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Archives of Toxicology Jan 2024The acyclic linear monoterpenes Linalool (Lin) and Linalyl acetate (LinAc) occur in nature as major constituents of various essential oils such as lavender oils. A...
Critical assessment of the endocrine potential of Linalool and Linalyl acetate: proactive testing strategy assessing estrogenic and androgenic activity of Lavender oil main components.
The acyclic linear monoterpenes Linalool (Lin) and Linalyl acetate (LinAc) occur in nature as major constituents of various essential oils such as lavender oils. A potential endocrine activity of these compounds was discussed in literature including premature thelarche and prepubertal gynecomastia due to lavender product use. This study aims to follow-up on these critical findings reported by testing Lin and LinAc in several studies in line with current guidance and regulatory framework. No relevant anti-/ER and AR-mediated activity was observed in recombinant yeast cell-based screening tests and guideline reporter gene in vitro assays in mammalian cells. Findings in the screening test suggested an anti-androgenic activity, which could not be confirmed in the respective mammalian cell guideline assay. Mechanistic guideline in vivo studies (Uterotrophic and Hershberger assays) with Lin did not show significant dose related changes in estrogen or androgen sensitive organ weights and a guideline reproductive toxicity screening study did not reveal evident effects on sex steroid hormone sensitive organ weights, associated histopathological findings and altered sperm parameters. Estrous cycling and mating/fertility indices were not affected and no evident Lin-related steroid hormone dependent effects were found in the offspring. Overall, the initial concerns from literature were not confirmed. Findings in the yeast screening test were aberrant from follow-up guideline in vitro and in vivo studies, which underlines the need to apply careful interpretation of single in vitro test results to support a respective line of evidence and to establish a biologically plausible link to an adverse outcome.
Topics: Animals; Male; Allergens; Androgens; Estrone; Mammals; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Seeds
PubMed: 37906319
DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03623-z -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Precocious puberty is diagnosed when pubertal characteristics appear before the age of 8 years in females. The most common form is gonadotropin-dependent, called axial....
UNLABELLED
Precocious puberty is diagnosed when pubertal characteristics appear before the age of 8 years in females. The most common form is gonadotropin-dependent, called axial. The primary method of treatment is administration of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa). The aim of the study was to verify hypothesis that GnRHa therapy in the childhood may be of additive risk factor for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adulthood.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study group consists of 24 women (median age 22 88 years, median BMI 23.5) treated with GnRHa for central precocious puberty in childhood. The control group includes 40 women (median age 23 years, median BMI 25.6) diagnosed with isolated premature thelarche and not using GnRHa in the childhood. Anthropometric measurements, ultrasound examination of minor pelvis and hormonal profile were performed. PCOS diagnosis was based on Rotterdam criteria.
RESULTS
The study confirmed a higher prevalence of PCOS in the study group (50%) than in the control group (10%); p=0.0006. Significant, linear correlation between free testosterone levels and ovarian size was found in the study group (R=0.45 p= 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS
GnRHa therapy during childhood may have a potential influence on incidence of PCOS in the adulthood. Therefore, in this group of patients long-term follow-up focused on screening for PCOS would seem beneficial.
Topics: Female; Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Child; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Puberty, Precocious; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Prevalence
PubMed: 38327564
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1314752 -
Journal of Endocrinological... Jun 2024It was aimed to compare circulating levels of ghrelin, leptin, peptide YY (PYY), and neuropeptide (NPY) between girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP)...
PURPOSE
It was aimed to compare circulating levels of ghrelin, leptin, peptide YY (PYY), and neuropeptide (NPY) between girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) and prepubertal girls, as well as to evaluate alterations in these hormone levels and body composition during leuprolide acetate treatment in girls with ICPP.
METHODS
This prospective study was conducted on girls with isolated premature thelarche (IPT), girls with ICPP, and age-matched prepubertal controls. Anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis and appetite-regulating hormone level measurements were performed in each group and also at the 6th and 12th months of the leuprolide acetate treatment for the girls with ICPP.
RESULTS
Seventy-three girls participated in the study (24 girls with ICPP, 28 with IPT, and 21 prepubertal controls). No significant differences were observed in ghrelin, leptin, PYY, and NPY levels among the three groups. Leuprolide acetate treatment resulted in increased leptin, decreased PYY and NPY levels, and no significant changes in ghrelin. Despite no significant change in body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS), body fat percentage increased during treatment.
CONCLUSION
While appetite-regulating hormones do not seem to directly contribute to precocious puberty pathogenesis, puberty blockade was shown to lead to altered levels of these hormones along with changes in body composition.
PubMed: 38896175
DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02413-3 -
The Neuroradiology Journal Jun 2024Pituitary gland duplication is a rare abnormality and isolated duplication of the pituitary stalk without any pituitary anomaly is an even rarer entity with this case... (Review)
Review
Pituitary gland duplication is a rare abnormality and isolated duplication of the pituitary stalk without any pituitary anomaly is an even rarer entity with this case being the first documented case till date. Although incidentally discovered cases of duplication of pituitary gland (DPG) have been reported, sometimes with a duplicated pituitary stalk, patients with this disorder usually present with other craniofacial abnormalities. Consequently, DPG plus syndrome is used as it is often accompanied by endocrine disturbances and pathologies such as median cleft face syndrome, ocular disorders, craniocervical bony abnormalities, vascular anomalies and tuberomammillary masses. Since this is the first reported case without any additional pituitary gland anomaly, we propose the acronym DPS (duplication of pituitary stalk) to be used to unify this entity as we are certain that much like the previously described pituitary duplication disorders, more cases will be documented independently rather than under the umbrella of pituitary duplication disorders. This is critical as the life expectancy (age of diagnosis) in the cases reviewed in our study is as good as normal population with no obvious increase in mortality as compared to existing pituitary duplication syndromes. We present a case report of a 2 year 7 month old girl who was referred by the paediatrician for evaluation of premature thelarche. The duplication of the pituitary stalk along with mega cisterna magna and tuberomammillary fusion was the only positive finding on imaging with the pituitary gland being absolutely normal.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pituitary Gland; Child, Preschool; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pituitary Diseases
PubMed: 37507120
DOI: 10.1177/19714009231193157 -
Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology : Case... 2024
PubMed: 38299176
DOI: 10.1297/cpe.2023-0054 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Apr 2024Although female victims of sexual child abuse present with symptoms such as local pain and vaginal bleeding, however, before any definitive diagnosis a comprehensive...
INTRODUCTION
Although female victims of sexual child abuse present with symptoms such as local pain and vaginal bleeding, however, before any definitive diagnosis a comprehensive physical examination along with a detailed history related to vaginal bleeding should be taken from the patient. Undoubtedly, we must not forget that only one of the causes of vaginal bleeding is rape. Therefore, before making a final diagnosis, other causes of this symptom must be carefully examined.
CASE PRESENTATION
The patient was a 6-years-old female who was hospitalized for notable generalized abdominal distention, acute lower abdomen pain associated with nausea and mild fever lasting 5 days progressively worsening, thelarche and vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound examination showed that multilocular-solid masses located in right side of abdomen which led to surgery and mass excision. Histopathology diagnosis was a juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.
DISCUSSION
Among the various causes of peripheral premature puberty, granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is rare but very important. Since in the two age groups - prepuberty and menopause - we don't expect to see vaginal bleeding, the occurrence of this disorder especially in association with breast enlargement in prepubertal group, need to appropriate imaging including pelvic ultrasound and bone age determination also laboratory data such as level of sex hormones and tumor markers to avoid misdiagnosis.
CONCLUSION
We report the case of a granulosa cell tumor patient with vaginal bleeding that a complete history and examination provides the right path to a diagnosis.
PubMed: 38513413
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109546