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Veterinary Pathology Sep 2023Ocular lesions are uncommonly reported and described in invertebrate species. In this study, cases from 2 diagnostic laboratories, in which lesions were noted in 33...
Ocular lesions are uncommonly reported and described in invertebrate species. In this study, cases from 2 diagnostic laboratories, in which lesions were noted in 33 diagnostic specimens from various species of cephalopods, including octopuses, squid, nautiluses, and cuttlefish, were reviewed. Clinical information and gross lesions were described in a minority of cases. The most common lesion was inflammation of varying severity and was most commonly within the anterior uvea (iris and ciliary papilla), followed by the posterior chamber and lens. More than half of the cases with inflammation had concurrent hyperplastic lesions of the iris and ciliary papilla, including posterior iris epithelial hyperplasia, cystic adenomatous hyperplasia, and/or posterior epithelial cysts. The most common clinical observation was cloudy eyes, which correlated histologically to anterior uveitis in all cases where it was documented. Dermatitis and cutaneous ulceration were the most frequent comorbidities in cases where clinical information was available.
Topics: Animals; Cephalopoda; Hyperplasia; Iris; Lens, Crystalline; Inflammation
PubMed: 36321800
DOI: 10.1177/03009858221133079 -
Medicina Clinica Aug 2023Analyse and describe the anatomical and etiological classification, clinical and epidemiological characteristics and most frequent symptoms of uveitis cases in our... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
PURPOSE
Analyse and describe the anatomical and etiological classification, clinical and epidemiological characteristics and most frequent symptoms of uveitis cases in our population.
PATIENTS AND METHOD
Descriptive, retrospective observational study of uveitis cases treated in the Ophthalmology Department of Virgen del Rocío University Hospital in 2021. The demographic and clinical characteristics were studied.
RESULTS
A total of 109cases of uveitis were studied, 46 men and 63 women, with a mean age of 45.43±16.11 years. The most frequent symptoms were pain (74.31%), hyperemia (73.39%) and blurred vision (65.14%). The most frequent anatomical classification was anterior (55.96%), followed by panuveitis (18.35%), posterior (12.84%) and intermediate uveitis (7.34%). Regarding etiology, most uveitis were idiopathic (42.99%), followed by non-infectious (38.32%) and finally infectious (18.69%).
CONCLUSIONS
In southern España, the characteristics of uveitis are similar to other studies in Western countries.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Uveitis; Panuveitis; Retrospective Studies; Vision Disorders; Hospitals, University
PubMed: 37248128
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.04.009 -
Journal of the Formosan Medical... Aug 2023Cytomegalovirus (CMV) uveitis, a type of herpetic uveitis, is a major cause of infectious uveitis. Anterior and posterior CMV uveitis have diverse clinical presentations...
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) uveitis, a type of herpetic uveitis, is a major cause of infectious uveitis. Anterior and posterior CMV uveitis have diverse clinical presentations and treatment modalities. Based on expert consensus in Taiwan, this article provides suggestions regarding clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for CMV uveitis based on clinical practice experience in Taiwan. CMV uveitis may have a distinct clinical presentation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an essential diagnostic tool to confirm a diagnosis. Antiviral therapy is the mainstay of treatment. Different agents, routes, and other supplemental treatments have been summarized and discussed in this article. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of CMV uveitis are crucial to avoid irreversible complications and vision loss. This consensus provides practical guidelines for ophthalmologists in Taiwan.
Topics: Humans; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Taiwan; Consensus; Uveitis, Anterior; Eye Infections, Viral; DNA, Viral; Uveitis
PubMed: 37003913
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.03.014 -
The American Journal of Pathology Nov 2023Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) represent a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of progressive and visually debilitating disorders that can lead to... (Review)
Review
Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) represent a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of progressive and visually debilitating disorders that can lead to irreversible visual loss. Our understanding of IRD pathogenesis at both the genetic and cellular levels has increased tremendously over the past two decades, but the exact pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Enhanced understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases can result in new treatment targets. Alterations in the human gut microbiome play a key role in the pathogenesis of many ocular and nonocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, neurologic and metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions. The gut microbiome regulates the susceptibility of mice to develop experimental autoimmune uveitis, a model for autoimmune disease of the posterior portion of the eye elicited by the systemic response to retinal antigens. Because of the mounting evidence in favor of a role for local and systemic inflammatory and autoimmune-mediated components to IRD pathogenesis, this review presents the current knowledge of gut microbiome in IRDs and discusses the association between possible changes in gut microbiome and pathogenesis of these diseases, with special attention to their possible contribution to the inflammatory underpinnings of IRDs.
PubMed: 37024045
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.03.005 -
Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Dec 2023To provide an overview of pediatric pars planitis. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To provide an overview of pediatric pars planitis.
METHODS
Narrative literature review.
RESULTS
Pars planitis refers to the idiopathic subset of intermediate uveitis in which there is vitritis along with snowball or snowbank formation occurring in the absence of an associated infection or systemic disease. It is thought to be a T-cell mediated disease with a genetic predisposition. Pars planitis accounts for 5-26.7% of pediatric uveitis cases. Presentation is commonly bilateral but asymmetric, often with insidious onset of floaters and blurred vision. Although pars planitis is known to be a benign form of uveitis in most cases, severe complications secondary to chronic inflammation may arise, with cystoid macular edema being the most common cause of visual morbidity. Mild vitritis in the absence of symptoms, vision loss, or macular edema may be observed. Patients with severe vitritis and/or associated vision-threatening complications require prompt aggressive treatment. A stepladder approach including corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, anti‑tumor necrosis factor‑alpha and pars plana vitrectomy and/or laser photocoagulation is the most commonly used method for treatment of pars planitis.
CONCLUSION
Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment of pediatric pars planitis and associated complications are crucial in order to improve visual outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Child; Pars Planitis; Uveitis, Intermediate; Uveitis; Vitrectomy; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Macular Edema; Endophthalmitis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37976519
DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2279683 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023The method of quantitative fundus autofluorescence (qAF) can be used to assess the levels of bisretinoids in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells so as to aid the... (Review)
Review
The method of quantitative fundus autofluorescence (qAF) can be used to assess the levels of bisretinoids in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells so as to aid the interpretation and management of a variety of retinal conditions. In this review, we focused on seven retinal diseases to highlight the possible pathways to increased fundus autofluorescence. - and -associated diseases benefit from known mechanisms whereby gene malfunctioning leads to elevated bisretinoid levels in RPE cells. On the other hand, -associated disease (), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), and ()-associated retinal degeneration all express abnormally high fundus autofluorescence levels without a demonstrated pathophysiological pathway for bisretinoid elevation. We suggest that, while a known link from gene mutation to increased production of bisretinoids (as in - and -associated diseases) causes primary elevation in fundus autofluorescence, a secondary autofluorescence elevation also exists, where an impairment and degeneration of photoreceptor cells by various causes leads to an increase in bisretinoid levels in RPE cells.
Topics: Humans; Fundus Oculi; Photoreceptor Cells; Retinal Degeneration; Scotoma; White Dot Syndromes; Fluorescein Angiography; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Alcohol Oxidoreductases
PubMed: 37569703
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512327 -
Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Dec 2023To describe the long-term prevalence of ocular complications and visual prognosis in patients with pediatric uveitis.
PURPOSE
To describe the long-term prevalence of ocular complications and visual prognosis in patients with pediatric uveitis.
METHODS
Demographics, etiology and location of uveitis, type of complications, treatment and visual outcomes were recorded in 296 children at first examination and at 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- and 10-year time points.
RESULTS
Αnterior uveitis represented 53.4% of cases, followed by intermediate (28.0%), posterior uveitis (11.1%) and panuveitis (7.4%). The leading diagnoses were idiopathic uveitis (31.1%), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (27.0%) and pars planitis (22.6%). Posterior synechiae was the most frequent complication of anterior uveitis and panuveitis, cystoid macular edema and disc edema of intermediate and posterior uveitis respectively. Posterior uveitis and panuveitis had more severe final vision loss (23.1% and 20% respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides clinical characteristics and main complications in a longitudinal long-term follow-up of a large non-infectious pediatric uveitis Greek population. Early diagnosis and close monitoring remain of fundamental importance.
Topics: Child; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Uveitis; Uveitis, Posterior; Panuveitis; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 36693268
DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2162422 -
Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Dec 2023Faricimab, a novel pharmaceutical agent targeting both angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A pathways, has gained approval for treating neovascular...
PURPOSE
Faricimab, a novel pharmaceutical agent targeting both angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A pathways, has gained approval for treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema. While clinical trials have demonstrated its favorable safety profile, this research presents two cases of hypertensive uveitis following intravitreal Faricimab injections.
METHODS
Medical history, clinical findings and multimodal images were retrospectively collected.
RESULTS
The patients experienced elevated intraocular pressure, mutton-fat keratic precipitates, anterior and posterior segment inflammation shortly after faricimab administration.
CONCLUSIONS
These cases prompt further investigation into the potential risk of uveitis associated with faricimab and underscore the importance of continued monitoring and research to elucidate its real-world safety profile.
PubMed: 38133943
DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2293925 -
Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology Oct 2023Ophthalmologic involvement in monogenic autoinflammatory diseases has been explored mainly in paediatric patients. The aim of this study is to characterise...
OBJECTIVES
Ophthalmologic involvement in monogenic autoinflammatory diseases has been explored mainly in paediatric patients. The aim of this study is to characterise ophthalmologic manifestations, therapeutic management and visual outcomes in a Spanish (UVESAI) cohort of adult/paediatric patients with monogenic autoinflammatory diseases.
METHODS
Multicentre and retrospective study of patients with monogenic autoinflammatory diseases and ocular involvement. Eye manifestations, structural complications, treatments used and visual outcomes were analysed, and compared with previous studies.
RESULTS
Forty-six patients (44/2 adults/children; 21/25 adult/paediatric-onset) with monogenic autoinflammatory diseases [cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes (n=13/28.3%), mainly Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS) (n=11/24%); familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) (n=12/26%); TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS); (n=9/20%); Blau syndrome (n=8/17%); hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome (HIDS) (n=2/4.3%), deficiency of adenosine deaminase-2 and NLRC4-Autoinflammatory disease] (one each) were included. Conjunctivitis (n=26/56.5%) and uveitis (n=23/50%) were the most frequent ocular manifestations. Twelve (26.1%) patients developed structural complications, being cataracts (n=11/24%) and posterior synechiae (n=10/22%) the most frequent. Conjunctivitis predominated in TRAPS, FMF, MWS and HIDS (mainly in adults), and uveitis, in Blau syndrome. Seven (8%) eyes (all with uveitis) presented with impaired visual acuity. Local and systemic treatment led to good visual outcomes in most patients. Compared with previous studies mainly including paediatric patients, less severe ocular involvement was observed in our adult/paediatric cohort.
CONCLUSIONS
Conjunctivitis was the most common ocular manifestation in our TRAPS, FMF, MWS and HIDS patients, and uveitis predominated in Blau syndrome. Severe eye complications and poor visual prognosis were associated with uveitis. Adults with monogenic autoinflammatory diseases seem to exhibit a less severe ophthalmologic presentation than paediatric patients.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adult; Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Adenosine Deaminase; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Uveitis; Familial Mediterranean Fever; Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes; Conjunctivitis
PubMed: 37812477
DOI: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/ukegcc