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Nutrients Oct 2023This multicentric cohort study aimed to describe changes in dietary patterns during pregnancy and postpartum and the association with BMI variation at six and twelve...
This multicentric cohort study aimed to describe changes in dietary patterns during pregnancy and postpartum and the association with BMI variation at six and twelve months postpartum in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Between 2014 and 2018, we enrolled women with GDM in prenatal clinics of the Brazilian National Health System and followed them for one year postpartum. The dietary patterns during pregnancy and the postpartum period were obtained by factorial analysis. The relationship between these patterns and variation in postpartum BMI was evaluated by Poisson regression with robust variance adjusted for confounders. We identified three dietary patterns in 584 women, two healthy (generally healthy and Dash type), which were associated with less weight gain (RR 0.77 CI 95% 0.62-0.96 and RR 0.71 CI 95% 0.57-0.88, respectively). The high-risk pattern (based on ultra-processed, high-calorie foods and sweetened drinks) was associated with weight gain (RR 1.31 CI 95% 1.07-1.61 and RR 1.26 CI 95% 1.01-1.59) in six and twelve months postpartum, respectively. Although the participants learned about healthy dieting during pregnancy, dietary habits worsened from pregnancy to postpartum, especially, with lower consumption of fruits and dairy and higher consumption of sweetened beverages, with consequent weight gain postpartum. Postpartum support is needed to prevent weight gain and obesity.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Diabetes, Gestational; Cohort Studies; Postpartum Period; Obesity; Weight Gain; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 37836542
DOI: 10.3390/nu15194258 -
Hypertension Research : Official... Jun 2024Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are common complications associated with maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Insights gained from... (Review)
Review
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are common complications associated with maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Insights gained from long-term cohort studies have revealed that women with a history of HDP are predisposed to recurrent HDP in subsequent pregnancies and face heightened risks for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases later in life. Pregnancy is a unique condition that overloads maternal cardiac and metabolic functions, and is recognized as a "maternal stress test" for future cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Pregnancy and postpartum period provide a valuable opportunity for identifying women with underlying and unrecognized cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. Establishing an effective postpartum healthcare program for women who have experienced HDP is crucial in reducing the future risk of health complications. Postpartum care consists of supportive care for both mothers and children, including not only the assessment of physical and psychological well-being but also long-term postpartum preventive health management. Interpregnancy care is a continuum from postpartum care and includes supportive care to prepare for future pregnancies. Various initiatives across nations have been initiated to establish follow-up programs for women with a history of HDP; however, sufficient evidence of the impact of such programs is not available. Substantial challenges persist in establishing an efficient postpartum follow-up program, including educational strategies, selection of effective lifestyle interventions, and collaboration among various healthcare providers. This review outlines the postpartum and interpregnancy care of women who have experienced HDP as well as the current status and challenges of related healthcare initiatives in Japan.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Postnatal Care; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 38467793
DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01641-7 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Nov 2023
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Sports Medicine; Postpartum Period; Physicians
PubMed: 37879859
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107465 -
The Journal of International Medical... May 2024The Postpartum Care Services (PCS) programme in Japan is intended to promote physical recovery and psychological rest for mothers and their children after discharge from... (Review)
Review
The Postpartum Care Services (PCS) programme in Japan is intended to promote physical recovery and psychological rest for mothers and their children after discharge from the delivery facility, as well as nurture the mothers' own self-care skills and support healthy childrearing for mothers, children and their families. The subsidies for PCS are based on cooperation between psychiatry and obstetrics and between multiple professions, including the local government. The services should also be implemented based on the instruction to medical institutions and the local governments that they should actively screen and approach pregnant women in need of support. This narrative review describes the challenges of expanding the PCS programme nationwide in Japan.
Topics: Humans; Japan; Female; Postnatal Care; Pregnancy; Postpartum Period; Obstetrics; Mothers
PubMed: 38785226
DOI: 10.1177/03000605241254326 -
Prepartum and postpartum mothers' and fathers' feelings of frustration in response to infant crying.Infant Mental Health Journal May 2024In this cross-sectional study performed in Canada, we evaluated the frustration levels of prepartum and postpartum mother and father couple-pairs. Our goal was to...
In this cross-sectional study performed in Canada, we evaluated the frustration levels of prepartum and postpartum mother and father couple-pairs. Our goal was to determine if there were differences in frustration levels between mothers and fathers while listening to prolonged infant crying, and further, how frustration levels might differ between prepartum and postpartum samples. Using two discrete groups, prepartum (Sample 1; N = 48) and postpartum (Sample 2; N = 44) mother and father couple-pairs completed 600 s of listening to audio-recorded infant cry sounds. Participants continuously reported their subjective frustration using a computerized Continuous Visual Analog Scale (CVAS). There was no significant difference in frustration responses between mothers and fathers across both prepartum and postpartum samples. Postpartum mothers and fathers experienced greater frustration than their prepartum counterparts, and frustration increased faster in postpartum couples compared to prepartum couples. Informing first-time parents of the universal experiences of frustration to prolonged crying bouts that are characteristic of their infant's early weeks of life may lead to greater understanding towards their infant, and perhaps decreased instances of harmful responses.
Topics: Humans; Crying; Female; Male; Adult; Frustration; Fathers; Postpartum Period; Cross-Sectional Studies; Mothers; Infant; Pregnancy; Canada; Young Adult; Infant, Newborn
PubMed: 38343150
DOI: 10.1002/imhj.22107 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Dec 2023Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) impact many aspects of reproductive health for women and non-binary and transgender individuals assigned female at birth. In this... (Review)
Review
Reproductive Health Among Those with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: An Overview of Considerations Related to the Premenopausal Period, Pregnancy and Postpartum, and the Menopausal Transition, with a Focus on Recent Findings.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) impact many aspects of reproductive health for women and non-binary and transgender individuals assigned female at birth. In this narrative review, we highlight considerations and recent research related to (1) the premenopausal period, (2) pregnancy and postpartum, and (3) the menopausal transition.
RECENT FINDINGS
Most recent research has focused on pregnancy and the postpartum period, and specifically on elucidating perinatal risk factors, adverse obstetrical and neonatal outcomes (and modifiable contributors such as smoking), long-term child health, and psychotropic medications (with reassuring results related antipsychotic-associated gestational diabetes mellitus and neurodevelopmental outcomes). Much less recent focus has been on menstruation and menopause, although some research has highlighted the relative worsening of illness peri-menstrually and peri-menopausally. Despite the many important reproductive considerations for those with SSD, many aspects including menstruation and menopause have received very little attention. Further research is needed on how to best support women, non-binary, and transgender people assigned female at birth with SSD throughout the lifespan.
Topics: Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Child; Female; Humans; Schizophrenia; Premenopause; Reproductive Health; Menopause; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 37906350
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01472-2 -
Western Journal of Nursing Research Aug 2023Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) is a significant contributor to maternal cardiometabolic disease risk. The transition to motherhood is a stressful time period in... (Review)
Review
Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) is a significant contributor to maternal cardiometabolic disease risk. The transition to motherhood is a stressful time period in which women report consuming food to cope, an eating behavior that is associated with PPWR. In this scoping review, we identified original research and review articles published since 2010 that examined relationships among PPWR, maternal stress, and disinhibited eating. In total, 16 articles met the inclusion criteria. Findings were inconsistent related to PPWR and stress. PPWR and disinhibited eating were not significantly correlated; however, disinhibition scores were higher during the postpartum period compared to prenatally. Stress and disinhibited eating were directly correlated in 4 studies. Our findings suggest these concepts, particularly disinhibited eating, have not been robustly examined during the postpartum period. Additionally, instruments used to measure maternal stress vary widely and should be further studied and refined.
Topics: Female; Humans; Gestational Weight Gain; Postpartum Period; Feeding Behavior
PubMed: 37161311
DOI: 10.1177/01939459231175197 -
Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators Apr 2024Uncontrolled or dysregulated inflammation has adverse effects on the reproduction, production and health of animals, and is a major pathological cause of increased... (Review)
Review
Uncontrolled or dysregulated inflammation has adverse effects on the reproduction, production and health of animals, and is a major pathological cause of increased incidence and severity of infectious and metabolic diseases. To achieve successful transition from a non-lactation pregnant state to a non-pregnant lactation state, drastic metabolic and endocrine alteration have taken place in dairy cows during the periparturient period. These physiological changes, coupled with decreased dry matter intake near calving and sudden change of diet composition after calving, have the potential to disrupt the delicate balance between pro- and anti-inflammation, resulting in a disordered or excessive inflammatory response. In addition to cytokines and other immunoregulatory factors, most oxylipins formed from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via enzymatic and nonenzymatic oxygenation pathways have pro- or anti-inflammatory properties and play a pivotal role in the onset, development and resolution of inflammation. However, little attention has been paid to the possibility that oxylipins could function as endogenous immunomodulating agents. This review will provide a detailed overview of the main oxylipins derived from different PUFAs and discuss the regulatory role that oxylipins play in the postpartum inflammatory response in dairy cows. Based on the current research, much remains to be illuminated in this emerging field. Understanding the role that oxylipins play in the control of postpartum inflammation and inflammatory-based disease may improve our ability to prevent transition disorders via Management, pharmacological, genetic selection and dietary intervention strategies.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Cattle; Animals; Oxylipins; Energy Metabolism; Postpartum Period; Lactation; Inflammation; Diet; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Milk
PubMed: 38280540
DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106814 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... May 2024Women in the preconception, pregnant, or postpartum period are susceptible to weight stigma, particularly due to the risk of excess weight gain during the reproductive... (Review)
Review
Women in the preconception, pregnant, or postpartum period are susceptible to weight stigma, particularly due to the risk of excess weight gain during the reproductive life period and the negative effects of stigma on the health of both the mother and the child. Identifying the drivers and facilitators of weight stigma will help guide focused weight stigma prevention interventions. This systematic review aimed to identify the drivers and facilitators of weight stigma among preconception, pregnant, and postpartum women. In May 2022, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Maternity and Infant Care Database were searched for peer-reviewed articles published since 2010 using search terms weight AND stigma AND preconception, OR pregnant, OR postpartum. Of the 1724 articles identified, 34 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in a narrative synthesis. Women reported facing insensitive language, misconceptions about obesity across all settings, and inappropriate media representation. The unavailability of appropriate equipment at facilities was reported by both women and health professionals. Our findings indicate that a rigorous effort by all stakeholders is necessary to promote regulatory, legal, and educational initiatives designed to reduce weight stigma and discrimination against women in the reproductive period.
Topics: Child; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Weight Prejudice; Postpartum Period; Obesity; Weight Gain; Mothers
PubMed: 38343332
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13710 -
European Journal of Obstetrics,... May 2024The postpartum period encompasses the biological and psychoaffective transition to motherhood. However, it remains a most neglected phase in a woman's life. Furthermore,... (Review)
Review
The postpartum period encompasses the biological and psychoaffective transition to motherhood. However, it remains a most neglected phase in a woman's life. Furthermore, the transition to parenthood is a critical and potentially disrupting factor in a couple's relationship, which can be complicated by undiagnosed biological and psychosexual difficulties. Lack of recognition of the many biological and medical factors that can affect women's health and sexuality in the postpartum period is a common and persistent clinical omission worldwide. Communication difficulties exist between healthcare professionals and women and there are wording biases in describing female genitalia. This can further contribute to the diagnostic lack of attention and timely diagnosis and treatment of even very bothersome symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment of common postpartum conditions is vital and quality care for new mothers should include psychological and emotional support, lactation assistance, early diagnosis and treatment of genital and sexual pain symptoms, pelvic floor rehabilitation and sexual health guidance. The inclusion of correct genital hygiene practices is a critical element of postpartum gynaecological counselling and can help improve overall genital and sexual health. In this review, we summarise the variability in global professional guidelines for postpartum care, identify common health problems faced by postpartum women and discuss appropriate postpartum care. We pay specific attention to prominent biological or medical factors that can impact the emotional and psychosexual wellbeing of women and couples. The aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of sexual dysfunction, in particular sexual pain disorders, is therefore discussed with a pragmatic approach. Finally, the role of intimate hygiene care is discussed with special attention given to cleanser ingredients with solid scientific evidence to help clinicians adopt a more tailored approach with their clinical recommendations.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Sexual Health; Postnatal Care; Sexual Behavior; Postpartum Period; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; Pain; Genitalia
PubMed: 38484617
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.02.037