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Cells Oct 2023Probiotic bacteria belonging to spp. are important producers of bioactive molecules, known as postbiotics, that play essential roles in the immunological support of the...
Probiotic bacteria belonging to spp. are important producers of bioactive molecules, known as postbiotics, that play essential roles in the immunological support of the intestinal mucosa. In this study, the system of co-culture of intestinal epithelial cells with macrophage cells in vitro was used to study the potential effect of postbiotic fractions of and on the modulation of the immune response induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli. This study's results revealed that the presence of probiotic bacterial components on the mucosal surface in the early and late stage of inflammatory conditions is based on cellular interactions that control inflammation and consequent damage to the intestinal epithelium. In our studies, heat killed fractions of probiotic bacteria and their extracted proteins showed a beneficial effect on controlling inflammation, regardless of the strain tested, consequently protecting intestinal barrier damage. In conclusion, the presented results emphasize that the fractions of probiotic bacteria of and may play a significant role in the regulation of LPS-mediated cytotoxic activity in intestinal epithelial cells. The fractions of probiotic strains of and showed the potential to suppress inflammation, effectively activating the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and modulating the IL-18-related response.
Topics: Humans; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Lactobacillus; Probiotics; Inflammation
PubMed: 37947616
DOI: 10.3390/cells12212538 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Apr 2024Mental health disorders and dementia have become a serious public health concern, with a heightened frequency of diagnoses observed in the wake of the global COVID-19... (Review)
Review
Mental health disorders and dementia have become a serious public health concern, with a heightened frequency of diagnoses observed in the wake of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Psychobiotics, a novel area of research at the intersection of microbiology and neuroscience, explore the potential of probiotics to influence the nervous system and mental health outcomes. This review explores the intricate mechanisms by which psychobiotics interact with the gut-brain axis, shedding light on their effects on mood, cognition, and the stress response. Through a comprehensive analysis of the current literature and recent advancements, we discuss the therapeutic potential of psychobiotics in various mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases like dementia. The findings from this research highlight the promising potential of psychobiotics as innovative interventions in mental health treatment. Further investigation into their mechanisms of action and clinical applications is warranted to fully realize their therapeutic benefits.
Topics: Humans; Brain-Gut Axis; COVID-19; Dementia; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mental Disorders; Probiotics
PubMed: 38674247
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040601 -
Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. :... Jan 2024The gut microbiota, predominantly residing in the colon, is a complex ecosystem with a pivotal role in the host immune system. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been... (Review)
Review
The gut microbiota, predominantly residing in the colon, is a complex ecosystem with a pivotal role in the host immune system. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been associated with various diseases, and there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutics that target the microbiome and restore immune functions. This Brief Review discusses emerging therapeutic strategies that focus on oral delivery systems for modulating the gut microbiome. These strategies include genetic engineering of probiotics, probiotic-biomaterial hybrids, dietary fibers, and oral delivery systems for microbial metabolites, antimicrobial peptides, RNA, and antibiotics. Engineered oral formulations have demonstrated promising outcomes in reshaping the gut microbiome and influencing immune responses in preclinical studies. By leveraging these approaches, the interplay between the gut microbiota and the immune system can be harnessed for the development of novel therapeutics against cancer, autoimmune disorders, and allergies.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Immune System; Microbiota; Probiotics; Autoimmune Diseases; Dysbiosis
PubMed: 38166246
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300480 -
Inflammopharmacology Oct 2023Despite the increasing evidence for probiotics' anti-inflammatory effects, the results of meta-analyses remain inconsistent. The present umbrella meta-analysis aimed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Despite the increasing evidence for probiotics' anti-inflammatory effects, the results of meta-analyses remain inconsistent. The present umbrella meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers.
METHODS
We performed a wide-ranging systematic search in several databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar up to April 2023. The overall effect sizes were calculated using effect size (ES) values and their corresponding confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS
Out of a total of 580 related articles, 39 studies were qualified for inclusion in the analysis. The results of the analysis revealed a significant reduction of C-reactive protein (CRP) (ES = -1.02; 95% CI: -1.23, -0.80, p < 0.001; I: 94.1%, p < 0.001), TNF-α (ES = -0.35; 95% CI: -0.50, -0.20, p < 0.001; I: 75.6%, p < 0.001), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (ES = -0.36; 95% CI: -0.59, -0.13, p = 0.002; I: 85.6%, p < 0.001), following probiotic supplementation.
CONCLUSION
Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced serum concentrations of TNF-a, CRP, and IL-6. Thus, probiotic supplementation can be considered adjuvant therapy to alleviate inflammation in various inflammatory conditions.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Interleukin-6; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Probiotics
PubMed: 37698776
DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01332-8 -
Nutrients Apr 2024This comprehensive review explores the potential of using lactobacilli as a probiotic in the management of COVID-19. Our findings suggest that lactobacilli show promise... (Review)
Review
This comprehensive review explores the potential of using lactobacilli as a probiotic in the management of COVID-19. Our findings suggest that lactobacilli show promise in reducing the risk of death, gastrointestinal and overall symptoms, and respiratory failure, as well as in lowering cytokines and inflammatory markers associated with the disease. The molecular mechanisms by which lactobacilli protect against COVID-19 and other viral infections may be related to the reduction in inflammation, modulation of the immune response, and direct interaction with viruses to produce antiviral substances. However, the selected studies demonstrate the presence of mixed findings for various clinical, biochemical, hematological, and immunological parameters, which may be attributed to methodological differences among studies. We highlight the importance of clearly describing randomization processes to minimize bias and caution against small sample sizes and inappropriate statistical tests that could lead to errors. This review offers valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of lactobacilli in the context of COVID-19 and identifies avenues for further research and applications. These findings hold promise for the development of novel approaches to managing COVID-19 and warrant further investigation into the potential benefits of lactobacilli in combating the disease.
Topics: Probiotics; Humans; Lactobacillus; COVID-19; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 38732597
DOI: 10.3390/nu16091350 -
Research Note: In ovo and in-feed probiotic supplementation improves layer embryo and pullet growth.Poultry Science Dec 2023Probiotics are widely used as feed supplements in the poultry industry to promote growth and performance in chickens. Specifically, this supplementation starts around...
Probiotics are widely used as feed supplements in the poultry industry to promote growth and performance in chickens. Specifically, this supplementation starts around the time of lay and continues through the production cycle in laying hens. However, the embryonic period is critical to the growth and development of metabolically active organs thereby influencing subsequent health and productivity in adult birds. Therefore, the present study investigated the potential use of probiotics to promote embryonic growth in layers. Further, a pilot grow-out study was conducted to evaluate the effect of in ovo and in-feed probiotic application on pullet growth. For the study, fertile White Leghorn eggs were sprayed with phosphate buffered saline (control, CON) or probiotic cocktail (in ovo only, IO; Lactobacillus paracasei DUP 13076 and L. rhamnosus NRRL B 442) prior to and during incubation. The embryos were sacrificed on d 7, 10, 14, and 18 of incubation for embryo morphometry. On d 18, remaining eggs were set in the hatcher to assess hatchability and hatchling morphometry. For the pullet trial, hatchlings were raised on feed with or without probiotics until wk 5. Pullets were sacrificed weekly, and morphometric parameters were recorded. Results of our study demonstrate that in ovo probiotic application significantly improved relative embryo weight, crown-rump length, hatchability, and hatchling weight when compared to the control (P < 0.05). Further, this enhanced embryonic development was associated with a concomitant increase in posthatch growth. Specifically, pullets raised from probiotic-sprayed eggs had significantly improved crown-rump length, tibial length, tibial bone weight, and body weight when compared to the control (P < 0.05). Moreover, among the different treatment schemes employed in this study [CON (no probiotics), in-feed only (IF), IO only, and in ovo and in-feed probiotic supplementation (IOIF)], sustained probiotic supplementation (IOIF) was found to be the most effective in promoting growth. Therefore, in ovo and in-feed probiotic supplementation could be employed to promote embryo and pullet growth to support subsequent performance in layers.
Topics: Animals; Female; Chickens; Ovum; Probiotics; Dietary Supplements; Embryonic Development
PubMed: 37769489
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103092 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Jan 2024Probiotics are essential to improve the health of the host, whereas maintaining the viability of probiotics in harsh environments remains a challenge. Polysaccharides... (Review)
Review
Probiotics are essential to improve the health of the host, whereas maintaining the viability of probiotics in harsh environments remains a challenge. Polysaccharides have non-toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and outstanding biodegradability, which can protect probiotics by forming a physical barrier and show a promising prospect for probiotic delivery. In this review, we summarize polysaccharides commonly used for probiotic microencapsulation and introduce the microencapsulation technologies, including extrusion, emulsion, spray drying, freeze drying, and electrohydrodynamics. We discuss strategies for better protection of probiotics and introduce the applications of polysaccharides-encapsulated probiotics in functional food, oral formulation, and animal feed. Finally, we propose the challenges of polysaccharides-based delivery systems in industrial production and application. This review will help provide insight into the advances and challenges of polysaccharides in probiotic delivery.
Topics: Animals; Freeze Drying; Polysaccharides; Alginates; Probiotics; Microbial Viability
PubMed: 37940247
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121414 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2023Nowadays, the increasing use of medicinal plants in the treatment and prevention of diseases has attracted the attention of researchers. The aim of this work was to...
Nowadays, the increasing use of medicinal plants in the treatment and prevention of diseases has attracted the attention of researchers. The aim of this work was to investigate the probiotic properties and antibacterial and antifungal activity of silymarin-enriched Lactobacillus bacteria against several important pathogenic bacteria and also Aspergillus flavus as one of the harmful molds in the food and health industries. For this purpose, 52 g-positive and catalase-negative bacteria were isolated from 60 traditional curd samples from Ilam province. Five of the 52 bacterial strains had more than 90% viability in high bile salt and acidic conditions and were selected for further investigation. The five strains with positive results showed good hydrophobicity (≥ 50.30%), auto-aggregation (≥ 53.70%), coaggregation (≥ 28.20%), and high cholesterol removal ability (from 09.20 to 67.20%) and therefore can be considered potential probiotics. The tested strains displayed acceptable antibacterial and antifungal activity against all 12 pathogenic bacteria and A. flavus. Also, the results of the simultaneous antifungal activity of probiotic strains and silymarin showed that the combination of silymarin and probiotics has a significantly better (P < 0.05) antifungal effect than the control group or the probiotic groups alone. Interestingly, in addition to the Limosilactobacillus fermentum C3 strain, the Limosilactobacillus fermentum C18 and Lactiplantibacillus pentosus C20 strains also had significant inhibitory effects against A. flavus when used with silymarin extract in methanol. Meanwhile, silymarin extract in DMSO and PEG increased the antagonistic activity of all five potential probiotic strains.
Topics: Lactobacillus; Antifungal Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Probiotics
PubMed: 37407617
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37350-3 -
Biomedical Papers of the Medical... Sep 2023This review covers recent data on the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and faecal microbiome and examines the co-relations between the use of... (Review)
Review
This review covers recent data on the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and faecal microbiome and examines the co-relations between the use of probiotics and changes in psychiatric state. We conducted a thorough search of academic databases for articles published between 2018 and 2022, using specific keywords and previously established inclusion/exclusion criteria regarding faecal microbiota, depressive disorder, and probiotics. Of 192 eligible articles (reviews, original papers, and clinical trials), we selected 10 that fully met our criteria and performed a careful review to determine any correlation between microbiome, probiotic treatment, and depression. All patients were adults (mean age, 36.8), with at least one MDD episode and onset of depression during adolescence (duration of 31.39 years of depressive episodes). We found mixed but mostly positive results regarding the influence of probiotic/prebiotic/postbiotic effects on depression. We could not identify the precise mechanism of action that led to their improvement. Antidepressants did not alter the microbiota, according to studies that evaluated this aspect. Probiotic/prebiotic/postbiotic treatments were proven to be safe, with few and mild side effects. Probiotics seemingly could be beneficial in patients with depression, as evidenced by well-established depression scales. Based on this finding and the high tolerability and safety of probiotics, no caveats against their routine use can be made. Some unmet needs in this field include determination of the dominant type of microbiota in specific patients with depression; study of microbiome-directed/driven treatment regarding dose and duration adjustments; and multiple versus single strain treatments.
Topics: Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Brain-Gut Axis; Probiotics; Microbiota
PubMed: 37325818
DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.024 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jan 2024Overweight and obesity are associated with increased intestinal permeability, characterized by loss of gut epithelial integrity, resulting in unregulated passage of... (Review)
Review
Overweight and obesity are associated with increased intestinal permeability, characterized by loss of gut epithelial integrity, resulting in unregulated passage of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other inflammatory triggers into circulation, i.e., metabolic endotoxemia. In obesity, shifts in the gut microbiome negatively impact intestinal permeability. Probiotics are an intervention that can target the gut microbiome by introducing beneficial microbial species, potentially restoring gut barrier integrity. Currently, the role of probiotic supplementation in ameliorating obesity- and overweight-associated increases in gut permeability has not been reviewed. This systematic review aimed to summarize findings from both animal and clinical studies that evaluated the effect of probiotic supplementation on obesity-induced impairment in intestinal permeability (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, CRD42022363538). A literature search was conducted using PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, and CAB Direct from origin until August 2023 using keywords of intestinal permeability, overweight or obesity, and probiotic supplementation. Of 920 records, 26 eligible records were included, comprising 12 animal and 14 clinical studies. Clinical trials ranged from 3 to 26 wk and were mostly parallel-arm (n = 13) or crossover (n = 1) design. In both animal and clinical studies, plasma/serum LPS was the most common measure of intestinal permeability. Eleven of 12 animal studies reported a positive effect of probiotic supplementation in reducing intestinal permeability. However, results from clinical trials were inconsistent, with half reporting reductions in serum LPS and half reporting no differences after probiotic supplementation. Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia emerged as the most common genera in probiotic formulations among the animal and clinical studies that yielded positive results, suggesting that specific bacteria may be more effective at reducing intestinal permeability and improving gut barrier function. However, better standardization of strain use, dosage, duration, and the delivery matrix is needed to fully understand the probiotic impact on intestinal permeability in individuals with overweight and obesity.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Overweight; Lipopolysaccharides; Intestinal Barrier Function; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Probiotics; Obesity
PubMed: 38072119
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100162