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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Oct 2023: Thyroid disease has been associated with autoimmune disorders. As systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with diverse manifestations...
: Thyroid disease has been associated with autoimmune disorders. As systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with diverse manifestations spanning across all organ systems, the relationship of SLE with thyroid disorders needs investigation. In particular, the relationship of SLE with autoimmune thyroid disease has attracted the interest of the research community. The aim was to evaluate the relationship of SLE with autoimmune thyroid disease. : A cohort of 45 consecutive patients with a mean age of 47.97 years (range 21-79 years) and 45 age- and sex-matched controls were prospectively studied over a period of 12 months for the presence of thyroid disease and the prevalence of antithyroid antibodies. : Four patients (8.9%) were found to suffer from primary hypothyroidism, five (11.11%) from subclinical hypothyroidism and one (2.22%) from hyperthyroidism, whereas one (2.22%) of the controls had primary hypothyroidism and one (2.22%) had hyperthyroidism. Five patients (11.11%) had a thyroid hormone profile that was compatible with the presence of euthyroid sick syndrome. Thyroid peroxidase (TPOab) and thyroglobulin (Tgab) antibodies were detected in 20/45 and 15/45 of the SLE population and in 7/45 and 5/45 of the controls, respectively ( < 0.05, chi-square test). : In conclusion, the incidence of clinical thyroid disease is greater amongst SLE patients than in a control population, and in a significant number of these patients, antithyroid antibodies are detectable. Thus, a subset of lupus patients appears to be predisposed to the development of thyroid disease, and this should be considered when evaluating patients with SLE.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Child, Preschool; Child; Thyroid Diseases; Hypothyroidism; Hyperthyroidism; Thyroid Hormones; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Autoantibodies
PubMed: 38003960
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111911 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Apr 2024The causal relationship between different hypothyroidism subtypes and the risk of major depression (MD) is yet to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine if...
BACKGROUND
The causal relationship between different hypothyroidism subtypes and the risk of major depression (MD) is yet to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine if there's a causal relationship between various hypothyroidism subtypes (and related factors) and the risk of MD.
METHODS
This genetic association study utilized a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach to explore the causal relationships between various hypothyroidism subtypes and MD risk. Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) summary statistics were obtained from the FinnGen and the UK Biobank. Instrumental variables (IVs) were chosen based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
RESULTS
Among the analyzed hypothyroidism subtypes and related factors, "Hypothyroidism, strict autoimmune" (HTCBSA) and "Hypothyroidism, levothyroxin purchases" (HT/LP) demonstrated a statistically significant positive causal relationship with MD, with odds ratios of 1.020 (95 % CI: 1.004-1.037) and 1.022 (95 % CI: 1.005-1.040), respectively. The sensitivity analysis supported the robustness of these findings, showing no significant horizontal pleiotropy and confirming the stability of results when individual SNPs were removed. "Congenital iodine-deficiency syndrome/hypothyroidism" (CIDS/HT), "Postinfectious hypothyroidism" (PHT), "Hypothyroidism due to medicaments and other exogenous substances" (HDTDM and OES), "Thyroid Stimulating Hormone" (TSH), "Thyrotropin-releasing hormone" (THRH), and "Hypothyroidism, strict autoimmune, 3 medication purchases required" (HTCBSA/3MPR) showed no significant causal relationship with MD.
LIMITATIONS
The study population was limited to individuals of European ancestry, and there may be certain genetic differences between different ethnic groups.
CONCLUSIONS
This MR study suggests a potential causal relationship between certain hypothyroidism subtypes (specifically HTCBSA and HT/LP) and an increased risk of MD.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Depression; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Hypothyroidism; Thyroxine
PubMed: 38341154
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.006 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Although observational studies have found an association between hypothyroidism and alopecia areata, the causality of this relationship remains unclear.
BACKGROUND
Although observational studies have found an association between hypothyroidism and alopecia areata, the causality of this relationship remains unclear.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the genetic variants associated with hypothyroidism and their potential impact on the risk of developing alopecia areata.
METHODS
genome-wide association study summary statistics for hypothyroidism (30,155 cases and 379,986 controls) and alopecia areata (289 cases and 211,139 controls) were obtained from the IEU OpenGwas project. The inverse variance-weighted method was used as the primary analysis method to evaluate the causality between hypothyroidism and alopecia areata, supplemented by the weighted median, MR-Egger, simple mode and weighted mode. Furthermore, the function of causal SNPs was evaluated by gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction networks.
RESULT
Utilizing two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, we found that the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of hypothyroidism (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.12-1.75, = 3.03×10) significantly increased the risk of alopecia areata ( 289 cases and 211,139 controls ). KEGG pathway analysis showed that the candidate genes were mainly enriched in virion-herpesvirus, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, Th17 cell differentiation, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Protein-protein interaction networks results showed that CTLA4, STAT4, IL2RA, TYK2, IRF7, SH2B3, BACH2, TLR3, NOD2, and FLT3.
CONCLUSION
This study provided compelling genetic evidence supporting a causative association between hypothyroidism and alopecia areata, which could potentially inform the development of more efficacious treatment strategies for patients afflicted by alopecia areata.
Topics: Humans; Alopecia Areata; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Hypothyroidism
PubMed: 38292771
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1309620 -
Indian Pediatrics Oct 2023Guidelines for screening and management of congenital hypothyroidism in neonates have been recently updated by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). This article...
Guidelines for screening and management of congenital hypothyroidism in neonates have been recently updated by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). This article compares new AAP guideline with the Indian Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology (ISPAE) Guidelines, 2018 and lists the changes in screening, diagnosis, and management of congenital hypothyroidism suggested in the new guidelines, along with clinical utilization in the Indian scenario.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Societies, Medical; United States; Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 37818810
DOI: No ID Found -
Thyroid : Official Journal of the... Aug 2023Image-guided thermal ablation interventions are novel thermal-based modalities used for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules. We conducted a systematic review and a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Image-guided thermal ablation interventions are novel thermal-based modalities used for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules. We conducted a systematic review and a Bayesian network meta-analysis, examining studies using thermal ablation interventions in the treatment of benign nodular thyroid disease (PROSPERO CRD42022367680). The primary endpoints included volume reduction rate (VRR), and symptomatic score and cosmetic score improvement. Secondary endpoints included vocal disturbances, laryngeal nerve palsy, hypothyroidism, and nodular regrowth (defined by increased nodular volume of >50% for thermal ablation or new nodules arising in remaining thyroid tissue conventional surgery [CS]). We included 16 studies (3 randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and 13 comparative case series), describing radiofrequency ablation (RFA), laser ablation (LA), microwave ablation (MWA), high-intensity focus ultrasound (HIFU), and CS, respectively. The review included data from 4112 patients followed for a mean of 11.9 months. Meta-analyses showed no significant differences among RFA, LA, MWA, HIFU, and CS regarding any of the primary endpoints of VRR, symptomatic score, and cosmetic score. In examining the surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) ranking, CS (SUCRA, 98.49), LA (SUCRA, 51.58), and MWA (SUCRA, 57.0) were identified as the three interventions that were most likely to result in the largest VRR, symptomatic and cosmetic score reduction. RFA, relative risk (RR) 0.19 [95% credibility interval (CI): 0.06 to 0.48], LA RR 0.23 [CI: 0.06 to 0.79], and MWA RR 0.25 [CI: 0.09 to 0.60] were associated with the greatest reduction in risk for postintervention vocal complications compared with CS, with RFA (SUCRA, 61.62) being ranked as the highest in safety. RFA RR 0.05 [CI: 0.00 to 0.40] and MWA RR 0.16 [CI: 0.02 to 0.73] were associated with a reduced risk of transient laryngeal nerve injury compared with CS. RFA RR 0.00 [CI: 0.00 to 0.00] and MWA RR 0.00 [CI: 0.00 to 0.03] were associated with a reduced risk of hypothyroidism occurrence compared with CS, with RFA (SUCRA, 99.86) yielding the highest safety ranking. RFA was associated with a reduced risk for nodular regrowth RR 0.09 [CI: 0.00 to 0.85], compared with CS. We have comprehensively reviewed the published literature on the efficacy and safety of thermal ablation modalities for benign thyroid nodules. Important research gaps remain regarding a paucity of both long-term data and high-quality RCTs.
Topics: Humans; Thyroid Nodule; Network Meta-Analysis; Radiofrequency Ablation; Laser Therapy; Hypothyroidism; Treatment Outcome; Catheter Ablation; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37166390
DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0671 -
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders... 2024The prevalence of hypothyroidism increases along with aging, resulting in one of the most common comorbidities among patients over 75 years. The leading causes of... (Review)
Review
The prevalence of hypothyroidism increases along with aging, resulting in one of the most common comorbidities among patients over 75 years. The leading causes of hypothyroidism in older adults are iatrogenic, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and medications. The narrative review aimed to discuss the clinical characteristics of hypothyroidism in older adults and the impact of hormonal replacement therapy on survival rates. Thyroid function declines over time due to physiological changes in the thyroid stimulating hormone signaling, iodine absorption and metabolism, thyroid hormone metabolism, and activity at peripheral sites. A serum TSH value over the upper limit of the normal reference range is not necessarily attributable to hypothyroidism. However, an appropriate diagnostic work-up is required to rule out true hypothyroidism and discriminate the etiology (i.e., thyroid autoimmune diseases, iodine deficiency, drug-induced hypothyroidism). Levothyroxine treatment should be considered in cases of overt hypothyroidism. A complete risk-to-benefit assessment, particularly considering the overall health status, life expectancy, cognitive function, mood, and cardiovascular and neurological background, should be considered before treating subclinical hypothyroidism with more potential benefits in patients under 75 years old. Levothyroxine formulations facilitating hormone absorption and increasing compliance to long-term treatment should be preferred. TSH target should usually be set over 3 mIU/ml. Defining optimal diagnostic approaches and targeted therapeutic strategies should be considered in the personalized management of aged patients with hypothyroidism.
Topics: Humans; Hypothyroidism; Aged; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Aging; Thyroxine; Aged, 80 and over; Thyrotropin; Thyroid Gland
PubMed: 37641994
DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230828110153 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Observational studies have demonstrated an association between primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and thyroid dysfunction (TD). However, the causal relationship...
BACKGROUND
Observational studies have demonstrated an association between primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and thyroid dysfunction (TD). However, the causal relationship between PSC and TD remains uncertain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causal associations and specific direction between these two conditions. Gaining insight into the potential causal relationship between PSC and TD is valuable for elucidating the pathogenesis of PSC and for devising innovative approaches for the prevention and treatment of PSC and its associated complications.
METHODS
We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal association between PSC and TD, such as autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), thyroid cancer (TC), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), among others. PSC was the exposure variable, while TD was the outcome variable. To identify suitable instrumental variables (IVs), we utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets to select potential candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The primary statistical approach employed was the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, which was complemented by a series of sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the results by estimating heterogeneity and pleiotropy.
RESULTS
We found that the causal associations between genetically predicted PSC and Graves' disease (GD), hyperthyroidism (IVW OR=1.230, 95%CI: 1.089-1.389, P=0.001; IVW OR=1.001, 95%CI: 1.000-1.002, P=0.000) were statistically significant. The reverse MR analysis indicated that genetic susceptibility to hyperthyroidism (P=0.000) and hypothyroidism (p=0.028) might be the risk of PSC. There was no statistically significant causal association observed between PSC and other TD (IVW P>0.05), with the exception of GD, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism as determined through bidirectional two-sample analysis. To ensure the reliability of our findings, additional sensitivity analyses were conducted, including the leave-one-out (LOO) test, heterogeneity test, and pleiotropic test.
CONCLUSION
In this study, we conducted an investigation into the causal association between PSC and TD. Our findings indicate that PSC significantly elevates the susceptibility to GD and hyperthyroidism from a statistical perspective. These results shed light on the etiology of PSC and have implications for the management of patients with PSC.
Topics: Humans; Cholangitis, Sclerosing; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Graves Disease
PubMed: 37928559
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276459 -
European Review For Medical and... Dec 2023Previous studies have often observed a possible association between thyroid and fatty liver diseases. The pathogenesis of both diseases is complex, with many confounding...
OBJECTIVE
Previous studies have often observed a possible association between thyroid and fatty liver diseases. The pathogenesis of both diseases is complex, with many confounding factors and controversies. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to test the causality between thyroid disease and the risk of developing fatty liver disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
All data were obtained from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) Catalog database. Thyroid disorders include hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Fatty liver diseases include alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was used for MR analysis, and sensitivity analysis was further performed to test its robustness.
RESULTS
We discovered no causal relationship between thyroid disease and alcoholic fatty liver disease after excluding weak instrumental variables (IVs). Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism had a significant causal relationship with NAFLD. Hypothyroidism increased the risk of NAFLD using the IVW method (OR=7.62, 95% CI: 2.61-22.25, p<0.001). MR-Egger regression did not suggest potential evidence of directional pleiotropy (intercept, p=0.698). Hyperthyroidism also significantly increased the risk of NAFLD (OR=11.83, 95% CI: 2.9-22.54, p=0.026). MR-Egger regression did not suggest any potential directional pleiotropy (intercept, p=0.295).
CONCLUSIONS
Hypothyroidism can significantly increase NAFLD incidence, and hyperthyroidism may be a risk factor for NAFLD.
Topics: Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Thyroid Diseases; Hypothyroidism; Hyperthyroidism; Hashimoto Disease; Nonoxynol
PubMed: 38095388
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202312_34579 -
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders Oct 2023Thyroid hormone (TH) imbalances, particularly subclinical hypothyroidism (SCHT), are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).... (Review)
Review
Thyroid hormone (TH) imbalances, particularly subclinical hypothyroidism (SCHT), are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). SCHT is more prevalent in CKD and ESKD patients than in the general population, and this condition increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. The risk of CVD is higher in CKD and ESKD patients compared with the general population. Traditional and nontraditional risk factors, including TH abnormalities, contribute to the high CVD burden in CKD and ESKD patients. The review discusses the link between CKD and hypothyroidism, with a focus on SCHT, and the mechanisms that lead to CVD burden.
Topics: Humans; Kidney; Hypothyroidism; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Cardiovascular Diseases; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37433213
DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0057 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Although previous studies have reported an association between thyroid function and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, which is considered a reliable marker of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Although previous studies have reported an association between thyroid function and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, which is considered a reliable marker of ovarian reserve, the causal relationship between them remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate whether thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), hypo- and hyperthyroidism are causally linked to AMH levels.
METHODS
We obtained summary statistics from three sources: the ThyroidOmics Consortium (N = 54,288), HUNT + MGI + ThyroidOmics meta-analysis (N = 119,715), and the most recent AMH genome-wide association meta-analysis (N = 7,049). Two-sample MR analyses were conducted using instrumental variables representing TSH and fT4 levels within the normal range. Additionally, we conducted secondary analyses to explore the effects of hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Subgroup analyses for TSH were also performed.
RESULTS
MR analyses did not show any causality relationship between thyroid function and AMH levels, using normal range TSH, normal range fT4, subclinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism and overt hypothyroidism as exposure, respectively. In addition, neither full range TSH nor TSH with individuals <50 years old was causally associated with AMH levels. MR sensitivity analyses guaranteed the robustness of all MR results, except for the association between fT4 and AMH in the no-+ group.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that there was no causal association between genetically predicted thyroid function and AMH levels in the European population.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Thyroxine; Anti-Mullerian Hormone; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Hypothyroidism; Thyrotropin; Hyperthyroidism
PubMed: 37547307
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1188284