of neglected tropical diseases caused by various species of leishmanial parasites that primarily affect the world's poorest people. A limited number of standard medications are available for this disease that has been used for several decades, these drugs have many drawbacks such as resistance, higher cost, and patient compliance, making it difficult to reach the poor. The search for novel chemical entities to treat leishmaniasis has led to target-based scaffold research. Among several identified potential molecular targets, enzymes involved in the purine salvage pathway include polyamine biosynthetic process, such as arginase, ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, spermidine synthase, trypanothione reductase as well as enzymes in the DNA cell cycle, such as DNA topoisomerases I and II plays vital role in the life cycle survival of leishmanial parasite. This review mainly focuses on various heterocyclic scaffolds, and their specific inhibitory targets against leishmaniasis, particularly those from the polyamine biosynthesis pathway and DNA topoisomerases with estimated activity studies of various heterocyclic analogs in terms of their IC or EC value, reported molecular docking analysis from available published literatures.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Goals; Leishmaniasis; Leishmania; Polyamines
PubMed: 37257213
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115471 -
Microbiome Nov 2023Minimizing mortality losses due to multiple stress and obtaining maximum performance are the production goals for newly received cattle. In recent years, vaccination and...
Revealing the developmental characterization of rumen microbiome and its host in newly received cattle during receiving period contributes to formulating precise nutritional strategies.
BACKGROUND
Minimizing mortality losses due to multiple stress and obtaining maximum performance are the production goals for newly received cattle. In recent years, vaccination and metaphylaxis treatment significantly decreased the mortality rate of newly received cattle, while the growth block induced by treatment is still obvious. Assessment of blood metabolites and behavior monitoring offer potential for early identification of morbid animals. Moreover, the ruminal microorganisms' homeostasis is a guarantee of beef steers' growth and health. The most critical period for newly received cattle is the first-month post-transport. Therefore, analyzing rumen metagenomics, rumen metabolomics, host metabolomics, and their interaction during receiving period (1 day before transport and at days 1/4, 16, and 30 after transport) is key to revealing the mechanism of growth retardation, and then to formulating management and nutritional practices for newly received cattle.
RESULTS
The levels of serum hormones (COR and ACTH), and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) were highest at day 16, and lowest at day 30 after arrival. Meanwhile, the antioxidant capacity (SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC) was significantly decreased at day 16 and increased at day 30 after arrival. Metagenomics analysis revealed that rumen microbes, bacteria, archaea, and eukaryota had different trends among the four different time points. At day 16 post-transport, cattle had a higher abundance of ruminal bacteria and archaea than those before transport, but the eukaryote abundance was highest at day 30 post-transport. Before transport, most bacteria were mainly involved in polysaccharides digestion. At day 4 post-transport, the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were nucleotide metabolism (pyrimidine metabolism and purine metabolism). At day 16 post-transport, the energy metabolism (glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism) and ruminal contents of MCP and VFAs were significantly increased, but at the same time, energy loss induced by methane yields (Methanobrevibacter) together with pathogenic bacteria (Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula) were also significantly increased. At this time, the most upregulated ruminal L-ornithine produces more catabolite polyamines, which cause oxidative stress to rumen microbes and their host; the most downregulated ruminal 2',3'-cAMP provided favorable growth conditions for pathogenic bacteria, and the downregulated ruminal vitamin B6 metabolism and serum PC/LysoPC disrupt immune function and inflammation reaction. At day 30 post-transport, the ruminal L-ornithine and its catabolites (mainly spermidine and 1,3-propanediamine) were decreased, and the serum PC/LysoPC and 2',3'-cNMPs pools were increased. This is also consistent with the changes in redox, inflammation, and immune status of the host.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides new ideas for regulating the health and performance of newly received cattle during the receiving period. The key point is to manage the newly received cattle about day 16 post-transport, specifically to inhibit the production of methane and polyamines, and the reproduction of harmful bacteria in the rumen, therefore improving the immunity and performance of newly received cattle. Video Abstract.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Diet; Rumen; Microbiota; Bacteria; Archaea; Inflammation; Methane; Ornithine; Polyamines; Animal Feed; Fermentation
PubMed: 37924150
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01682-z -
Current Opinion in Structural Biology Oct 2023Polyamine deacetylase activity was discovered more than 40 years ago, but the responsible histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) was described only recently. HDAC10 is a class... (Review)
Review
Polyamine deacetylase activity was discovered more than 40 years ago, but the responsible histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) was described only recently. HDAC10 is a class IIb HDAC, as is its closest relative, the α-tubulin deacetylase HDAC6. HDAC10 has attracted attention over the last 2 years due to its role in diseases, especially cancer. This review summarises chemical and structural biology approaches to the study of HDAC10. Light will be shed on recent advances in understanding the complex structural biology of HDAC10 and the discovery of the first highly selective HDAC10 inhibitors.
Topics: Polyamines; Histone Deacetylases; Catalytic Domain
PubMed: 37542907
DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102668 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.... Aug 2023To determine if changes in polyamines metabolism occur during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in human patients and mice, as well as to assess systemic and...
AIMS
To determine if changes in polyamines metabolism occur during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in human patients and mice, as well as to assess systemic and liver-specific effects of spermidine administration into mice suffering from advanced NASH.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Human fecal samples were collected from 50 healthy and 50 NASH patients. For the preclinical studies C57Bl6/N male mice fed GAN or NIH-31 diet for 6 months were ordered from Taconic and liver biopsy was performed. Based on severity of liver fibrosis, body composition and body weight, the mice from both dietary groups were randomized into another two groups: half receiving 3 mM spermidine in drinking water, half normal water for subsequent 12 weeks. Body weight was measured weekly and glucose tolerance and body composition were assessed at the end. Blood and organs were collected during necropsy, and intrahepatic immune cells were isolated for flow cytometry analysis.
RESULTS
Metabolomic analysis of human and murine feces confirmed that levels of polyamines decreased along NASH progression. Administration of exogenous spermidine to the mice from both dietary groups did not affect body weight, body composition or adiposity. Moreover, incidence of macroscopic hepatic lesions was higher in NASH mice receiving spermidine. On the other hand, spermidine normalized numbers of Kupffer cells in the livers of mice suffering from NASH, although these beneficial effects did not translate into improved liver steatosis or fibrosis severity.
CONCLUSION
Levels of polyamines decrease during NASH in mice and human patients but spermidine administration does not improve advanced NASH.
Topics: Humans; Male; Mice; Animals; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Spermidine; Disease Models, Animal; Polyamines; Diet, High-Fat; Body Weight; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37054999
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166697 -
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Aug 2023Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are essential for vision perception. In glaucoma and other optic neuropathies, RGCs and their optic axons undergo degenerative change and...
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are essential for vision perception. In glaucoma and other optic neuropathies, RGCs and their optic axons undergo degenerative change and cell death; this can result in irreversible vision loss. Here we developed a rapid protocol for directly inducing RGC differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by the overexpression of ATOH7, BRN3B, and SOX4. The hiPSC-derived RGC-like cells (iRGCs) show robust expression of various RGC-specific markers by whole transcriptome profiling. A functional assessment was also carried out and this demonstrated that these iRGCs display stimulus-induced neuronal activity, as well as spontaneous neuronal activity. Ethambutol (EMB), an effective first-line anti-tuberculosis agent, is known to cause serious visual impairment and irreversible vision loss due to the RGC degeneration in a significant number of treated patients. Using our iRGCs, EMB was found to induce significant dose-dependent and time-dependent increases in cell death and neurite degeneration. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of p62 and LC3-II were upregulated, and further investigations revealed that EMB caused a blockade of lysosome-autophagosome fusion; this indicates that impairment of autophagic flux is one of the adverse effects of that EMB has on iRGCs. In addition, EMB was found to elevate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increasing apoptotic cell death. This could be partially rescued by the co-treatment with the ROS scavenger NAC. Taken together, our findings suggest that this iRGC model, which achieves both high yield and high purity, is suitable for investigating optic neuropathies, as well as being useful when searching for potential drugs for therapeutic treatment and/or disease prevention.
Topics: Humans; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Optic Nerve Diseases; Apoptosis; Ethambutol; SOXC Transcription Factors
PubMed: 37540379
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04890-w -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Oct 2023Serious concerns about the negative impact of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the environment resulted in severe restrictions imposed on this compound in many...
Serious concerns about the negative impact of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the environment resulted in severe restrictions imposed on this compound in many countries. One of the main concerns is related to the use of EDTA in agriculture as a chelator in microelement fertilizers: being introduced directly into the sawing fields, it penetrates into groundwater, with no chance to be captured/recycled. Respectively, there is an active search for environmentally friendly, biodegradable alternatives for this chelator. In this study, we proposed a biodegradable chelating agent, 2-((1,2-dicarboxyethyl)amino)pentanedioic acid (IGSA). It was synthesized in accordance with the principles of "green chemistry" from readily available nonhazardous precursors using water as a solvent; in addition, the method yields literally no waste. The synthesized chelator in the form of the crude reaction mixture was further used for preparing a multicomponent micronutrient fertilizer (B, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Mo). The fertilizer was shown to be highly biodegradable (72% in 28 days), while the EDTA-based product degraded only by 13%. The plant growing efficiency was tested on lettuce in the greenhouse experiments. The results were compared against the known commercial fertilizers based on EDTA and iminodisuccinic acid (IDS). The newly developed IGSA-based fertilizer significantly outperformed the EDTA-based fertilizer in lettuce biomass (1.4 and 1.6 times for root and foliar application, respectively). The total mineral uptake was almost two times higher (1.9 and 1.8 times for root and foliar treatments, respectively) compared to the EDTA-based complex and even slightly higher (1.2 and 1.1 times, respectively) compared to the IDS-based complex. Our work opens the doors for the industrial scale production and application of this fully "green", inexpensive microelement fertilizer that has the potential to replace the EDTA-based products.
Topics: Chelating Agents; Edetic Acid; Fertilizers; Micronutrients; Trace Elements; Fertilization; Soil
PubMed: 37791964
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03500