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International Journal of Systematic and... Aug 2023A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, polar flagellated, aerobic, light-yellow bacterium, designated as 2012CJ41-6, was isolated from a sponge sample of from Chuja-myeon,...
A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, polar flagellated, aerobic, light-yellow bacterium, designated as 2012CJ41-6, was isolated from a sponge sample of from Chuja-myeon, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, strain 2012CJ41-6 clustered with species of the genus and appeared closely related to . DSM 27839 (96.46 % similarity), . CECT 4357 (96.32 %), . ZGT108 (96.32 %), CECT 7639 (96.32 %) and . CECT 4292 (96.16 %). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization between strain 2012CJ41-6 and the most closely related strain was 75.3 % and 19.6 %, indicating that 2012CJ41-6 represents a novel species of the genus . Growth occurred at 15-37 °C on marine medium in the presence of 0.5-10 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 5.5-8.5. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 60.80 mol%, and ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) was the major respiratory quinone. The major cellular fatty acids (>5 %) were C 7 and/or C 6 (summed feature 8). The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified aminophospholipid and five unidentified lipids. Physiological and biochemical characteristics indicated that strain 2012CJ41-6 represents a novel species of the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2012CJ41-6 (=KACC 22645=LMG 32585).
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Callyspongia; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Rhodobacteraceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Ubiquinone
PubMed: 37560994
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006001 -
PloS One 2023Deciphering the behavioural ecology of adult (sessile) sponges is challenging. However, their motile larval stages afford opportunities to investigate how behaviour...
Deciphering the behavioural ecology of adult (sessile) sponges is challenging. However, their motile larval stages afford opportunities to investigate how behaviour contributes to dispersal and selection of habitat. Light is a fundamental cue contributing to larval sponge dispersal where photoreceptive cells contribute to this process. But how universal is light as a cue to sponge larval dispersal and settlement? Behavioural choice experiments were used to test the effect of light on dispersal and settlement behaviours. Larvae of the tropical sponge species Coscinoderma mathewsi, Luffariella variabilis, Ircinia microconnulosa, and Haliclona sp., from deep (12-15 m) and shallower-water habitats (2-5 m), were used in experiments. Dispersal experiments provided a light-gradient-choice where light represented light attenuation with depth. Light treatments included white light and the spectral components of red and blue light. Settlement experiments comprised a choice between illuminated and shaded treatments. Fluorescence microscopy was used to establish the presence of fluorescent proteins associated with posterior locomotory cilia. Deeper-water species, C. mathewsi and I. microconnulosa discriminate light spectral signatures. Both species changed dispersal behaviour to light spectra as larvae aged. For C. mathewsi positive phototaxis to blue light changed to photophobic responses (all light treatments) after six hours and behaviours in I. microconnulosa changed from positive to negative phototaxis (white light) after six hours. L. variabilis, also a deeper-water species, was negatively phototactic to all light treatments. Larvae from the shallow-water species, Haliclona sp., moved towards all light wavelengths tested. There was no effect of light on settlement of the shallow-water Haliclona sp., but larvae in all three deeper-water species showed significantly higher settlement in shaded treatments. Fluorescence microscopy showed discrete fluorescent bands contiguous to posterior tufted cilia in all four species. These fluorescent bands may play a contributory role in larval photobehaviour.
Topics: Animals; Larva; Ecosystem; Ecology; Behavior, Animal; Porifera
PubMed: 37428784
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287989 -
International Immunopharmacology Mar 2024Cyanogramide (AC14), a novel alkaloid, isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine-derived Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus. However, the exact role of AC14 in...
Cyanogramide (AC14), a novel alkaloid, isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine-derived Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus. However, the exact role of AC14 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is poorly understood. Our results demonstrated that AC14 exhibited significant inhibition of IL-6 release in THP-1 cells and a "Caco-2/THP-1" coculture system after stimulation with LPS for 24 h. However, no significant effect on TNF-α production was observed. Furthermore, in 2.5 % DSS-induced colitis mice, AC14 treatment led to improvement in body weight, colon length, and intestine mucosal barrier integrity. AC14 also suppressed serum IL-6 production and modulated dysregulated microbiota in the mice. Mechanistically, AC14 was found to inhibit the phosphorylation of Janus kinase (JAK) 2 and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 3, while simultaneously elevating the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3, both in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that AC14 exerts its suppressive effects on IL-6 production in DSS-induced IBD mice through the JAK2-STAT3-SOCS3 signaling pathway. Our study highlights the potential of AC14 as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of IBD.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Interleukin-6; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; Caco-2 Cells; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Janus Kinase 2; Antineoplastic Agents; Porifera; Alkaloids; STAT3 Transcription Factor
PubMed: 38350353
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111576 -
Journal of Natural Products Sep 2023Six new thiazole-containing cyclic peptides, the cyclotheonellazoles D-I (-), were isolated from the Australian marine sponge sp. (2131) with their structures assigned...
Six new thiazole-containing cyclic peptides, the cyclotheonellazoles D-I (-), were isolated from the Australian marine sponge sp. (2131) with their structures assigned by comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and MS spectrometric analyses, Marfey's derivatization studies, and comparison with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculated ECD data. The Type 2 azole-homologated peptides herein comprise up to five nonproteinogenic amino acids, including the protease transition state mimic α-keto-β-amino acid residue 3-amino-4-methyl-2-oxohexanoic acid (Amoha), while - also contain a terminal hydantoin residue not previously found in cyclotheonellazoles. The keramamides A () and L () were reisolated affording expanded exploration of their biological activities. The peptides were examined for protease inhibitory activities against two mammalian serine proteases (elastase and chymotrypsin) and SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL), a validated antiviral therapeutic target for COVID-19. Peptides - and keramamide A () displayed potent nanomolar inhibition of elastase (IC 16.0 to 61.8 nM), while also contained modest inhibition of chymotrypsin and SARS-CoV-2 3CL (IC 0.73 and 1.1 μM, respectively). The cyclotheonellazoles D-E (-) do not affect the viability of human breast, ovarian, and colon cancer cells (>100 μM), with the cytotoxicity previously reported for keramamide L () not replicated (inactive >20 μM).
Topics: Animals; Humans; Peptides, Cyclic; Theonella; Thiazoles; Pancreatic Elastase; Chymotrypsin; Molecular Structure; Australia; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Peptides; Amino Acids; Mammals
PubMed: 37609780
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00633 -
Marine Drugs Nov 2023The majority of natural products utilized to treat a diverse array of human conditions and diseases are derived from terrestrial sources. In recent years, marine... (Review)
Review
Deep-Sea Sponges and Corals off the Western Coast of Florida-Intracellular Mechanisms of Action of Bioactive Compounds and Technological Advances Supporting the Drug Discovery Pipeline.
The majority of natural products utilized to treat a diverse array of human conditions and diseases are derived from terrestrial sources. In recent years, marine ecosystems have proven to be a valuable resource of diverse natural products that are generated to defend and support their growth. Such marine sources offer a large opportunity for the identification of novel compounds that may guide the future development of new drugs and therapies. Using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) portal, we explore deep-sea coral and sponge species inhabiting a segment of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone, specifically off the western coast of Florida. This area spans ~100,000 km, containing coral and sponge species at sea depths up to 3000 m. Utilizing PubMed, we uncovered current knowledge on and gaps across a subset of these sessile organisms with regards to their natural products and mechanisms of altering cytoskeleton, protein trafficking, and signaling pathways. Since the exploitation of such marine organisms could disrupt the marine ecosystem leading to supply issues that would limit the quantities of bioactive compounds, we surveyed methods and technological advances that are necessary for sustaining the drug discovery pipeline including in vitro aquaculture systems and preserving our natural ecological community in the future. Collectively, our efforts establish the foundation for supporting future research on the identification of marine-based natural products and their mechanism of action to develop novel drugs and therapies for improving treatment regimens of human conditions and diseases.
Topics: Animals; Anthozoa; Biological Products; Drug Discovery; Ecosystem; Florida; Porifera
PubMed: 38132936
DOI: 10.3390/md21120615 -
Marine Drugs Mar 2024The Verongida order comprises several sponge families, such as Aplysinellidae, Aplysinidae, Ianthellidae, and Pseudoceratinidae, reported for producing... (Review)
Review
The Verongida order comprises several sponge families, such as Aplysinellidae, Aplysinidae, Ianthellidae, and Pseudoceratinidae, reported for producing bromotyrosine-derived compounds. First identified in 1913, bromotyrosine derivatives have since captivated interest notably for their antitumor and antimicrobial properties. To date, over 360 bromotyrosine derivatives have been reported. Our review focuses specifically on bromotyrosine derivatives newly reported from 2004 to 2023, by summarizing current knowledge about their chemical diversity and their biological activities.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Bandages; Porifera; Tyrosine
PubMed: 38535473
DOI: 10.3390/md22030132 -
ELife Nov 2023Cylicins are testis-specific proteins, which are exclusively expressed during spermiogenesis. In mice and humans, two Cylicins, the gonosomal X-linked Cylicin 1 () and...
Cylicins are testis-specific proteins, which are exclusively expressed during spermiogenesis. In mice and humans, two Cylicins, the gonosomal X-linked Cylicin 1 () and the autosomal Cylicin 2 () genes, have been identified. Cylicins are cytoskeletal proteins with an overall positive charge due to lysine-rich repeats. While Cylicins have been localized in the acrosomal region of round spermatids, they resemble a major component of the calyx within the perinuclear theca at the posterior part of mature sperm nuclei. However, the role of Cylicins during spermiogenesis has not yet been investigated. Here, we applied CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in zygotes to establish and -deficient mouse lines as a model to study the function of these proteins. deficiency resulted in male subfertility, whereas , , and males were infertile. Phenotypical characterization revealed that loss of Cylicins prevents proper calyx assembly during spermiogenesis. This results in decreased epididymal sperm counts, impaired shedding of excess cytoplasm, and severe structural malformations, ultimately resulting in impaired sperm motility. Furthermore, exome sequencing identified an infertile man with a hemizygous variant in and a heterozygous variant in , displaying morphological abnormalities of the sperm including the absence of the acrosome. Thus, our study highlights the relevance and importance of Cylicins for spermiogenic remodeling and male fertility in human and mouse, and provides the basis for further studies on unraveling the complex molecular interactions between perinuclear theca proteins required during spermiogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Male; Animals; Mice; Sperm Motility; Semen; Spermatozoa; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Infertility, Male; Porifera; Fertility
PubMed: 38013430
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.86100 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2024The emergence and development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques enable researchers to perform large-scale analysis of the transcriptomic profiling at...
The emergence and development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques enable researchers to perform large-scale analysis of the transcriptomic profiling at cell-specific resolution. Unsupervised clustering of scRNA-seq data is central for most studies, which is essential to identify novel cell types and their gene expression logics. Although an increasing number of algorithms and tools are available for scRNA-seq analysis, a practical guide for users to navigate the landscape remains underrepresented. This chapter presents an overview of the scRNA-seq data analysis pipeline, quality control, batch effect correction, data standardization, cell clustering and visualization, cluster correlation analysis, and marker gene identification. Taking the two broadly used analysis packages, i.e., Scanpy and MetaCell, as examples, we provide a hands-on guideline and comparison regarding the best practices for the above essential analysis steps and data visualization. Additionally, we compare both packages and algorithms using a scRNA-seq dataset of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, which is representative of one of the earliest animal lineages, critical to understanding the origin and evolution of animal novelties. This pipeline can also be helpful for analyses of other taxa, especially prebilaterian animals, where these tools are under development (e.g., placozoan and Porifera).
Topics: Single-Cell Analysis; Software; Animals; Algorithms; Gene Expression Profiling; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Computational Biology; Cluster Analysis; Transcriptome
PubMed: 38668977
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3642-8_17 -
Journal of Natural Products Jul 2023Phyllospongianes A-E (-), five new scalarane derivatives featuring an unprecedented 6/6/6/5 tetracyclic dinorscalarane scaffold, along with the known probable biogenetic...
Phyllospongianes A-E (-), five new scalarane derivatives featuring an unprecedented 6/6/6/5 tetracyclic dinorscalarane scaffold, along with the known probable biogenetic precursor, 12-deacetylscalaradial (), were isolated from the marine sponge . The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism experiments. Compounds - are the first 6/6/6/5 tetracyclic scalarane derivatives to be reported within the scalarane family. Compounds , , and exhibited antibacterial activity against , , , , , , and with MIC values ranging from 1 to 8 μg/mL. Furthermore, compound exhibited significant cytotoxic activity on MDA-MB-231, HepG2, C4-2-ENZ, MCF-7, H460, and HT-29 cancer cell lines with IC values in the range between 0.7 and 13.2 μM.
Topics: Animals; Sesterterpenes; Porifera; Antineoplastic Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus subtilis; Escherichia coli; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 37335557
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00218 -
PloS One 2023The marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis is a globally distributed and invasive species with extensive filter-feeding characteristics. The symbiotic relationship fostered...
The marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis is a globally distributed and invasive species with extensive filter-feeding characteristics. The symbiotic relationship fostered between the sea sponge and the inhabiting microorganism is key in the production of metabolic enzymes which is the focus of this study. Sponge bacterial symbionts were grown on starch agar for 48hrs. Colourimetric analyses of amylase were conducted at 540nm using a spectrophotometric plate reader. Using an X-Bridge column (3.5μM, 4.6x150mm), 80/20 acetonitrile/water in 0.1% ammonium were the conditions used for the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses. Seven reducing sugars were used to optimise LC-MS to determine the presence of the crude enzyme formed. Not all the bacterial symbionts isolated from H perlevis produced alpha and beta amylases to break down starch. From the statistical mean of crude enzyme concentrations from the hydrolysis of starch by amylase, isolate seven had the highest optical density (OD) at 0.43475 while isolate twelve had the lowest OD at 0.141417. From the LC-MS analysis, out of the seven sugars, Glucose and maltose constituted > 65% of the reducing sugars formed from the hydrolysis of starch by the amylases. Isolates 3,6 and 7 produced 6.906 mg/l, 12.309 mg/l, and 5.909 mg/l of glucose, while isolates 3,4,5,6 and 7 produced 203.391 mg/l, 176.238 mg/l, 139.938 mg/l, 39.030 mg/l, and 18.809 mg/l of maltose, respectively. Isolate two had the highest amount of maltose at a concentration of 267.237 mg/l while isolate four had the highest amount of glucose concentration of 53.084 mg/l. Enzymes from marine sponge bacteria offer greater potential for a green and sustainable production process. Amylase extraction from bacterial symbionts in H perlevis is sustainable and should be supported. They can serve as reliable sources of revenue for enzyme industries, and applications in food industries and biotechnological processes.
Topics: Animals; Amylases; Maltose; Porifera; Bacteria; Glucose; Starch; alpha-Amylases
PubMed: 38127953
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294931