-
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Apr 2024It has become a tradition for the BAMP (Bacteriocins and Antimicrobial Peptides) symposium to be a part of the IPC (International Probiotic Conference). In 2024,... (Review)
Review
It has become a tradition for the BAMP (Bacteriocins and Antimicrobial Peptides) symposium to be a part of the IPC (International Probiotic Conference). In 2024, IPC/BAMP will be held on the 18th-20th of June in Prague, Czech Republic ( www.probiotic-conference.net ) and will reunite scientists, students, and representatives from industry and regulations agencies from all around the world. The meeting will serve as a platform for the exchange of knowledge and ideas regarding the past, present, and future of beneficial microbes, probiotics, antimicrobials, and proteins, and their influence on a prosperous and healthier future.
Topics: Humans; Bacteriocins; Probiotics; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 38324140
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10218-2 -
Molecular Biology Reports Feb 2024The role of gut bacteria in human health has long been acknowledged and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been correlated with a variety of disorders. Synthetic... (Review)
Review
The role of gut bacteria in human health has long been acknowledged and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been correlated with a variety of disorders. Synthetic biology has rapidly grown over the past few years offering a variety of biological applications such as harnessing the relationship between bacteria and human health. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are thought to be appropriate chassis organisms for genetic modification with potential biomedical applications. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind their beneficial qualities is essential to assist the multifunctional medicinal sectors. Effective genome editing will aid in the creation of next-generation designer probiotics with enhanced resilience and specialized capabilities, furthering our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind the physiological impacts of probiotics and their interactions with the host and microbiota. The goal of this review is to provide a brief overview of the methods used to create modified probiotics with the scientific rationale behind gene editing technology, the mechanism of action of engineered probiotics along with their application to treat conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, bacterial infections, and various metabolic diseases. In addition, application concerns and future directions are also presented.
Topics: Humans; Probiotics; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Bacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Synthetic Biology
PubMed: 38403783
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09309-8 -
Poultry Science Jun 2024Dietary ingredient and nutrient composition may affect the efficacy of additives in broilers. Specific feed ingredients can represent dietary challenging conditions for...
Dietary ingredient and nutrient composition may affect the efficacy of additives in broilers. Specific feed ingredients can represent dietary challenging conditions for broilers, resulting in impaired performances and health, which might be alleviated by dietary probiotics and postbiotics. We assessed the effects of a Lactobacilli probiotic (Pro) and postbiotic (Post) when added to a standard (SD) and challenge (CD) diet. A completely randomized block study with 2 diets (SD, CD) and 3 additive conditions (Control, Pro and Post) involving 1,368 one-day-old Ross male broilers, equally distributed among 36 pens, from d1 to d42 was conducted. Both diets were formulated to contain identical levels of nutrients, with CD formulated to be richer than SD in nonstarch polysaccharides using rye and barley as ingredients. Readout parameters included growth performance parameters, footpad lesions score, blood minerals and biochemical parameters, and tibia health, strength, and composition. Compared to SD, CD decreased BW (1,936 vs. 2,033 g; p = 0.001), increased FCR (p < 0.01) and impaired tibia health and strength (p < 0.05) at d35, thereby confirming the challenging effect of CD. Pro and Post increased BW in CD (+4.7 and +3.2%, respectively, at d35; P < 0.05) but not in the SD group, without affecting FCR. Independently of the diet, Pro increased plasma calcium, phosphorus and uric acid at d21 (+6.2, +7.4, and +15.5%, respectively) and d35 (+6.6, +6.2 and +21.0%, respectively) (P < 0.05) while Post increased plasma magnesium only at d21 (+11.3%; P = 0.037). Blood bile acids were affected by additives in an age- and diet-dependent manner, with some opposite effects between dietary conditions. Diet composition modulated Pro and Post effects on broiler growth performance. Additionally, Pro and Post affected animal metabolism and leg health diet-dependently for some but not all investigated parameters. Our findings show that the effects of pro- and postbiotics on the growth performance and physiology of broilers can be dependent on diet composition and thus possibly other factors affecting diet characteristics.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Probiotics; Male; Diet; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Random Allocation; Dietary Supplements; Lactobacillus
PubMed: 38555756
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103650 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023The oral cavity is the second most microbially rich region of the human body, and many studies have shown that there is a strong association between microorganisms and...
The oral cavity is the second most microbially rich region of the human body, and many studies have shown that there is a strong association between microorganisms and oral health. Some pathogenic bacteria produce biofilms and harmful metabolites in the mouth that may cause oral problems such as oral malodor, periodontitis, and dental caries. Altering the oral microbiota by using probiotics may alleviate oral health problems. Thus, using multi-function screening, we aimed to identify probiotics that can significantly improve oral health. The main parameters were the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria growth, inhibition of biofilm formation, reduction in the production of indole, HS, and NH metabolites that cause halitosis, increase in the production of HO to combat harmful bacteria, and co-aggregation with pathogens to prevent their adhesion and colonization in the oral cavity. Tolerance to cholic acid and choline was also assessed. ZK-77, ZK-88, and ZK-102 had antibacterial activity and inhibited biofilm production to prevent caries. They also improved the oral malodor parameter, HS, NH, and indole production. The selected probiotics (especially ZK-88) alleviated the inflammation in the oral cavity of rats with periodontitis. The analysis of the gingival crevicular fluid microbiome after probiotic intervention showed that ZK-77 likely helped to restore the oral microbiota and maintain the oral microecology. Next, we determined the best prebiotics for each candidate probiotic in order to obtain a formulation with improved effects. We then verified that a probiotics/prebiotic combination ( ZK-77, ZK-88, and fructooligosaccharides) significantly improved halitosis and teeth color in cats. Using whole-genome sequencing and acute toxicity mouse experiments involving the two probiotics, we found that neither probiotic had virulence genes and they had no significant effects on the growth or development of mice, indicating their safety. Taking the results together, ZK-77 and ZK-88 can improve oral health, as verified by and experiments. This study provides a reference for clinical research and also provides new evidence for the oral health benefits of probiotics.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Animals; Mice; Cats; Oral Health; Halitosis; Dental Caries; Hydrogen Peroxide; Periodontitis; Probiotics; Indoles
PubMed: 38029238
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1261189 -
Nutrients Nov 2023Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a global health concern. Emerging clinical trial (CT) evidence suggests that probiotic intervention may promote a healthy gut... (Review)
Review
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a global health concern. Emerging clinical trial (CT) evidence suggests that probiotic intervention may promote a healthy gut microbiome in individuals with T2DM, thereby improving management of the disease. This systematic literature review summarizes thirty-three CTs investigating the use of oral probiotics for the management of T2DM. Here, twenty-one studies (64%) demonstrated an improvement in at least one glycemic parameter, while fifteen studies (45%) showed an improvement in at least one lipid parameter. However, no article in this review was able to establish a uniform decrease in glycemic, lipid, or blood pressure profiles. The lack of consistency across the studies may be attributed to differences in probiotic composition, duration of probiotic consumption, and probiotic dose. An interesting finding of this literature review was the beneficial trend of metformin and probiotic co-administration. Here, patients with T2DM taking metformin demonstrated enhanced glycemic control via the co-administration of probiotics. Taken together, the overall positive findings reported across the studies in combination with minimal adverse effects constitute ground for further quality CTs. This review provides recommendations for future CTs that may address the shortcomings of the current studies and help to extract useful data from future investigations of the use of probiotics in T2DM management.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Blood Glucose; Metformin; Probiotics; Lipids
PubMed: 37960343
DOI: 10.3390/nu15214690 -
PloS One 2023Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe intestinal disease of the newborn infants, associated with high morbidity and mortality. It has been reported that...
Identification and evaluation of probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium breve AHC3 isolated from chicken intestines and its effect on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in newborn SD rats.
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe intestinal disease of the newborn infants, associated with high morbidity and mortality. It has been reported that Bifidobacterium could protect the intestinal barrier function and reduce the risk of NEC. This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic potential of Bifidobacterium strains isolated from the chicken intestines and its effect on necrotizing enterocolitis in newborn SD rats. Out of 32 isolates, B. breve AHC3 not only exhibited excellent probiotic potential, including tolerance to artificial simulated gastric conditions, adhesion to HT-29 cells, antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity, but also possessed reliable safety. Additionally, NEC model was established to further investigate the effect of B. breve AHC3 on necrotizing enterocolitis in newborn SD rats. It was illustrated that administration of B. breve AHC3 significantly not only reduced the incidence of NEC (from 81.25% to 34.38%) (P< 0.05), but also alleviated the severity of ileal injury (P< 0.05). Compared with NEC model, B. breve AHC3 could significantly decrease the level of proinflammatory factor TNF-α (P< 0.05) and increase the level of antiinflammatory factor IL-10 (P< 0.05) in the ileum of NEC rats. Through the intervention of B. breve AHC3, the gray value of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in intestinal tissue of NEC rats was significantly reduced (P< 0.05). It was indicated that B. breve AHC3 exhibited prominent probiotic potential and reliable safety. In the neonatal SD rat model of NEC, B. breve AHC3 had an available protective effect on the intestinal injury of NEC, which might be related to reducing the inflammatory reaction in the ileum and inhibiting the expression of iNOS in intestinal tissue cells. B. breve AHC3 could be used as a potential treatment for human NEC.
Topics: Infant; Infant, Newborn; Rats; Animals; Humans; Bifidobacterium breve; Chickens; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Intestines; Probiotics; Bifidobacterium; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Animals, Newborn; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 37917716
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287799 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Feb 2024Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a major concern for women worldwide due to increased risk of fractures and diminished bone quality. Recent research on gut microbiota has... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a major concern for women worldwide due to increased risk of fractures and diminished bone quality. Recent research on gut microbiota has suggested that probiotics can combat various diseases, including postmenopausal bone loss. Although several preclinical studies have explored the potential of probiotics in improving postmenopausal bone loss, the results have been inconsistent and the mechanism of action remains unclear. To address this, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of probiotics on animal models of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The bone parameters studied were bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fractions (BV/TV), and hallmarks of bone formation and resorption. Pooled analysis showed that probiotic treatment significantly improves BMD and BV/TV of the ovariectomised animals. Probiotics, while not statistically significant, exhibited a tendency towards enhancing bone formation and reducing bone resorption. Next, we compared the effects of sp. and sp. on osteoporotic bone. Both probiotics improved BMD and BV/TV compared with control, but sp. had a larger effect size. In conclusion, our findings suggest that probiotics have the potential to improve bone health and prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, further studies are required to investigate the effect of probiotics on postmenopausal bone health in humans.
Topics: Animals; Female; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Postmenopause; Probiotics
PubMed: 37869975
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114523002362 -
Nutrients Nov 2023The role of probiotic supplementation in type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment is controversial. The present study aimed to assess the effects of a multi-strain probiotic... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The role of probiotic supplementation in type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment is controversial. The present study aimed to assess the effects of a multi-strain probiotic supplement (LactoLevure (containing , , , and )) over 6 months, primarily on glycemic control as well as on lipid levels and alterations in the gut microbiome, among individuals with T2D residing in Greece. A total of 91 adults with T2D (mean age [±SD] 65.12 ± 10.92 years, 62.6% males) were randomized to receive the probiotic supplement or a matching placebo capsule, once daily, for 6 months. Blood chemistries and anthropometric parameters were conducted every 3 months, and stool samples were collected at baseline and at 6 months. Significant reductions in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol were observed in participants treated with the probiotic supplement (n = 46) compared to the controls (n = 45), even after adjustment for a greater decrease in adiposity (waist circumference). Although there were no statistically significant differences in the diversity of the gut microbiome (α and β diversity), the administration of probiotics did influence several genera, metabolites, and key enzymes associated with diabetes. Overall, the administration of the multi-strain probiotic LactoLevure over a 6-month period in individuals with T2D was well-tolerated and had a positive impact on metabolic parameters, alongside improvements in indices of adiposity.
Topics: Adult; Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Female; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Greece; Blood Glucose; Dietary Supplements; Probiotics; Obesity; Double-Blind Method
PubMed: 37960315
DOI: 10.3390/nu15214663 -
Genes Dec 2023Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of disability in 280 million people worldwide. Many environmental factors, such as microbes,... (Review)
Review
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of disability in 280 million people worldwide. Many environmental factors, such as microbes, drugs, and diet, are involved in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of depression are complex and include the interaction of genetics with epigenetics and the host immune system. Modifications of the gut microbiome and its metabolites influence stress-related responses and social behavior in patients with depressive disorders by modulating the maturation of immune cells and neurogenesis in the brain mediated by epigenetic modifications. Here, we discuss the potential roles of a leaky gut in the development of depressive disorders via changes in gut microbiota-derived metabolites with epigenetic effects. Next, we will deliberate how altering the gut microbiome composition contributes to the development of depressive disorders via epigenetic alterations. In particular, we focus on how microbiota-derived metabolites such as butyrate as an epigenetic modifier, probiotics, maternal diet, polyphenols, drugs (e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antibiotics), and fecal microbiota transplantation could positively alleviate depressive-like behaviors by modulating the epigenetic landscape. Finally, we will discuss challenges associated with recent therapeutic approaches for depressive disorders via microbiome-related epigenetic shifts, as well as opportunities to tackle such problems.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Microbiota; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Probiotics; Epigenesis, Genetic
PubMed: 38137038
DOI: 10.3390/genes14122217 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Oct 2023This study aimed to identify oral Lactobacillus species and characterize their adhesion properties and antibacterial activity in patients with periodontitis compared...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to identify oral Lactobacillus species and characterize their adhesion properties and antibacterial activity in patients with periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy individuals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three hundred and fifty-four isolates from the saliva, subgingival, and tongue plaque of 59 periodontitis patients and 59 healthy individuals were analyzed. Oral Lactobacillus species were identified through the culture method in the modified MRS medium and confirmed by molecular testing. Moreover, the radial diffusion assay and cell culture methods were used to determine the antibacterial activities of oral strains against oral pathogens and their adhesion activity in vitro.
RESULTS
67.7% of the cases and 75.7% of the control samples were positive for the Lactobacillus species. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Limosilactobacillus fermentum were the dominant species in the case group, whereas Lacticaseibacillus casei and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were dominant in the control group. Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus gasseri had higher antibacterial effects against oral pathogens. Moreover, Ligilactobacillus salivarius and L. fermentum demonstrated the highest ability to adhere to oral mucosal cells and salivary-coated hydroxyapatite.
CONCLUSION
L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. fermentum, and L. salivarius can be introduced as probiotic candidates since they demonstrated appropriate adherence to oral mucosal cells and salivary-coated hydroxyapatite and also antibacterial activities. However, further studies should be conducted to assess the safety of probiotic interventions using these strains in patients with periodontal disease.
Topics: Humans; Lactobacillus; Periodontitis; Probiotics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hydroxyapatites
PubMed: 37078410
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.740