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Canadian Journal of Physiology and... Aug 2023() is one of the most responsible periodontopathogenic bacteria in the development of periodontal disease (PD); however, its role in the development of other diseases...
() is one of the most responsible periodontopathogenic bacteria in the development of periodontal disease (PD); however, its role in the development of other diseases still needs to be understood, specially its implications in the causation of cardiovascular pathogenesis. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a direct association between -induced PD with that of the development of cardiovascular disease, and whether a long-term administration of probiotic(s) could help improve the cardiovascular disease outcome. To test this hypothesis, we employed four different experimental groups of mice, designated as: : Wild-type (WT) mice (C57BL/6J); : GG (LGG) (WT mice treated with a probiotic; LGG), PD (WT mice treated with ), and : PD + LGG (WT mice treated with and LGG). PD was created by injecting 2 µL (i.e., 20 µg) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intragingivally between the 1st and 2nd mandibular molars, two times a week for a total period of 6 weeks. The PD (LGG) intervention was done orally employing 2.5 × 10 CFU/day for a continuous period of 12 weeks. Immediately before the mice were sacrificed, echocardiography of the heart was performed, and after sacrifice, we collected serum samples, hearts, and the periodontal tissue. Histological assessment, cytokine analysis, and zymography of the cardiac tissue were performed. Results revealed inflammation of the heart muscle in the PD group that was marked by infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes, followed by fibrosis. Cytokine analysis of the mice sera revealed significantly elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A in the PD group along with LPS-binding protein, and CD14. Most importantly, we observed elevated levels of mRNAs in the heart tissues of PD mice. Zymographic analysis demonstrated matrix remodeling as revealed by increasing content of MMP-9 in the heart tissues of PD mice. Interestingly, LGG treatment was able to mitigate most of the pathological effects. The findings suggest that could lead to cardiovascular system disorder and that probiotic intervention could alleviate, and most likely prevent bacteremia and its harmful effect(s) on the cardiovascular function.
PubMed: 37207360
DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0392 -
Bioactive Materials Jul 2023Periodontitis is admittedly a microbe-driven intractable infectious disease, in which () plays a keystone role. can selectively impair the antimicrobial responses of...
Periodontitis is admittedly a microbe-driven intractable infectious disease, in which () plays a keystone role. can selectively impair the antimicrobial responses of periodontal resident macrophages including their phagocytic and bactericidal activity without interfering their proinflammatory activity, which leads to microflora disturbance, destructive periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss eventually. Here, an injectable ROS-sensitive hydrogel is developed for releasing active bone marrow-derived macrophages (named macrophages hereafter) and a complement C5a receptor antagonist (C5A) to the gingival crevice. Through appropriately tuning the hydrogel stiffness, the phagocytic activity of these macrophages is greatly enhanced, reaching an optimal performance at the elastic modulus of 106 kPa. Meanwhile, C5A avoids undesired C5a receptor activation by to ensure the bacterial killing activity of both the and macrophages. Besides, the ROS-sensitive hydrogels show another distinct feature of decreasing the ROS level in periodontal niche, which contributes to the alleviated periodontal inflammation and attenuated bone loss as well. This study highlights the potential of utilizing hydrogels with tailored biomechanical properties to remodel the functions of therapeutic cells, which is expected to find wide applications even beyond periodontitis treatment.
PubMed: 36852104
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.011 -
Periodontology 2000 Feb 2024Localized juvenile (aggressive) periodontitis starts at puberty in otherwise healthy individuals and involves the proximal surfaces of permanent incisors and first... (Review)
Review
Localized juvenile (aggressive) periodontitis starts at puberty in otherwise healthy individuals and involves the proximal surfaces of permanent incisors and first molars. The disease destroys a sizeable amount of periodontal bone within a few months despite minimal dental plaque and gingival tissue inflammation. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, as well as the two main periodontopathic bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, are linked to juvenile periodontitis. Juvenile periodontitis-affected teeth show cementum hypoplasia. We hypothesize that an active herpesvirus infection, at the time of root formation, hampers cementum formation and, at puberty, herpesvirus reactivation triggers an upgrowth of bacterial pathogens which produce rapid periodontal destruction on teeth with a defective periodontium. A pathogenic interaction between active herpesviruses and bacterial pathogens can potentially explain the etiology and incisor-first molar destructive pattern of juvenile periodontitis. Effective treatment of juvenile periodontitis may target the herpesvirus-bacteria co-infection.
Topics: Humans; Aggressive Periodontitis; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Coinfection; Cytomegalovirus; Herpesviridae Infections; Herpesviridae; Herpesvirus 4, Human
PubMed: 37345343
DOI: 10.1111/prd.12501 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2023Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common abdomen clinical emergency. Most APs have mild clinical symptoms and a good prognosis. However, about 20% of patients develop severe...
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common abdomen clinical emergency. Most APs have mild clinical symptoms and a good prognosis. However, about 20% of patients develop severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), increasing morbidity and mortality. The microbiome's impact on AP pathophysiology has received increasing attention. Hence, to explore changes in oral microbial composition in acute pancreatitis, we collected clinical information and oral saliva samples from 136 adult participants: 47 healthy controls, 43 acute mild AP (MAP), 29 moderate AP (MSAP), and 17 severe AP (SAP). Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 663,175 high-quality sequences were identified. The relative abundance and diversity of oral microorganisms in AP patients increased, with decreased beneficial bacteria such as , , and , and increased , and in the AP group. Further changes in microbial composition occurred with increasing disease severity, including a decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria such as , and in MSAP and SAP compared to MAP. Moreover, the Lefse analysis showed that , and were better microbial markers for AP. Therefore, oral microbiome changes could distinguish AP from healthy individuals and serve as an early novel predictor of disease severity in AP patients.
PubMed: 37808891
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2264619 -
Odontology Oct 2023Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen associated with periodontitis development, a chronic inflammatory pathology characterized by the destruction of the... (Review)
Review
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen associated with periodontitis development, a chronic inflammatory pathology characterized by the destruction of the supporting teeth structure. Macrophages are recruited cells in the inflammatory infiltrate from patients with periodontitis. They are activated by the P. gingivalis virulence factors arsenal, promoting an inflammatory microenvironment characterized by cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), prostaglandins, and metalloproteinases (MMPs) that foster the tissular destruction characteristic of periodontitis. Furthermore, P. gingivalis suppresses the generation of nitric oxide, a potent antimicrobial molecule, through its degradation, and incorporating its byproducts as a source of energy. Oral antimicrobial peptides can contribute to controlling the disease due to their antimicrobial and immunoregulatory activity, which allows them to maintain homeostasis in the oral cavity. This study aimed to analyze the immunopathological role of macrophages activated by P. gingivalis in periodontitis and suggested using antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic agents to treat the disease.
Topics: Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Antimicrobial Peptides; Macrophages; Periodontitis; Immunomodulation
PubMed: 36897441
DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00798-w -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023
Topics: Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Immune Evasion; Dysbiosis; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 37842000
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1289103 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Dec 2023The aim of present study was to examine the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) adhesion on dental zirconia by characterizing the physical and chemical properties.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of present study was to examine the effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) adhesion on dental zirconia by characterizing the physical and chemical properties.
METHODS
Eighty polished-sintered zirconia discs were prepared and randomly distributed to 5 groups (n = 16): Zirconia cultured with - Group 1: broth containing P.g. for - 3 days; Group 2: 7 days; Group 3: broth (alone) for - 3 days; Group 4: 7 days; and Group 5: dry discs (negative control). After experimental period, broths were analyzed for pH and Zr release with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The zirconia surface was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), water contact angle (WCA), and biaxial flexural strength (BFS).
RESULTS
The mean pH with zirconia adhesion to P.g. group was significantly higher than the broth control (p < 0.05). As per ICP-OES, Zr ion/particulate release with P.g. adhesion to zirconia were significantly higher than the controls (p < 0.05). Post-experimental incubation, no defects were found on zirconia surfaces; tetragonal phase remained constant with no transformation to monoclinic phase but lower peak intensities were identified in experimental groups. WCA of zirconia surfaces with P.g. bacteria for 3 days (12.04° ± 2.05°) and 7 days (15.09° ± 2.95°) were significantly higher than zirconia surfaces immersed with broth (only) for 3 days (7.17° ± 1.09°) and 7 days (7.55° ± 0.65°), respectively (p < 0.05). BFS values of zirconia with P.g. for 3 days (632.57 ± 119.96 MPa) and 7 days (656.17 ± 100.29 MPa) were significantly lower than zirconia incubated in broth alone (765.01 ± 20.12 MPa) conditions (p < 0.05).
SIGNIFICANCE
Under the conditions of present study, it can be concluded that P.g. adhesion on zirconia leads to structural alterations of dental zirconia further contributing to zirconia degradation.
Topics: Dental Materials; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Zirconium; Water; Surface Properties; Yttrium; Ceramics
PubMed: 37839996
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.10.004 -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2023The dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and vascular translocation of the periodontopathic microorganism to peripheral blood can cause local and systemic extra-oral... (Review)
Review
The dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and vascular translocation of the periodontopathic microorganism to peripheral blood can cause local and systemic extra-oral inflammation. Microorganisms associated with the subgingival biofilm are readily translocated to the peripheral circulation, generating bacteremia and endotoxemia, increasing the inflammation in the vascular endothelium and resulting in endothelial dysfunction. This review aimed to demonstrate how the dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and the translocation of oral pathogen-induced inflammation to peripheral blood may be linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The dysbiosis of the oral microbiome can regulate blood pressure and activate endothelial dysfunction. Similarly, the passage of periodontal microorganisms into the peripheral circulation and their virulence factors have been associated with a vascular compartment with a great capacity to activate endothelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, and plaquettes and increase interleukin and chemokine secretion, as well as oxidative stress. This inflammatory process is related to atherosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis, and stroke. Therefore, oral diseases could be involved in CVDs via inflammation. The preclinic and clinical evidence suggests that periodontal disease increases the proinflammatory markers associated with endothelial dysfunction. Likewise, the evidence from clinical studies of periodontal treatment in the long term evidenced the reduction of these markers and improved overall health in patients with CVDs.
PubMed: 37711554
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1250263 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023is a Gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. expresses a variety of virulence factors that disrupt innate... (Review)
Review
is a Gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. expresses a variety of virulence factors that disrupt innate and adaptive immunity, allowing to survive and multiply in the host and destroy periodontal tissue. In addition to periodontal disease, is also associated with systemic diseases, of which insulin resistance is an important pathological basis. causes a systemic inflammatory response, disrupts insulin signaling pathways, induces pancreatic β-cell hypofunction and reduced numbers, and causes decreased insulin sensitivity leading to insulin resistance (IR). In this paper, we systematically review the studies on the mechanism of insulin resistance induced by , discuss the association between and systemic diseases based on insulin resistance, and finally propose relevant therapeutic approaches. Overall, through a systematic review of the mechanisms related to systemic diseases caused by through insulin resistance, we hope to provide new insights for future basic research and clinical interventions for related systemic diseases.
Topics: Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Insulin Resistance; Base Composition; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Insulin
PubMed: 37520442
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1209381 -
Vaccine Jul 2023Periodontal disease has become a serious public health problem, not only causing tooth loss, but also inducing chronic disorders of extra-oral organs. The present study...
Periodontal disease has become a serious public health problem, not only causing tooth loss, but also inducing chronic disorders of extra-oral organs. The present study assessed an intranasal vaccine strategy to prevent periodontal disease using outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of two major periodontopathic bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). We compared the morphology, composition, and immune activity between OMVs of Pg strain ATCC 33277 and Aa strain Y4. Aa OMVs had a smoother surface and stronger lipid A activity compared to Pg OMVs. The in vitro immune activity elicited by Aa OMVs in macrophage-like cells was remarkably stronger than that of Pg OMVs. Intranasal immunization of mice with Aa OMVs alone resulted in robust, humoral immune responses in blood and saliva. Despites the intrinsically low mucosal immunogenicity of Pg OMVs alone, using Aa OMVs as a mucosal adjuvant strongly enhanced Pg-specific immune responses, resulting in both serum IgG and salivary IgA, both of which aggregated Pg and Aa cells. Furthermore, Aa OMVs were found to be a more potent mucosal adjuvant than Poly(I:C) in the context of enhancing the production of Pg-specific IgG (especially IgG2a) and IgA. In addition, in a randomized, blinded study, mice oral challenged with Pg and Aa after intranasal immunization with Pg OMVs and Aa OMVs had significantly decreased numbers of both microorganisms compared to mock-immunized mice. Furthermore, in an intracerebral injection mouse model, there were no serious adverse effects on the brain even after administrating a dose of OMVs as same as that used for intranasal administration. Taken together, the bivalent OMV intranasal vaccine may be effective in preventing colonization of periodontopathic bacteria in the oral cavity and related systemic disorders associated with periodontal diseases.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Administration, Intranasal; Vaccines, Combined; Periodontal Diseases; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin A; Antibodies, Bacterial
PubMed: 37302966
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.058