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Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Aug 2023Uniformly deuterated sterols and biosynthetically related materials are important for neutron, NMR, tracing and bioanalysis studies as well as critical tools for the...
Uniformly deuterated sterols and biosynthetically related materials are important for neutron, NMR, tracing and bioanalysis studies as well as critical tools for the creation of improved lipid nanoparticle formulations. The production of sufficient quantities of materials relies not only on the engineering of microorganisms to selectively accumulate desired materials but also methods for the isolation, purification and characterisation of these materials to ensure their usefulness. Uniformly deuterated squalene, the universal precursor to sterols in biological systems, has been produced and characterised. Cholesterol has been produced with controlled levels of uniform deuteration, increased biosynthetic yield and a methodology developed for the extraction and purification of this material without HPLC. Two sterols, not previously produced in deuterated forms, have been prepared with uniform deuteration: 22,23-dihydrobrassicasterol and 24-methylenecholesterol. This report triples the number of sterols that have been produced with uniform deuteration, purified and characterised and provides a silylation/silver ion chromatography protocol for the separation of sterols which differ by the degree of unsaturation. The techniques for the C NMR analysis of deuterated sterols, site-specific deuteration levels and an analysis of key biosynthetic steps based on these data are reported.
Topics: Sterols; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Squalene; Phytosterols
PubMed: 37523212
DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00754e -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Feb 2024Intestinal commensal microbiota dysbiosis and immune dysfunction are significant exacerbating factors in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To address these problems,...
Intestinal commensal microbiota dysbiosis and immune dysfunction are significant exacerbating factors in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To address these problems, Pluronic F-127-coated tungsten diselenide (WSe @F127) nanozymes are developed by simple liquid-phase exfoliation. The abundant valence transitions of elemental selenium (Se /Se ) and tungsten (W /W ) enable the obtained WSe @F127 nanozymes to eliminate reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. In addition, the released tungsten ions are capable of inhibiting the proliferation of Escherichia coli. In a model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, WSe @F127 nanozymes modulate the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of bacteria S24-7 and significantly reducing the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae. Moreover, WSe @F127 nanozymes inhibit T-cell differentiation and improve intestinal immune barrier function in a model of Crohn's disease. The WSe @F127 nanozymes effectively alleviate IBD by reducing oxidative stress damage, modulating intestinal microbial populations, and remodeling the immune barrier.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Tungsten; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Escherichia coli; Reactive Oxygen Species; Cell Differentiation; Disease Models, Animal; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Polyethylenes; Polypropylenes
PubMed: 37897434
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302576 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Apr 2024β-Carotene is an orange fat-soluble compound, which has been widely used in fields such as food, medicine and cosmetics owing to its anticancer, antioxidant and... (Review)
Review
β-Carotene is an orange fat-soluble compound, which has been widely used in fields such as food, medicine and cosmetics owing to its anticancer, antioxidant and cardiovascular disease prevention properties. Currently, natural β-carotene is mainly extracted from plants and algae, which cannot meet the growing market demand, while chemical synthesis of β-carotene cannot satisfy the pursuit for natural products of consumers. The β-carotene production through microbial fermentation has become a promising alternative owing to its high efficiency and environmental friendliness. With the rapid development of synthetic biology and in-depth study on the synthesis pathway of β-carotene, microbial fermentation has shown promising applications in the β-carotene synthesis. Accordingly, this review aims to summarize the research progress and strategies of natural carotenoid producing strain and metabolic engineering strategies in the heterologous synthesis of β-carotene by engineered microorganisms. Moreover, it also summarizes the adoption of inexpensive carbon sources to synthesize β-carotene as well as proposes new strategies that can further improve the β-carotene production.
Topics: Fermentation; beta Carotene; Carotenoids; Antioxidants; Biological Products
PubMed: 38607448
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03955-7 -
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces... Sep 2023Biofoulants can adhere to multiple surfaces, degrading the performance of medical devices and industrial facilities and/or causing nosocomial infection. The surface...
Biofoulants can adhere to multiple surfaces, degrading the performance of medical devices and industrial facilities and/or causing nosocomial infection. The surface immobilization of zwitterionic materials can prevent the initial attachment of the foulants but lacks extensive implementation. Herein, we propose a facile, universal, two-step surface modification strategy to improve fouling resistance. In the first step, the substrates were immersed in a codeposition solution containing dopamine and branched polyethylenimine (PEI) to form a "primer" layer (PDA/PEI). In the second step, the primer layers were treated with 1,3-propane sultone to betainize primary/secondary/tertiary amine moieties of PEI, generating zwitterions on substrates. After betainization, PS-grafted PDA/PEI (PDA/PEI/S) via a ring-opening alkylation reaction manifested changes in wettability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of zwitterionic moieties on the PDA/PEI/S surfaces. Further investigations using ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy were conducted to scrutinize the relation among the PEI content, film thickness, primer stability, and betainization. As a result, zwitterion-decorated substrates prepared under optimal conditions can exhibit high resistance against bacterial fouling, achieving a 98.5% reduction in bacterial attachment. In addition, the method shows a substrate-independent property, capable of successfully applying it on organic and inorganic substrates. Finally, the newly developed approach shows excellent biocompatibility, displaying no significant difference compared with blank control samples. Overall, we envision that the facile surface modification strategy can further promote the preparation of zwitterion-decorated materials in the future.
Topics: Polyethyleneimine; Alkylation; Dopamine; Indoles
PubMed: 37680107
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01585 -
Communications Biology Oct 2023Various species of ascomycete fungi synthesize the carboxylic carotenoid neurosporaxanthin. The unique chemical structure of this xanthophyll reveals that: (1) Its...
Various species of ascomycete fungi synthesize the carboxylic carotenoid neurosporaxanthin. The unique chemical structure of this xanthophyll reveals that: (1) Its carboxylic end and shorter length increase the polarity of neurosporaxanthin in comparison to other carotenoids, and (2) it contains an unsubstituted β-ionone ring, conferring the potential to form vitamin A. Previously, neurosporaxanthin production was optimized in Fusarium fujikuroi, which allowed us to characterize its antioxidant properties in in vitro assays. In this study, we assessed the bioavailability of neurosporaxanthin compared to other provitamin A carotenoids in mice and examined whether it can be cleaved by the two carotenoid-cleaving enzymes: β-carotene-oxygenase 1 (BCO1) and 2 (BCO2). Using Bco1Bco2 mice, we report that neurosporaxanthin displays greater bioavailability than β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin, as evidenced by higher accumulation and decreased fecal elimination. Enzymatic assays with purified BCO1 and BCO2, together with feeding studies in wild-type, Bco1, Bco2, and Bco1Bco2 mice, revealed that neurosporaxanthin is a substrate for either carotenoid-cleaving enzyme. Wild-type mice fed neurosporaxanthin displayed comparable amounts of vitamin A to those fed β-carotene. Together, our study unveils neurosporaxanthin as a highly bioavailable fungal carotenoid with provitamin A activity, highlighting its potential as a novel food additive.
Topics: Mice; Animals; beta Carotene; Provitamins; Vitamin A; Biological Availability; Carotenoids; Dioxygenases
PubMed: 37864015
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05446-1 -
Food Chemistry Jul 2023The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of polygalacturonase (PG) treatment on carotenoid absorption upon digestion of HPH-treated combined peach and...
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of polygalacturonase (PG) treatment on carotenoid absorption upon digestion of HPH-treated combined peach and carrot juice (CJ) with or without the presence of lipids. Results showed that PG treatment reduced median particle diameter (D) and viscosity of CJ, and increased total carotenoid bioaccessibility by 41%. In the presence of emulsion, the bioaccessibility of carotenoids was higher and it was not significantly affected by PG treatment. Xanthophylls (lutein and zeaxanthin) had higher bioaccessibility than the more lipophilic carotenes (β-carotene and α-carotene); also, uptake in Caco-2 cells and transport of lutein and zeaxanthin were higher than for β-carotene and α-carotene. Individual carotenoids bioaccessibility was negatively correlated with their transport. All together data showed digestion and absorption processes were two independent processes: factors improving carotenoid bioaccessibility did not necessarily affect their bioavailability.
Topics: Polygalacturonase; Carotenoids; beta Carotene; Lutein; Zeaxanthins; Caco-2 Cells; Biological Availability; Humans; Fruit and Vegetable Juices
PubMed: 36854238
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135748 -
Environmental Technology Mar 2024A novel platform of a polydiacetylene combined with rhodamine B () colorimetric chemosensor array was prepared from a diacetylene monomer and rhodamine B derivative....
A novel platform of a polydiacetylene combined with rhodamine B () colorimetric chemosensor array was prepared from a diacetylene monomer and rhodamine B derivative. Rhodamine B derivative as the ion-recognition element was embedded in the polydiacetylene matrix. To fabricate chemosensor, diacetylene monomer connected rhodamine B derivatives () was coated onto a filter paper surface via drop-casting technique and transformed to polydiacetylene by polymerisation through ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. From the result, exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for Au and could be monitored directly by naked eyes providing a fast, portable and easy-to-use as a molecular device in the real system. The DFT calculation results showed a stable complex between and Au. We believe that, this method offers a sensitive and accurate process for Au ion detection in real environmental and biological applications.
Topics: Colorimetry; Polyacetylene Polymer; Rhodamines
PubMed: 36315008
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2142483 -
Phytochemistry Nov 2023Tagetes erecta L. (marigold), a common landscaping flower widely cultivated in America, Africa, Asia and Europe, is the fundamental source of carotenoids (especially...
Tagetes erecta L. (marigold), a common landscaping flower widely cultivated in America, Africa, Asia and Europe, is the fundamental source of carotenoids (especially lutein) in food and pharmaceutical industry. Carotenoids are well-known to possess various healthy and beneficial biological activities such as eye protection, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory. In our exploitation of carotenoid-derived products from T. erecta, nine previously undescribed compounds including seven megastigmane-type norsesquiterpenoids (1-7), one carotenoid-derived sesquiterpenoid (8), and one natural 3-hydroxyl-α-ionylideneacetic acid derivative (9), along with twelve known compounds (10-21), were afforded from the 95% ethanol extract of the petals of T. erecta. Their planar chemical structures and the absolute configurations were established by analysis of the extensive spectroscopic data including HRESI-MS, 1D/2D NMR and the simulation of ECD. Further, a plausible biosynthesis pathway for compounds 1-20 is proposed.
Topics: Tagetes; Carotenoids; Lutein; Flowers; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
PubMed: 37714249
DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113860 -
Heart & Lung : the Journal of Critical... 2024Previous studies mainly concentrated on examining the correlation between single carotenoids and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, these findings...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies mainly concentrated on examining the correlation between single carotenoids and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, these findings have been inconsistent.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate both the individual and overall associations of carotenoids with the prevalence of COPD.
METHODS
This study comprised 2,939 participants chosen from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018. The logistic regression, quantile-based G-computation regression (qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were employed to explore the association between carotenoids and the prevalence of COPD. Mediation analyses were also conducted to explore the underlying mechanism of carotenoids on COPD.
RESULTS
Individuals diagnosed with COPD had significantly lower serum carotenoid concentrations than those without COPD. We found a negative relationship between combined carotenoids and the prevalence of COPD, and lutein and zeaxanthin and alpha cryptoxanthin were identified as the main contributors to this negative association. Moreover, eosinophil acted as a mediator in the relationship between lutein and zeaxanthin, alpha cryptoxanthin, and the prevalence of COPD, with mediating proportions of 2.75 % and 3.67 %.
CONCLUSION
A negative association was observed between combined carotenoids and COPD prevalence, with lutein and zeaxanthin, and alpha cryptoxanthin identified as the main contributors. Eosinophils could potentially mediate the association between carotenoids and COPD.
Topics: Humans; United States; Carotenoids; Lutein; Nutrition Surveys; Zeaxanthins; Bayes Theorem; Prevalence; Cryptoxanthins; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
PubMed: 38457968
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.02.010 -
Journal of Materials Science. Materials... Nov 20233D printing technology is an emerging method that gained extensive attention from researchers worldwide, especially in the health and medical fields. Biopolymers are an... (Review)
Review
3D printing technology is an emerging method that gained extensive attention from researchers worldwide, especially in the health and medical fields. Biopolymers are an emerging class of materials offering excellent properties and flexibility for additive manufacturing. Biopolymers are widely used in biomedical applications in biosensing, immunotherapy, drug delivery, tissue engineering and regeneration, implants, and medical devices. Various biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymeric materials are considered as bio-ink for 3d printing. Here, we offer an extensive literature review on the current applications of synthetic biopolymers in the field of 3D printing. A trend in the publication of biopolymers in the last 10 years are focused on the review by analyzing more than 100 publications. Their application and classification based on biodegradability are discussed. The various studies, along with their practical applications, are elaborated in the subsequent sections for polyethylene, polypropylene, polycaprolactone, polylactide, etc. for biomedical applications. The disadvantages of various biopolymers are discussed, and future perspectives like combating biocompatibility problems using 3D printed biomaterials to build compatible prosthetics are also discussed and the potential application of using resin with the combination of biopolymers to build customized implants, personalized drug delivery systems and organ on a chip technologies are expected to open a new set of chances for the development of healthcare and regenerative medicine in the future.
Topics: Artificial Limbs; Biopolymers; Polyethylene; Polymers; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Polypropylenes
PubMed: 37982917
DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06765-9