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Journal of Natural Products Dec 2023In our continuing efforts to describe the biological and chemical diversity of sponges from Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, the known 30-norlanostane saponin sarasinoside C...
In our continuing efforts to describe the biological and chemical diversity of sponges from Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, the known 30-norlanostane saponin sarasinoside C () was identified along with six new analogues named sarasinosides C, C, C, C, C, and C (-) from the sponge . The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS data, as well as comparison with literature data. All new compounds are characterized by the same tetraose moiety, β-d-Xyl-(1→6)-β-d-GlcNAc-(1→2)-[β-d-GalNAc-(1→4)]-β-d-Xyl, as described previously for sarasinoside C, but differed in their aglycone moieties. When comparing NMR data of sarasinoside C with those of known analogues, a misassignment was identified in the configuration of the C-8/C-9 diol for the previously described sarasinoside R (), and it has been corrected here using a combination of ROESY analysis and molecular modeling.
Topics: Animals; Porifera; Saponins; Papua New Guinea; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 38032127
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01045 -
Marine Drugs Feb 2024An unreported prenylated indole derivative hydroxytakakiamide () was isolated, together with the previously described ergosterol (), ergosterol acetate (), and...
Hydroxytakakiamide and Other Constituents from a Marine Sponge-Associated Fungus MMERU23, and Antinociceptive Activity of Ergosterol Acetate, Acetylaszonalenin and Helvolic Acid.
An unreported prenylated indole derivative hydroxytakakiamide () was isolated, together with the previously described ergosterol (), ergosterol acetate (), and (3)-3-(1-indol-3-ylmethyl)-3, 4-dihydro-1-1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-dione (), from the column fractions of the crude ethyl acetate extract of the culture of a marine sponge-associated fungus, MMERU 23. The structure of was elucidated by the interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR spectral data and high-resolution mass spectrum. The absolute configuration of the stereogenic carbon in was proposed to be the same as those of the co-occurring congeners on the basis of their biogenetic consideration and was supported by the comparison of its sign of optical rotation with those of its steroisomers. The crude ethyl acetate extract and were evaluated, together with acetylaszonalenin () and helvolic acid (), which were previously isolated from the same extract, for the in vivo antinociceptive activity in the mice model. The crude ethyl acetate extract exhibited antinociceptive activity in the acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin tests, while , , and displayed the effects in the late phase of the formalin test. On the other hand, neither the crude ethyl acetate extract nor , , and affected the motor performance of mice in both open-field and rotarod tests. Additionally, docking studies of , , and were performed with 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes, PDE4 and PDE7, which are directly related to pain and inflammatory processes. Molecular docking showed that has low affinity energy to PDE4 and PDE7 targets while retaining high affinity to 5-LOX. On the other hand, while did not display any hydrogen bond interactions in any of its complexes, it achieved overall better energy values than on the three antinociceptive targets. On the other hand, has the best energy profile of all the docked compounds and was able to reproduce the crystallographic interactions of the 5-LOX complex.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Molecular Docking Simulation; Fungi; Porifera; Acetic Acid; Ergosterol; Analgesics; Acetates; Aspergillus; Fusidic Acid
PubMed: 38535438
DOI: 10.3390/md22030097 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Nov 2023A novel bacterial strain, designated as PHS-Z3, was isolated from a marine sponge belonging to the genus on the Puerto Galera Deep Monkey, Philippines. Cells of PHS-Z3...
A novel bacterial strain, designated as PHS-Z3, was isolated from a marine sponge belonging to the genus on the Puerto Galera Deep Monkey, Philippines. Cells of PHS-Z3 were Gram-stain-positive, motile, oxidase- and catalase-positive, white-pigmented, spore-forming, short rods that could grow at 10-40 °C (optimum, 20 °C), pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and with 2-16 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 7 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of PHS-Z3 showed 97.9 %, 96.7 %, and 96.2 % identities to C/2, DT7-4 and RC11, respectively. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that PHS-Z3 formed an independent cluster with C/2. The total genome of PHS-Z3 was approximately 7 613 364 bp in size with a DNA G+C content of 51.6 %. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between PHS-Z3 and other type strains of species of the genus were 68.0-81.4 % [ANI by blast (ANIb)], 83.0-88.0 % [ANI by MUMmer (ANIm)] and 12.7-32.1 % (dDDH). The dDDH and ANI values were below the standard cut-off criteria for delineation of bacterial species. The percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) values between the genome of PHS-Z3 and those of members of the genus were 39.7-75.7 %, while the average amino acid identity (AAI) values were 55.9-83.7 %. The sole respiratory quinone in the strain was MK-7, and the predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C and C. The major polar lipids of PHS-Z3 consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phospholipid and phosphatidylglycerol. The characteristic amino acid in the cell wall of PHS-Z3 was diamino heptanoic acid (-DAP). On the basis of the molecular, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic features, strain PHS-Z3 represents a novel species of the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain PHS-Z3 (=MCCC 1K07848=KCTC 43443).
Topics: Animals; Theonella; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Base Composition; Fatty Acids; Sequence Analysis, DNA; DNA, Bacterial; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Paenibacillus; Amino Acids
PubMed: 37910170
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006122 -
Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online 2023Nociception and pain sensation are important neural processes in humans to avoid injury. Many proteins are involved in nociception and pain sensation in humans; however,...
Nociception and pain sensation are important neural processes in humans to avoid injury. Many proteins are involved in nociception and pain sensation in humans; however, the evolution of these proteins in animals is unknown. Here, we chose nociception- and pain-related proteins, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ion channels (ICs), and neuropeptides (NPs), which are reportedly associated with nociception and pain in humans, and identified their homologs in various animals by BLAST, phylogenetic analysis and protein architecture comparison to reveal their evolution from protozoans to humans. We found that the homologs of transient receptor potential channel A 1 (TRPA1), TRAPM, acid-sensing IC (ASIC), and voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) first appear in Porifera. Substance-P receptor 1 (TACR1) emerged from Coelenterata. Somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2), TRPV1 and voltage-dependent sodium channels (VDSC) appear in Platyhelminthes. Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR) was first identified in Nematoda. However, opioid receptors (OPRs) and most NPs were discovered only in vertebrates and exist from agnatha to humans. The results demonstrated that homologs of nociception and pain-related ICs exist from lower animal phyla to high animal phyla, and that most of the GPCRs originate from low to high phyla sequentially, whereas OPRs and NPs are newly evolved in vertebrates, which provides hints of the evolution of nociception and pain-related proteins in animals and humans.
PubMed: 38107163
DOI: 10.1177/11769343231216914 -
Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach,... Apr 2024Transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) demonstrate a massive potential in constructing lightweight, multifunctional wearable electromagnetic interference (EMI)...
Transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) demonstrate a massive potential in constructing lightweight, multifunctional wearable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shields for application in various fields. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to develop a facile, scalable approach to prepare the MXene-based macrostructures characterized by low density, low thickness, high mechanical flexibility, and high EMI SE at the same time. Herein, the ultrathin MXene/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Ag foams with a porifera-inspired hierarchically porous microstructure are prepared by combining Zn diffusion induction and hard template methods. The hierarchical porosity, which includes a mesoporous skeleton and a microporous MXene network within the skeleton, not only exerts a regulatory effect on stress distribution during compression, making the foams rubber-like resistant to wrinkling but also provides more channels for multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves. Due to the interaction between Ag nanosheets, MXene/rGO, and porous structure, it is possible to produce an outstanding EMI shielding performance with the specific surface shielding effectiveness reaching 109152.4 dB cm g. Furthermore, the foams exhibit multifunctionalities, such as transverse Joule heating, longitudinal heat insulation, self-cleaning, fire resistance, and motion detection. These discoveries open up a novel pathway for the development of lightweight MXene-based materials with considerable application potential in wearable electromagnetic anti-interference devices.
PubMed: 38146773
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311135 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024The fascaplysin and homofascaplysin class of marine natural products has a characteristic 12H-pyrido[1,2-a:3,4-b']diindole pentacyclic structure. Fascaplysin was... (Review)
Review
The fascaplysin and homofascaplysin class of marine natural products has a characteristic 12H-pyrido[1,2-a:3,4-b']diindole pentacyclic structure. Fascaplysin was isolated in 1988 from the marine sponge sp. The analogs of fascaplysin, such as homofascaplysins A, B, and C, were discovered late in the Fijian sponge F. reticulate, and also have potent antimicrobial activity and strong cytotoxicity against L-1210 mouse leukemia. In this review, the total synthesis of fascaplysin and its analogs, such as homofascaplysins A, B, and C, will be reviewed, which will offer useful information for medicinal chemistry researchers who are interested in the exploration of marine alkaloids.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Alkaloids; Antineoplastic Agents; Bandages; Biological Products; Porifera; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Carbolines; Indoles; Indolizines
PubMed: 38611869
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071590 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Aug 2023Sponges are habitats for a diverse community of microorganisms. Sponges provide shelter, whereas microbes provide a complementary defensive mechanism. Here, a symbiotic...
Sponges are habitats for a diverse community of microorganisms. Sponges provide shelter, whereas microbes provide a complementary defensive mechanism. Here, a symbiotic bacterium, identified as Bacillus spp., was isolated from a marine sponge following culture enrichment. Fermentation-assisted metabolomics using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) indicated that marine simulated nutrition and temperature was the optimum in metabolite production represented by the highest number of metabolites and the diverse chemical classes when compared to other culture media. Following large-scale culture in potato dextrose broth (PDB) and dereplication, compound M1 was isolated and identified as octadecyl-1-(2',6'-di-tert-butyl-1'-hydroxyphenyl) propionate. M1, at screening concentrations up to 10 mg/ml, showed no activity against prokaryotic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, while 1 mg/ml of M1 was sufficient to cause a significant killing effect on eukaryotic cells including Candida albicans, Candida auris, and Rhizopus delemar fungi and different mammalian cells. M1 exhibited MIC 0.97 ± 0.006 and 7.667 ± 0.079 mg/ml against C. albicans and C. auris, respectively. Like fatty acid esters, we hypothesize that M1 is stored in a less harmful form and upon pathogenic attack is hydrolyzed to a more active form as a defensive metabolite. Subsequently, [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid] (DTBPA), the hydrolysis product of M1, exhibited ~ 8-fold and 18-fold more antifungal activity than M1 against C. albicans and C. auris, respectively. These findings indicated the selectivity of that compound as a defensive metabolite towards the eukaryotic cells particularly the fungi, a major infectious agent to sponges. Metabolomic-assisted fermentation can provide a significant understanding of a triple marine-evolved interaction. KEY POINTS: • Bacillus species, closely related to uncultured Bacillus, is isolated from Gulf marine sponge • Metabolomic-assisted fermentations showed diverse metabolites • An ester with a killing effect against eukaryotes but not prokaryotes is isolated.
Topics: Animals; Porifera; Bacteria; Antifungal Agents; Biological Evolution; Bacillus; Candida albicans; Mammals
PubMed: 37358811
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12649-3 -
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Apr 2024The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens due to improper usage of conventional antibiotics has created a global health crisis. Alternatives to antibiotics being an... (Review)
Review
The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens due to improper usage of conventional antibiotics has created a global health crisis. Alternatives to antibiotics being an urgent need, the scientific community is forced to search for new antimicrobials. This exploration has led to the discovery of antimicrobial peptides, a group of small peptides occurring in different phyla such as Porifera, Cnidaria, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Chordata, as a component of their innate immune system. The marine environment, possessing immense diversity of organisms, is undoubtedly one of the richest sources of unique potential antimicrobial peptides. The distinctiveness of marine antimicrobial peptides lies in their broad-spectrum activity, mechanism of action, less cytotoxicity, and high stability, which form the benchmark for developing a potential therapeutic. This review aims to (1) synthesise the available information on the distinctive antimicrobial peptides discovered from marine organisms, particularly over the last decade, and (2) discuss the distinctiveness of marine antimicrobial peptides and their prospects.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimicrobial Peptides; Cnidaria; Echinodermata
PubMed: 37022565
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10061-x -
Marine Pollution Bulletin Sep 2023Microplastic particles are widespread pollutants in the sea and filter-feeding sponges have recently been suggested as useful monitoring organisms. However, the fate of...
Microplastic particles are widespread pollutants in the sea and filter-feeding sponges have recently been suggested as useful monitoring organisms. However, the fate of microplastic particles in sponges is poorly understood, yet crucial for interpreting monitoring data. The present study aims to help develop sponges as more useful monitoring organisms for microplastic in the sea. Here, we describe the fate of inedible (2 and 10 μm) plastic beads compared to that of edible bacteria and algal cells captured in the marine demosponge Halichondria panicea. Small Cyanobium bacillare cells entered the choanocyte chambers and were phagocytized by choanocytes, while larger Rhodomonas salina cells were captured in incurrent canals and phagocytized in the mesohyl. Small 2 μm-beads were captured by choanocytes and subsequently expelled into the excurrent canals after 58 ± 34 min. Larger 10 μm-beads were captured in the incurrent canals and transferred to the mesohyl, where amoeboid cells moved them across the mesohyl before they were expelled into the excurrent canal after 95 ± 36 min. SEM observations further indicated engulfment of plastic beads on the outer sponge surface. This insight provides useful information on how sponges, in general, treat microplastic particles of various sizes. It helps us understand actual measured sizes and concentrations of microplastic particles in sponges in relation to those in the ambient water.
Topics: Animals; Microplastics; Plastics; Porifera; Bacteria; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 37586270
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115403 -
Marine Drugs Mar 2024Hypertension, a major health concern linked to heart disease and premature mortality, has prompted a search for alternative treatments due to side effects of existing... (Review)
Review
Hypertension, a major health concern linked to heart disease and premature mortality, has prompted a search for alternative treatments due to side effects of existing medications. Sustainable harvesting of low-trophic marine organisms not only enhances food security but also provides a variety of bioactive molecules, including peptides. Despite comprising only a fraction of active natural compounds, peptides are ideal for drug development due to their size, stability, and resistance to degradation. Our review evaluates the anti-hypertensive properties of peptides and proteins derived from selected marine invertebrate phyla, examining the various methodologies used and their application in pharmaceuticals, supplements, and functional food. A considerable body of research exists on the anti-hypertensive effects of certain marine invertebrates, yet many species remain unexamined. The array of assessments methods, particularly for ACE inhibition, complicates the comparison of results. The dominance of in vitro and animal in vivo studies indicates a need for more clinical research in order to transition peptides into pharmaceuticals. Our findings lay the groundwork for further exploration of these promising marine invertebrates, emphasizing the need to balance scientific discovery and marine conservation for sustainable resource use.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Antihypertensive Agents; Aquatic Organisms; Biological Products; Dietary Supplements; Functional Food; Hypertension; Invertebrates; Peptides
PubMed: 38667757
DOI: 10.3390/md22040140