-
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Oct 2023is recognized as a significant foodborne pathogen, capable of causing listeriosis in humans, which is a global public health concern. This pathogen is particularly... (Review)
Review
is recognized as a significant foodborne pathogen, capable of causing listeriosis in humans, which is a global public health concern. This pathogen is particularly dangerous for pregnant women, as it can lead to invasive listeriosis in fetuses and neonates, posing a significant threat to both maternal and fetal health. Therefore, establishing suitable and models for . placenta infection, as well as analyzing and exploring the infection process and its pathogenic mechanism, are important approaches to prevent and control . infection in mothers and infants. In this study, we reviewed the and placental models used for studying the infection of . in maternal and infant, summarized and discussed the advantages and limitations of each model, and explored the potential of cell models and organoids for the study of . infection. This paper aims to support the study of the infection pathway and pathogenesis of listeriosis and provide scientific references for the prevention and control of . infection.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Placenta; Public Health; Infant, Newborn
PubMed: 37877386
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230263 -
The Journal of Endocrinology Sep 2023Gut dysbiosis impairs nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) in obesity. The antiobesogenic effects of exercise training might involve the modulation of gut microbiota and its...
Gut dysbiosis impairs nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) in obesity. The antiobesogenic effects of exercise training might involve the modulation of gut microbiota and its inflammatory signals to the brown adipose tissue (BAT). This study evaluated whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) prevent overweight through reduced gut-derived inflammatory signals to BAT in high-fat-fed mice. Sixty male C57BL/6 mice (3 months old) comprised six experimental groups: control (C) diet group, C diet + HIIT (C-HIIT) group, C diet + MICT (C-MICT) group, high-fat (HF) diet group, HF diet + HIIT (HF-HIIT) group, and HF diet + MICT (HF-MICT) group. The protocols lasted for 10 weeks. HIIT and MICT restored body mass, mitigated glucose intolerance, and prevented hyperinsulinemia in HF-trained groups. A chronic HF diet caused dysbiosis, but HIIT and MICT prevented gut dysbiosis and preserved tight junction (TJ) gene expression. HF-HIIT and HF-MICT groups exhibited a similar pattern of goblet cell distribution, agreeing with the decreased plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations and interscapular BAT (iBAT) Lbp-Cd14-Tlr4 expression. The lowered Nlrp3 and Il1β in the HF-HITT and HF-MICT groups complied with iBAT thermogenic capacity maintenance. This study shows reliable evidence that HIIT and MICT prevented overweight by restoring the diversity of the gut microbiota phyla and TJ gene expression, thereby reducing inflammatory signals to brown adipocytes with preserved thermogenic capacity. Both exercise modalities prevented overweight, but HIIT rescued Zo-1 and Jam-a gene expression, exerting more potent anti-inflammatory effects than MICT (reduced LPS concentrations), providing a sustained increase in thermogenesis with 78% less distance traveled.
Topics: Mice; Male; Animals; Overweight; Adipocytes, Brown; Dysbiosis; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Diet, High-Fat
PubMed: 37462522
DOI: 10.1530/JOE-23-0123 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2023Despite recommendations for influenza and COVID-19 vaccines, studies have documented gaps and disparities in vaccination coverage for adults and adolescents....
INTRODUCTION
Despite recommendations for influenza and COVID-19 vaccines, studies have documented gaps and disparities in vaccination coverage for adults and adolescents. Understanding the proportion and demographics of those unvaccinated against influenza and/or COVID-19 is important for tailoring appropriate messaging and strategies to increase confidence and uptake.
METHODS
Using the 2021 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), we assessed the prevalence of four vaccination patterns (exclusive influenza vaccination, exclusive COVID-19 vaccination, dual influenza and COVID-19 vaccination, and neither vaccination) by sociodemographic and other characteristics among adults and adolescents 12-17 years. Adjusted multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine factors associated with each of the four vaccination categories among adults and adolescents.
RESULTS
In 2021, 42.5% of adults and 28.3% of adolescents received both influenza and COVID-19 vaccines, while approximately a quarter (22.4%) of adults and a third (34.0%) of adolescents did not receive either vaccine. Among adults and adolescents, 6.0% and 11.4% were exclusively vaccinated against influenza and 29.1% and 26.4% were exclusively vaccinated against COVID-19, respectively. Among adults, exclusive COVID-19 or dual vaccination was more likely to be associated with older age, non-Hispanic multi/other race, and having a college degree compared to their respective counterparts. Exclusive influenza or neither vaccination was more likely to be associated with younger age, having a high school diploma or less, living below the poverty level, and having a previous COVID-19 diagnosis.
CONCLUSION
During the COVID-19 pandemic, approximately two-thirds of adolescents and three-fourths of adults received exclusive influenza or COVID-19 vaccines or both vaccines in 2021. Vaccination patterns differed by sociodemographic and other characteristics. Promoting confidence in vaccines and reducing barriers to access is needed to protect individuals and families from severe health consequences of vaccine-preventable diseases. Being up-to-date with all recommended vaccinations can prevent a future resurgence of hospitalizations and cases.Key messages42.5% of adults and 28.3% of adolescents received both influenza and COVID-19 vaccines in 2021, while approximately a quarter (22.4%) of adults and a third (34.0%) of adolescents did not receive either vaccine; 6.0% of adults and 11.4% of adolescents were exclusively vaccinated against influenza and 29.1% of adults and 26.4% of adolescents were exclusively vaccinated against COVID-19.Among adults, exclusive COVID-19 vaccination or dual vaccination was more likely to be associated with older age, non-Hispanic multi/other race, and having a college degree or higher compared to their respective counterparts; exclusive influenza vaccination or neither vaccination was more likely to be associated with younger age, having a high school diploma or less, living below poverty level, and having a previous COVID-19 diagnosis compared to their respective counterparts.Promoting confidence in vaccines and reducing barriers to access is needed to protect individuals and families from severe health consequences of vaccine-preventable diseases. Being up-to-date with all recommended vaccinations can prevent a future resurgence of hospitalizations and cases, especially as new variants emerge.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Influenza, Human; COVID-19 Vaccines; COVID-19 Testing; Pandemics; Vaccine-Preventable Diseases; COVID-19; Influenza Vaccines; Vaccination
PubMed: 37052255
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2196436 -
PloS One 2023Young adults entering the workforce have an almost 40% greater risk of work-related mental health problems than other working age groups. Common mental disorders (CMDs)...
Managers' experience of causes and prevention of sick leave among young employees with Common Mental Disorders (CMDs)-A qualitative interview study with a gender perspective.
BACKGROUND
Young adults entering the workforce have an almost 40% greater risk of work-related mental health problems than other working age groups. Common mental disorders (CMDs) constitute the majority of such mental health problems. Managers are crucial in promoting a good psychosocial work environment and preventing sick leave. The study aims to explore managers' experience of 1) causes of sick leave in the personal and work-life of young employees with CMDs, and 2) prevention of such sick leave. A gender perspective is applied to examine managers' experience of causes and prevention of sick leave in relation to male and female employees and male and female-dominated occupations.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A qualitative design was applied and 23 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Swedish managers experienced in supervising young employees with CMDs. The interviews were analysed with conventional content analysis and the managers' experience of similarities and differences between young female and male employees and occupations were explored through reflective notes.
RESULTS
Four main categories and eight subcategories describe the managers' experience of the causes of sick leave due to CMD among young employees. The main categories are: 1) entering work life when already worn-out, 2) struggling with too high expectations at work, 3) having a challenging personal life, and 4) being unable to manage specific occupational challenges and demands. Gender differences were found in six subcategories regarding, e.g., work demands and problems in personal relationships. One main category and three subcategories describe how this type of sick leave might be prevented, with managers emphasizing the need to ease the transition into work life. Gender differences in the prevention of sick leave were found in one subcategory regarding communication about workers' health and problems at work.
CONCLUSION
Our findings show that gender norms and the expectations of young men and women are factors of importance in managers' experience of the development and prevention of CMDs. These results can inform their preventive work and their supervision and introduction of newly-employed young adults.
Topics: Young Adult; Humans; Female; Male; Sick Leave; Causality; Communication; Mental Disorders; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 37756352
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292109 -
Medicine, Conflict, and Survival Sep 2023The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the burden on the collapsing health system in northwest Syria. The situation was exacerbated by the low rates of adherence to...
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the burden on the collapsing health system in northwest Syria. The situation was exacerbated by the low rates of adherence to preventive measures and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. In this study, we systematically analysed studies related to Risk Communication and Community Engagement programs, and community awareness in northwest Syria in order to determine the most widespread prevention methods, the community's perspectives and knowledge of epidemic prevention, and the factors that prevent effective community engagement and uptake of COVID-19 prevention precautions in an area that has been suffering from the scourge of conflict for more than ten years. Based on the research findings, low adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures is mainly due to external factors related to socioeconomic status, scarcity of resources, and poor living conditions. Therefore, this study suggested that integrated multi-sectoral humanitarian programs that address these factors holistically are more effective than solely public health interventions in involving the community to become an active part of the Risk Communication and Community Engagement programs and ensuring their effectiveness.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Pandemics; Syria; Public Health
PubMed: 37122087
DOI: 10.1080/13623699.2023.2198894 -
Journal of Preventive Medicine and... Dec 2023Nurses have good opportunities to communicate with osteoporotic patients and the public as well as convey osteoporosis prevention education to them. Therefore, nurses...
BACKGROUND
Nurses have good opportunities to communicate with osteoporotic patients and the public as well as convey osteoporosis prevention education to them. Therefore, nurses require specific knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and desirable nutritional behaviors for osteoporosis prevention and treatment strategies. Little is known about the KAP for osteoporosis prevention and nutritional behaviors among nurses in Iran.
PURPOSE
The present study was conducted to evaluate nurses' KAP and nutritional behaviors for osteoporosis prevention.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 195 nurses working in three hospitals in southeastern Iran. Nurses were selected using a stratified random sampling method between April and June 2020. The data collection tools included questionnaires of KAP and nutritional behaviors to prevent osteoporosis.
FINDINGS
According to the findings, nurses' knowledge regarding osteoporosis prevention was high level (20.23 ± 3.79) and their attitude (72.71 ± 6.97), practice (48.25 ± 6.38), and nutritional behavior scores (110.12 ± 13.68) were desirable. In addition, nurses' KAP regarding osteoporosis prevention was correlated with their nutritional behaviors (p = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Given the high levels of knowledge, desirable practices, and in Iranian nurses regarding the prevention of osteoporosis, they can play a significant role in changing KAP and nutritional behaviors of people to prevent this disease. To this end, educational and support programs should be implemented in clinical and community settings to develop a healthy lifestyle in the community.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Iran; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Clinical Competence; Surveys and Questionnaires; Osteoporosis; Nurses
PubMed: 38379736
DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.4.2709 -
The Medical Journal of Malaysia Mar 2024The study's objectives are to investigate the level of knowledge, attitude, and performance (KAP) of nurses on the prevention of pressure ulcers (PUs) prevention in the...
INTRODUCTION
The study's objectives are to investigate the level of knowledge, attitude, and performance (KAP) of nurses on the prevention of pressure ulcers (PUs) prevention in the intensive care (ICU) and also to identify the relationship between nurses' KAP toward the implementation of preventive measures for PUs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 registered nurses in the ICU at Taiping Hospital. to assess the nurses' knowledge and attitude level using the Knowledge and Attitude on prevention of PUs questionnaire. A descriptive analysis and Pearson Correlation were used to analyze the data.
RESULT
From a total of 60 nurses 36 (60%) of nurses demonstrated a moderate level of KAP, and 17 (28%) demonstrated a high level of knowledge. They also exhibited neutral attitudes towards PUs prevention 49 (82%). The findings revealed a positive relationship between nurses' KAP toward implementing preventive measures on PUs (p=0.04; r=0.3). The findings show that nurses regularly performed the assessment of the risk factors of PUs for all hospitalized patients when performing PUs care. However, the plan for preventive nursing care was not properly reviewed.
CONCLUSION
This study suggested that appropriate guidelines, education programs, and an environment that makes it possible to provide continuing education should be created for nurses to prevent PUs in the ICU.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pressure Ulcer; Clinical Competence; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Intensive Care Units; Surveys and Questionnaires; Suppuration
PubMed: 38555882
DOI: No ID Found -
Contemporary Clinical Trials Sep 2023To examine the effectiveness, cost-outcome, equity, scalability, and mechanisms of the Reach Out, Stay strong, Essentials for mothers of newborns (ROSE) postpartum...
PURPOSE
To examine the effectiveness, cost-outcome, equity, scalability, and mechanisms of the Reach Out, Stay strong, Essentials for mothers of newborns (ROSE) postpartum depression prevention (PPD) program as universal versus selective or indicated prevention.
BACKGROUND
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) currently recommends PPD prevention for pregnant people at risk of PPD (i.e., selective/indicated prevention). However, universal prevention may be more scalable, equitable, and cost-beneficial.
DESIGN
Effectiveness of ROSE for preventing PPD among people at risk is known. To assess ROSE as universal prevention, we need to determine the effectiveness of ROSE among all pregnant people, including those screening negative for PPD risk. We will enroll 2320 pregnant people, assess them with commonly available PPD risk prediction tools, randomize everyone to ROSE or enhanced care as usual, and assess ROSE as universal, selective, and indicated prevention in terms of: (1) effectiveness (PPD prevention and functioning), (2) cost-benefit, (3) equity (PPD cases prevented by universal prevention that would not be prevented under selective/indicated for minority vs. non-Hispanic white people), (4) quantitative and qualitative measures of scalability (from 98 agencies previously implementing ROSE), (5) ROSE mechanisms across risk levels. We will integrate results to outline pros and cons of the three prevention approaches (i.e., universal, selective, indicated).
CONCLUSION
This will be the first trial to assess universal vs. selective/indicated PPD prevention. Trial design illustrates a novel, efficient way to make these comparisons. This trial, the largest PPD prevention trial to date, will examine scalability, an understudied area of implementation science.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Depression, Postpartum; Mothers; Preventive Health Services; Research Design; United States
PubMed: 37473848
DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107297 -
World Neurosurgery Dec 2023Meningiomas are one of the most common benign primary brain tumors; however, there is a paucity of literature on potential preventability. This comprehensive review... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Meningiomas are one of the most common benign primary brain tumors; however, there is a paucity of literature on potential preventability. This comprehensive review aimed to explore the existing evidence for the potential risk factors that may contribute to meningioma development and to discuss early prevention strategies.
METHODS
Literature search was conducted via MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database to retrieve existing literature on various environmental exposures and lifestyle behaviors that are potential risk factors for the development of meningiomas.
RESULTS
Significant risk factors included exposure to ionizing radiation and certain environmental chemicals. Notably, this study also identified that cigarette smoking and obesity are associated with the development of meningiomas. To date, wireless phone usage, hormonal exposures, dietary factors, and traumatic brain injury remain inconclusive. Early prevention strategies should primarily be family-driven, community-based, and public health-endorsed strategies. Targeting unhealthy behaviors through healthcare organizations could execute a pivotal role in the maintenance of an optimum lifestyle, reducing the development of risk factors pertinent to meningiomas.
CONCLUSIONS
To our knowledge, this is the first study that offers a perspective on prevention of meningiomas. A causal relationship of risk factors in developing meningiomas cannot be directly established with the current evidence. We are aware of the limitations of the hypothesis, but we believe that this study will raise more awareness and our findings could potentially be endorsed by organizations promoting health across the globe. Further prospective and retrospective studies will shed more light on this topic and help establish a definitive relationship.
Topics: Humans; Meningioma; Retrospective Studies; Brain Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Meningeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37774783
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.09.075 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Jul 2023There are few medicines in clinical use for managing preterm labor or preventing spontaneous preterm birth from occurring. We previously developed two target product...
BACKGROUND
There are few medicines in clinical use for managing preterm labor or preventing spontaneous preterm birth from occurring. We previously developed two target product profiles (TPPs) for medicines to prevent spontaneous preterm birth and manage preterm labor. The objectives of this study were to 1) analyse the research and development pipeline of medicines for preterm birth and 2) compare these medicines to target product profiles for spontaneous preterm birth to identify the most promising candidates.
METHODS
Adis Insight, Pharmaprojects, WHO international clinical trials registry platform (ICTRP), PubMed and grant databases were searched to identify candidate medicines (including drugs, dietary supplements and biologics) and populate the Accelerating Innovations for Mothers (AIM) database. This database was screened for all candidates that have been investigated for preterm birth. Candidates in clinical development were ranked against criteria from TPPs, and classified as high, medium or low potential. Preclinical candidates were categorised by product type, archetype and medicine subclass.
RESULTS
The AIM database identified 178 candidates. Of the 71 candidates in clinical development, ten were deemed high potential (Prevention: Omega-3 fatty acid, aspirin, vaginal progesterone, oral progesterone, L-arginine, and selenium; Treatment: nicorandil, isosorbide dinitrate, nicardipine and celecoxib) and seven were medium potential (Prevention: pravastatin and lactoferrin; Treatment: glyceryl trinitrate, retosiban, relcovaptan, human chorionic gonadotropin and Bryophyllum pinnatum extract). 107 candidates were in preclinical development.
CONCLUSIONS
This analysis provides a drug-agnostic approach to assessing the potential of candidate medicines for spontaneous preterm birth. Research should be prioritised for high-potential candidates that are most likely to meet the real world needs of women, babies, and health care professionals.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Premature Birth; Progesterone; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Fatty Acids, Omega-3
PubMed: 37464260
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05842-9