-
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Prostatitis is an inflammatory disease of the prostate gland, which affects 2-16% of men worldwide and thought to be a cause for prostate cancer (PCa) development....
BACKGROUND
Prostatitis is an inflammatory disease of the prostate gland, which affects 2-16% of men worldwide and thought to be a cause for prostate cancer (PCa) development. Carcinoembryogenic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) are deregulated in inflammation and in PCa. The role of CEACAMs in prostate inflammation and their possible contribution to the malignant transformation of prostate epithelial cells is still elusive. In this study, we investigated the expression of CEACAMs in an prostatitis model and their potential role in malignant transformation of prostate epithelial cells.
METHODS
Normal prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cells were treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines to achieve an inflammatory state of the cells. The expression of CEACAMs and their related isoforms were analyzed. Additionally, the expression levels of selected CEACAMs were correlated with the expression of malignancy markers and the migratory properties of the cells.
RESULTS
This study demonstrates that the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ), induce synergistically an up-regulation of CEACAM1 expression in RWPE-1 cells, specifically favoring the CEACAM1-L isoform. Furthermore, overexpressed CEACAM1-L is associated with the deregulated expression of JAK/STAT, NFκB, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes, as well as an increased cell migration.
CONCLUSION
We postulate that CEACAM1 isoform CEACAM1-4L may synergistically contribute to inflammation-induced oncogenesis in the prostate.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostatitis; Prostate; Inflammation; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Transcription Factors; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cytokines
PubMed: 37691945
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1236343 -
Pain Research & Management 2023Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is one of the most common diseases of the male urological system while the etiology and treatment of CP/CPPS... (Review)
Review
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is one of the most common diseases of the male urological system while the etiology and treatment of CP/CPPS remain a thorny issue. Cumulative research suggested a potentially important role of glial cells in CP/CPPS. This narrative review retrospected literature and grasped the research process about glial cells and CP/CPPS. Three types of glial cells showed a crucial connection with general pain and psychosocial symptoms. Microglia might also be involved in lower urinary tract symptoms. Only microglia and astrocytes have been studied in the animal model of CP/CPPS. Activated microglia and reactive astrocytes were found to be involved in both pain and psychosocial symptoms of CP/CPPS. The possible mechanism might be to mediate the production of some inflammatory mediators and their interaction with neurons. Glial cells provide a new insight to understand the cause of complex symptoms of CP/CPPS and might become a novel target to develop new treatment options. However, the activation and action mechanism of glial cells in CP/CPPS needs to be further explored.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Male; Chronic Disease; Prostatitis; Pelvic Pain; Central Nervous System; Neuroglia; Chronic Pain
PubMed: 38023826
DOI: 10.1155/2023/2061632 -
World Journal of Urology Nov 2023To investigate the difference in gut microbiome composition between patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and healthy controls, and to...
PURPOSE
To investigate the difference in gut microbiome composition between patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and healthy controls, and to assess the potential of gut microbiota as predictive markers for CP/CPPS risk.
METHODS
The present study included 41 CP/CPPS patients and 43 healthy controls in China. Fecal specimen data were obtained and analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Alpha and beta-diversity indices, relative microbiome abundances, cluster analysis, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) were employed. Microbial biomarkers were selected for the development of a diagnostic classification model, and the functional prediction was conducted using PICRUSt2.
RESULTS
Alpha-diversity measures revealed no statistically significant difference in bacterial community structure between CP/CPPS patients and controls. However, significant differences were observed in the relative abundances of several bacterial genera. Beta-diversity analysis revealed a distinct separation between the two groups. Significant inter-group differences were noted at various taxonomic levels, with specific bacterial genera being significantly different in abundance. The LEfSe analysis indicated that three bacterial species were highly representative and seven bacterial species were low in CP/CPPS patients as compared to the control group. A diagnostic model for CP/CPPS based on microbial biomarkers exhibited good performance. PICRUSt2 functional profiling indicated significant differences in the development and regeneration pathway.
CONCLUSION
Significant differences in the gut microbiome composition were found between groups. The study provided a novel diagnostic model for CP/CPPS based on microbiota, presenting promising potential for future therapeutic targets and non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for CP/CPPS patients.
Topics: Male; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Chronic Disease; Prostatitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Biomarkers; Pelvic Pain; Chronic Pain
PubMed: 37684401
DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04587-6 -
JNCI Cancer Spectrum Aug 2023Management of localized or recurrent prostate cancer since the 1990s has been based on risk stratification using clinicopathological variables, including Gleason score,...
BACKGROUND
Management of localized or recurrent prostate cancer since the 1990s has been based on risk stratification using clinicopathological variables, including Gleason score, T stage (based on digital rectal exam), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). In this study a novel prognostic test, the Decipher Prostate Genomic Classifier (GC), was used to stratify risk of prostate cancer progression in a US national database of men with prostate cancer.
METHODS
Records of prostate cancer cases from participating SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) program registries, diagnosed during the period from 2010 through 2018, were linked to records of testing with the GC prognostic test. Multivariable analysis was used to quantify the association between GC scores or risk groups and use of definitive local therapy after diagnosis in the GC biopsy-tested cohort and postoperative radiotherapy in the GC-tested cohort as well as adverse pathological findings after prostatectomy.
RESULTS
A total of 572 545 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 8927 patients underwent GC testing. GC biopsy-tested patients were more likely to undergo active active surveillance or watchful waiting than untested patients (odds ratio [OR] =2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.04 to 2.38, P < .001). The highest use of active surveillance or watchful waiting was for patients with a low-risk GC classification (41%) compared with those with an intermediate- (27%) or high-risk (11%) GC classification (P < .001). Among National Comprehensive Cancer Network patients with low and favorable-intermediate risk, higher GC risk class was associated with greater use of local therapy (OR = 4.79, 95% CI = 3.51 to 6.55, P < .001). Within this subset of patients who were subsequently treated with prostatectomy, high GC risk was associated with harboring adverse pathological findings (OR = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.38 to 6.27, P = .005). Use of radiation after prostatectomy was statistically significantly associated with higher GC risk groups (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.89 to 3.84).
CONCLUSIONS
There is a strong association between use of the biopsy GC test and likelihood of conservative management. Higher genomic classifier scores are associated with higher rates of adverse pathology at time of surgery and greater use of postoperative radiotherapy.In this study the Decipher Prostate Genomic Classifier (GC) was used to analyze a US national database of men with prostate cancer. Use of the GC was associated with conservative management (ie, active surveillance). Among men who had high-risk GC scores and then had surgery, there was a 3-fold higher chance of having worrisome findings in surgical specimens.
Topics: Male; Humans; United States; Risk Assessment; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostate; Genomics
PubMed: 37525535
DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkad052 -
World Journal of Urology Oct 2023We developed a simple self-checkable screening tool for chronic prostatitis (S-CP) and internally validated it to encourage men (in the general population) with possible...
PURPOSE
We developed a simple self-checkable screening tool for chronic prostatitis (S-CP) and internally validated it to encourage men (in the general population) with possible chronic prostatitis to consult urologists.
METHODS
The expert panel proposed the S-CP, which comprises three domains: Area of pain or discomfort (6 components), accompanying Symptom (6 components), and Trigger for symptom flares (4 components). We employed logistic regression to predict chronic prostatitis prevalence with the S-CP. We evaluated the predictive performance using data from a representative national survey of Japanese men aged 20 to 84. We calculated the optimism-adjusted area under the curve using bootstrapping. We assessed sensitivity/specificity, likelihood ratio, and predictive value for each cutoff of the S-CP.
RESULTS
Data were collected for 5,010 men-71 (1.4%) had a chronic prostatitis diagnosis. The apparent and adjusted area under the curve for the S-CP was 0.765 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.702, 0.829] and 0.761 (0.696, 0.819), respectively. When the cutoff was two of the three domains being positive, sensitivity and specificity were 62.0% (95% CI 49.7, 73.2) and 85.4% (95% CI 84.4, 86.4), respectively. The positive/negative likelihood ratios were 4.2 (95% CI 3.5, 5.2) and 0.45 (95% CI 0.33, 0.60), respectively. The positive/negative predictive values were 5.7 (95% CI 4.2, 7.6) and 99.4 (95% CI 99.1, 99.6), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The reasonable predictive performance of the S-CP indicated that patients (in the general population) with chronic prostatitis were screened as a first step. Further research would develop another tool for diagnostic support in actual clinical settings.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostatitis; Pelvic Pain; Chronic Disease; Predictive Value of Tests; Logistic Models
PubMed: 37712967
DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04574-x -
Radiologic Clinics of North America Jan 2024Multiparametric MR imaging of the prostate is an essential diagnostic study in the evaluation of prostate cancer. Several entities including normal anatomic structures,... (Review)
Review
Multiparametric MR imaging of the prostate is an essential diagnostic study in the evaluation of prostate cancer. Several entities including normal anatomic structures, benign lesions, and posttreatment changes can mimic prostate cancer. An in depth understanding of the pitfalls is important for accurate interpretation of prostate MR imaging.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostate; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Prostatic Neoplasms; Pelvis
PubMed: 37973245
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2023.07.001 -
The Journal of Urology Oct 2023We studied whether adding percent free PSA to total PSA improves prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer and fatal prostate cancer.
PURPOSE
We studied whether adding percent free PSA to total PSA improves prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer and fatal prostate cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 6,727 men within the intervention arm of PLCO (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial) had baseline percent free PSA. Of this cohort, 475 had clinically significant prostate cancer and 98 had fatal prostate cancer. Cumulative incidence and Cox analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between percent free PSA/PSA and clinically significant prostate cancer/fatal prostate cancer. Harrell's C index evaluated predictive ability. Kaplan-Meier analysis assessed survival.
RESULTS
Median follow-up was 19.7 years, median baseline PSA was 1.19 ng/mL, median percent free PSA was 18%. Cumulative incidence of fatal prostate cancer for men with baseline PSA ≥2 ng/mL and percent free PSA ≤10 was 3.2% and 6.1% at 15 and 25 years, respectively, compared to 0.03% and 1.1% for men with percent free PSA >25%. In younger men (55-64 years) with baseline PSA 2-10 ng/mL, C index improved from 0.56 to 0.60 for clinically significant prostate cancer and from 0.53 to 0.64 for fatal prostate cancer with addition of percent free PSA. In older men (65-74 years), C index improved for clinically significant prostate cancer from 0.60 to 0.66, with no improvement in fatal prostate cancer. Adjusting for age, digital rectal exam, family history of prostate cancer, and total PSA, percent free PSA was associated with clinically significant prostate cancer (HR 1.05, < .001) per 1% decrease. Percent free PSA improved prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer and fatal prostate cancer for all race groups.
CONCLUSIONS
In a large U.S. screening trial, the addition of percent free PSA to total PSA in men with baseline PSA ≥2 ng/mL improved prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer and fatal prostate cancer. Free PSA should be used to risk-stratify screening and decrease unnecessary prostate biopsies.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Mass Screening; Early Detection of Cancer; Prostatic Neoplasms; Prostate
PubMed: 37384841
DOI: 10.1097/JU.0000000000003603 -
The Journal of Urology Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Male; Embolization, Therapeutic; Prostate
PubMed: 38703386
DOI: 10.1097/JU.0000000000003976 -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2024
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostate; Prostatitis; Tuberculosis, Male Genital
PubMed: 37624660
DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0299 -
European Journal of Radiology Jan 2024The development of different imaging modalities of the prostate has significantly improved tumor detection, patient risk stratification, and quality of care.Among these,...
The development of different imaging modalities of the prostate has significantly improved tumor detection, patient risk stratification, and quality of care.Among these, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) has emerged as the most sensitive tool.It is useful in the diagnosis, localization, risk stratification, and staging of clinically significant prostate cancer, PCa. As a result, mp-MRI of the prostate is recommended as the initial diagnostic test for men with suspected PCa. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer and mp-MRI plays a fundamental role in this scenario.While many aspects of image quality certainly fall within the purview of radiology, it is important to recognize that urologists must also be attentive to imaging quality when utilizing mp-MRI to facilitate PCa management. We present our viewpoint as urologists on how image quality impacts the management of men diagnosed with PCa andattempt to identify the factors that impact mp-MRI image quality, consequences of poor image quality, and finally suggestions for improvements.
Topics: Male; Humans; Prostate; Urologists; Image-Guided Biopsy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 38101197
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.111255