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Indian Journal of Dermatology 2023
PubMed: 38371545
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_585_22 -
Virchows Archiv : An International... Mar 2024Most tumors are caused by inherited or acquired genetic changes. However, a subset of tumors is driven by viral infection including Kaposi sarcoma, nasopharyngeal...
Most tumors are caused by inherited or acquired genetic changes. However, a subset of tumors is driven by viral infection including Kaposi sarcoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and others. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an especially common cause of epithelial cancers and hyperplasias. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EDV) is a rare type of HPV infection with characteristic histopathologic features and a unique spectrum of HPV subtypes. We report here a distinctive form of EDV-associated eccrine neoplasia. Seven tumors from two patients were analyzed and show highly uniform features including multiple clustered clinical lesions, multifocal epidermal origin, eccrine differentiation with close association with the acrosyringium, an anastomosing growth pattern, and a bland monotonous poroid-to-basaloid cytomorphology. Clinical follow-up for one patient has been benign to date. These tumors show strong similarity to two previously reported cases, suggesting that this type of EDV-associated eccrine neoplasia may represent a rare but reproducible form of skin adnexal tumor with distinctive clinicopathologic features.
Topics: Humans; Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis; Papillomavirus Infections; Sweat Gland Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 38483613
DOI: 10.1007/s00428-024-03785-w -
The American Journal of Dermatopathology Feb 2024The distinction between digital papillary adenocarcinoma (DPAC) and benign cutaneous adnexal tumors is clinically important and can be challenging. Poroid hidradenoma...
The distinction between digital papillary adenocarcinoma (DPAC) and benign cutaneous adnexal tumors is clinically important and can be challenging. Poroid hidradenoma frequently occurs at acral sites and can show a number of histological features, which overlap with digital papillary adenocarcinoma. Recent work has shown that YAP1-NUTM1 fusions are frequent in poroid hidradenoma and are associated with nuclear protein in testis (NUT) expression by immunohistochemistry. We evaluated the expression of NUT-1 by immunohistochemistry in 4 cases of DPAC and 4 cases of poroid hidradenoma. Three of 4 cases of poroid hidradenoma showed strong NUT-1 expression, with no staining in any of the cases of DPAC. These results suggest that NUT-1 immunohistochemistry may be a useful additional tool in evaluating this differential diagnosis.
Topics: Male; Humans; Carcinoma, Papillary; Acrospiroma; Sweat Gland Neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary; Poroma
PubMed: 37982500
DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002596 -
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Poroma; Dermoscopy; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Skin Neoplasms; Sweat Gland Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 37401454
DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad225 -
The American Journal of Dermatopathology Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Keratosis, Seborrheic; Poroma; Immunohistochemistry; Diagnosis, Differential; Skin Neoplasms; Eccrine Porocarcinoma; Carcinoma in Situ; Sweat Gland Neoplasms; GATA3 Transcription Factor
PubMed: 37506277
DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002503 -
The Australasian Journal of Dermatology Aug 2023Poroma is skin cancer that arises from the sweat gland cells. Its diagnosis could be difficult. Line-field optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a novel imaging...
Poroma is skin cancer that arises from the sweat gland cells. Its diagnosis could be difficult. Line-field optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a novel imaging technique that has shown promise in the diagnosis and monitoring of various skin conditions. We report a case of poroma diagnosed by LC-OCT.
Topics: Humans; Poroma; Sweat Gland Neoplasms; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Sweat Glands; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 37154231
DOI: 10.1111/ajd.14070 -
Human Pathology Jun 2024Sweat gland neoplasms represent a challenging area of dermatopathology, as they are relatively uncommon and often histopathologically complex. Recent studies have...
Ancillary immunohistochemical and molecular testing in the classification of cutaneous sweat gland/duct neoplasms: A validation study with emphasis on histomorphologic correlation and pathological diagnosis.
Sweat gland neoplasms represent a challenging area of dermatopathology, as they are relatively uncommon and often histopathologically complex. Recent studies have uncovered distinct immunohistochemical and molecular profiles in several sweat gland neoplasms, including digital papillary adenocarcinoma (DPA), papillary eccrine adenoma/tubular apocrine adenoma (PEA/TAA), poroid family tumors (PFT)/porocarcinoma, and clear cell hidradenoma (CCH)/clear cell hidradenocarcinoma (CCHCa). To further evaluate the diagnostic utility of ancillary studies in various sweat gland neoplasms, we performed an independent validation study in a cohort of patients with acral and non-acral tumors (9 DPA, 8 PEA/TAA, 13 PFT, 5 porocarcinoma, 23 CCH, 7 CCHCa, 6 sweat gland carcinoma not otherwise specified). p63 immunohistochemistry (IHC) demonstrated a myoepithelial pattern in 8/8 DPA and 4 of 4 tested PEA/TAA cases, and showed a ductal pattern in all tested PFT/porocarcinoma and CCH/CCHCa cases (42/42). All PEA/TAA (8/8) cases were positive for BRAF V600E IHC. 5 of 12 tested PFT and 5/5 porocarcinoma cases showed either positive staining with NUT IHC or harbored YAP1::NUTM1 fusion gene by RNA sequencing. MAML2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was positive in all CCH and CCHCa cases (23/23 and 7/7, respectively). Our results further support the usefulness of appropriate ancillary studies in precise classification of sweat gland tumors, which may be routinely applied in diagnostic pathology practice when morphologic evaluation is in doubt.
PubMed: 38876201
DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.06.006 -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2024Acquired digital fibrokeratoma (ADF) is rare in clinical practice and is easily misdiagnosed. Herein, 5 cases of patients (3 males and 2 females) with ADF are reported....
Acquired digital fibrokeratoma (ADF) is rare in clinical practice and is easily misdiagnosed. Herein, 5 cases of patients (3 males and 2 females) with ADF are reported. The mean age at onset was 42.6 years, and the mean disease duration was 3 years. Four patients had ADF on the hands, and 1 patient had ADF on the foot. The clinical manifestations were all solitary, skin-colored papules, with a firm texture and smooth surface, protruding from the skin surface. In 3 patients, ADF manifested as columnar protrusions, and in 2 patients, ADF manifested as dome-shaped protrusions. For all 5 patients, the diameters of the lesions were <1 cm. Clinically, all 5 patients were misdiagnosed (ie, eccrine poroma (EP), common warts, rudimentary polydactyly, pyogenic granuloma (PG), and acral fibroma). All cases of ADF were confirmed by histopathology. The histopathological manifestations of ADF were as follows: finger-like protrusions on the skin surface; collagen fiber bundles running vertically to the epidermis seen in the dermis; and thick red-stained collagen fibers connected with the normal dermal connective tissue below. All 5 patients underwent surgical resection; the distance between the incision margin and the edge of the tumor was 2-3 mm, and the surgical depth was the deep dermis. No recurrence was observed in more than half a year of follow-up after surgery.
PubMed: 38314146
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S447798 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology May 2024Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is an antibody-drug conjugate directed against Nectin-4 that is used to treat urothelial carcinoma. Nectin-4 is inherently expressed in the skin...
BACKGROUND
Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is an antibody-drug conjugate directed against Nectin-4 that is used to treat urothelial carcinoma. Nectin-4 is inherently expressed in the skin and adnexal structures. Since therapeutic options for cutaneous adnexal carcinomas are limited, we sought to evaluate Nectin-4 expression in adnexal carcinomas and benign adnexal neoplasms to identify tumors that are potentially targetable with EV.
METHODS
Eight sebaceous carcinomas (seven periocular and one lymph node metastasis), eight digital papillary adenocarcinomas, seven squamoid eccrine ductal carcinomas, eight poromas, eight trichilemmomas, and seven sebaceous adenomas were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for anti-Nectin-4 antibody. H-scores for Nectin-4 expression were calculated.
RESULTS
Benign adnexal neoplasms had a significantly lower mean (±SD) Nectin-4 H-score (142.6 ± 39.1) than did the adnexal carcinomas (198 ± 90.8; p = 0.006). Nectin-4 was expressed in 91% (21/23) of adnexal carcinomas. Sebaceous carcinomas frequently exhibited high expression of Nectin-4 (88% [7/8]), with a mean (±SD) H-score (258.1 ± 58.4) significantly higher than those for digital papillary adenocarcinomas (197.5 ± 52.5; p = 0.035) and squamoid eccrine ductal carcinomas (131.4 ± 114.1; p = 0.031). Sebaceous carcinomas also had significantly higher H-scores than did sebaceous adenomas (186.4 ± 25.0; p = 0.013).
CONCLUSIONS
Increased Nectin-4 expression in a subset of cutaneous adnexal carcinomas, particularly sebaceous carcinomas, reveals that EV is a potential therapeutic option for these tumors.
Topics: Humans; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary; Adenoma; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Carcinoma, Ductal; Carcinoma, Skin Appendage; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Nectins; Neoplasms, Adnexal and Skin Appendage; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms; Sweat Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 38200650
DOI: 10.1111/cup.14579 -
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; Poroma; Dermoscopy; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Skin Neoplasms; Sweat Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 37811873
DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad349