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The Science of the Total Environment Dec 2023The emergence of carbapenem resistance is a major public health threat in sub-Saharan Africa but remains poorly understood, particularly at the human-animal-environment...
The emergence of carbapenem resistance is a major public health threat in sub-Saharan Africa but remains poorly understood, particularly at the human-animal-environment interface. This study provides the first One Health-based study on the epidemiology of Carbapenemase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria (CP-GNB) in Djibouti City, Djibouti, East Africa. In total, 800 community urine samples and 500 hospital specimens from humans, 270 livestock fecal samples, 60 fish samples, and 20 water samples were collected and tested for carbapenem resistance. The overall estimated CP-GNB prevalence was 1.9 % (32/1650 samples) and specifically concerned 0.3 % of community urine samples, 2.8 % of clinical specimens, 2.6 % of livestock fecal samples, 11.7 % of fish samples, and 10 % of water samples. The 32 CP-GNB included 19 Escherichia coli, seven Acinetobacter baumannii, five Klebsiella pneumoniae, and one Proteus mirabilis isolate. Short-read (Illumina) and long-read (Nanopore) genome sequencing revealed that carbapenem resistance was mainly associated with chromosomal carriage of bla, bla, bla, bla, and bla in A. baumannii, and with plasmid carriage in Enterobacterales (bla and bla in E. coli, bla, bla and bla in K. pneumoniae, and bla in P. mirabilis). Moreover, 17/32 CP-GNB isolates belonged to three epidemic clones: (1) A. baumannii sequence type (ST) 1697,2535 that showed a distribution pattern consistent with intra- and inter-hospital dissemination; (2) E. coli ST10 that circulated at the human-animal-environment interface; and (3) K. pneumoniae ST147 that circulated at the human-environment interface. Horizontal exchanges probably contributed to carbapenem resistance dissemination in the city, especially the bla-carrying ColKP3-IncX3 hybrid plasmid that was found in E. coli isolates belonging to different STs. Our study highlights that despite a relatively low CP-GNB prevalence in Djibouti City, plasmids harboring carbapenem resistance circulate in humans, animals and environment. Our findings stress the need to implement preventive and control measures for reducing the circulation of this potentially emerging public health threat.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Escherichia coli; Djibouti; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Plasmids; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Carbapenems; Genomics; Water; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37730061
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167160 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Jun 2024Laccase is an exothermic enzyme with copper in its structure and has an important role in biodegradation by providing oxidation of phenolic compounds and aromatic amines...
Optimization studies on laccase activity of Proteus mirabilis isolated from treatment sludge of textile industry factories : Optimization of laccase activity of Proteus mirabilis.
Laccase is an exothermic enzyme with copper in its structure and has an important role in biodegradation by providing oxidation of phenolic compounds and aromatic amines and decomposing lignin. The aim of this study is to reach maximum laccase enzyme activity with minimum cost and energy through optimization studies of Proteusmirabilis isolated from treatment sludge of a textile factory. In order to increase the laccase enzyme activities of the isolates, medium and culture conditions were optimized with the study of carbon (Glucose, Fructose, Sodium Acetate, Carboxymethylcellulose, Xylose) and nitrogen sources (Potassium nitrate, Yeast Extract, Peptone From Soybean, Bacteriological Peptone), incubation time, pH, temperature and Copper(II) sulfate concentration then according to the results obtained. Response Surface Method (RSM) was performed on six different variables with three level. According to the data obtained from the RSM, the maximum laccase enzyme activity is reached at pH 7.77, temperature 30.03C, 0.5 g/L CuSO, 0.5 g/L fructose and 0.082 g/L yeast extract conditions. After all, the laccase activity increased 2.7 times. As a result, laccase activity of P. mirabilis can be increased by optimization studies. The information obtained as a result of the literature studies is that the laccase enzymes produced in laboratory and industrial scale are costly and their amounts are low. This study is important in terms of obtaining more laccase activity from P.mirabilis with less cost and energy.
Topics: Laccase; Proteus mirabilis; Sewage; Textile Industry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Temperature; Culture Media; Industrial Waste; Nitrogen; Carbon; Biodegradation, Environmental
PubMed: 38727921
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01350-w -
Journal of Biomolecular Structure &... Nov 2023is a gram-negative bacterium particularly known for its unique swarming ability. The swarming gives the bacteria ability to enhance adherence to the catheter surface...
is a gram-negative bacterium particularly known for its unique swarming ability. The swarming gives the bacteria ability to enhance adherence to the catheter surface and epithelium cells of the urethra to cause catheter associated urinary tract infections. has evolved resistant to antibiotics. Additionally, there is an approved vaccine against , thus demanding for identification of new vaccine targets. This gram-negative bacterium consists of 19,502 core proteins, out of which 19,063 are redundant proteins and remaining 439 are non-redundant proteins. The non-redundant proteins have 21 proteins present on the cell surface out of which 11 proteins are virulent. Antigenicity analysis predicted only 2 proteins as antigenic (fimbrial biogenesis outer membrane usher protein and ligand-gated channel protein). Four and seven B-cells epitopes were predicted from the former and later proteins, respectively. The predicted B-cells epitopes were used for T- cells epitopes prediction. The predicted epitopes were linked to each other through GPGPG linkers and joined with cholera toxin beta subunit adjuvant. A multi-epitopes vaccine construct consisting of 226 residues was docked with MHC-I, MHC-II and TLR-4. The best docked complex in each case has binding energy of -714.6, -744.6 and -829.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Moreover, the docking results were validated through molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energies estimation. The net energy of -137.2 kcal/mol was calculated for vaccine-MHC-I complex, -133.39 kcal/mol for vaccine-MHC-II and -158.68 kcal/mol for vaccine-TLR-4 complex. The designed vaccine construct could provoke immune responses against targeted pathogen and may be used in experimental testing.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Topics: Proteome; Proteus mirabilis; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Molecular Docking Simulation; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; Membrane Proteins; Computational Biology; Vaccines, Subunit
PubMed: 36476074
DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2153920 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... May 2024Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen that has been held responsible for numerous nosocomial and community-acquired infections which are difficult to be...
BACKGROUND
Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen that has been held responsible for numerous nosocomial and community-acquired infections which are difficult to be controlled because of its diverse antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.
METHODS
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of P. mirabilis isolates collected from different clinical sources in Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt was determined. Moreover, the underlying resistance mechanisms and genetic relatedness between isolates were investigated.
RESULTS
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated elevated levels of resistance to different classes of antimicrobials among the tested P. mirabilis clinical isolates (n = 66). ERIC-PCR showed great diversity among the tested isolates. Six isolates (9.1%) were XDR while all the remaining isolates were MDR. ESBLs and AmpCs were detected in 57.6% and 21.2% of the isolates, respectively, where bla, bla, bla, bla and bla were detected. Carbapenemases and MBLs were detected in 10.6 and 9.1% of the isolates, respectively, where bla and bla genes were detected. Quinolone resistant isolates (75.8%) harbored acc(6')-Ib-cr, qnrD, qnrA, and qnrS genes. Resistance to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol exceeded 80%. Fosfomycin was the most active drug against the tested isolates as only 22.7% were resistant. Class I or II integrons were detected in 86.4% of the isolates. Among class I integron positive isolates, four different gene cassette arrays (dfrA17- aadA5, aadB-aadA2, aadA2-lnuF, and dfrA14-arr-3-bla-aadA15) and two gene cassettes (dfrA7 and aadA1) were detected. While class II integron positive isolates carried four different gene cassette arrays (dfrA1-sat1-aadA1, estXVr-sat2-aadA1, lnuF- dfrA1-aadA1, and dfrA1-sat2).
CONCLUSION
P. Mirabilis ability to acquire resistance determinants via integrons may be held responsible for the elevated rates of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of XDR or even PDR strains limiting the available therapeutic options for management of infections caused by those strains.
Topics: Egypt; Humans; Proteus mirabilis; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Proteus Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Prevalence; beta-Lactamases; Integrons; Bacterial Proteins; Cross Infection; Male
PubMed: 38790053
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00705-3 -
BioRxiv : the Preprint Server For... Jun 2024Polymicrobial biofilms play an important role in the development and pathogenesis of CAUTI. and are common CAUTI pathogens that persistently co-colonize the...
Polymicrobial biofilms play an important role in the development and pathogenesis of CAUTI. and are common CAUTI pathogens that persistently co-colonize the catheterized urinary tract and form biofilms with increased biomass and antibiotic resistance. In this study, we uncover the metabolic interplay that drives biofilm enhancement and examine the contribution to CAUTI severity. Through compositional and proteomic biofilm analyses, we determined that the increase in biofilm biomass stems from an increase in the protein fraction of the polymicrobial biofilm matrix. We further observed an enrichment in proteins associated with ornithine and arginine metabolism in polymicrobial biofilms compared to single-species biofilms. We show that L-ornithine secretion by promotes arginine biosynthesis in and that disruption of this metabolic interplay abrogates the biofilm enhancement we see and leads to significant decreases in infection severity and dissemination in a murine CAUTI model.
PubMed: 36993593
DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.17.533237 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2024() is known to cause various infections, most commonly urinary tract infections, and is a threat to hospitalized patients, especially in long-stay departments that...
BACKGROUND
() is known to cause various infections, most commonly urinary tract infections, and is a threat to hospitalized patients, especially in long-stay departments that utilize invasive devices. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap regarding epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance in Saudi Arabia. It investigates epidemiological patterns, resistance characteristics, and clinical outcomes among patients at King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh from 2019 to 2021.
METHODS
A total of 598 isolated from diverse clinical specimens, including the clinical information of 78 intensive care unit (ICU) patients, were included in the current study. The Phoenix BD instrument was used for complete identification and sensitivity testing of spp. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data were reported and compared using statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Pan-drug-resistant isolates were identified in 2019 (n = 6), although multi- and extensively drug-resistant isolate frequencies were greatest among all patients in 2019. The highest susceptibility levels were observed for piperacillin-tazobactam, carbapenems, and cephalosporins antibiotics. In contrast, Cephalothin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin had the lowest susceptibilities. Urine infections with a positive culture of were significantly higher in females and non-ICU patients ( <0.001), but respiratory infections were significantly higher in ICU patients ( <0.001). Moreover, ICU patients infected with and undergoing renal dialysis have a 7.2-fold ( 0.034) higher risk of death than those not receiving dialysis.
CONCLUSION
Hospitalized patients are at risk of fatal consequences due to infection. It is crucial to conduct further investigation to fully understand the severity of this issue and take necessary measures to prevent it.
PubMed: 38375102
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S448335 -
Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Sep 2023In Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, mucosal type, most common organisms are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus species (P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris). It is important...
BACKGROUND
In Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, mucosal type, most common organisms are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus species (P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris). It is important to prescribe culture-directed antibiotics to prevent resistance. This study was conducted to determine the bacteriological profile and drug susceptibility in patient with chronic suppurative otitis media.
METHODS
This is a hospital-based descriptive study done at Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal from July 2019 to June 2020. Under aseptic condition, the swab specimens were obtained from patients with history of ear discharge of >12 weeks duration and findings central perforation of the tympanic membrane. The sample was labeled and immediately transferred to the microbiology lab for culture/sensitivity test according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
RESULTS
Out of total 127 patients, 48 (37.8%) were male and 79 (62.2%) were female. One hundred and seven samples (84.3%) had positive culture while 20 samples (15.7%) had no growth. Staphylococcus aureus (43%), was the most common isolate followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.4%), Proteus mirabilis (9.3%), and Escherichia coli (8.4%). All the organisms isolated were 100% sensitive to imipenem followed by 96.2% sensitive to gentamicin and 95.3% to amikacin.
CONCLUSIONS
Staphylococcus aureus (43%) was the most predominant isolate followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.4%), Proteus mirabilis (9.3%), and Escherichia coli (8.4%). Imipenem was the most sensitive antibiotic (100%) followed by gentamicin (96.2%), amikacin (95.3%), and ofloxacin (88.78%).
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Otitis Media, Suppurative; Amikacin; Nepal; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Imipenem; Staphylococcal Infections; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins
PubMed: 37742144
DOI: 10.33314/jnhrc.v21i1.4137 -
Cellular and Molecular Biology... Aug 2023Due to its rising prevalence, first-trimester miscarriage is getting more attention. Abortion etiology and pathology, especially in non-pathological cases, are unknown....
Due to its rising prevalence, first-trimester miscarriage is getting more attention. Abortion etiology and pathology, especially in non-pathological cases, are unknown. In this study, 435 vaginal swabs were collected from aborted women in Maternity Teaching Hospitals in Erbil and Shahid Dr. Khalid Hospital in Koya. We characterized the vaginal microbiota diversity and composition in first-trimester abortion and investigated the association between bacterial vaginosis and abortion before 12 weeks. Cultural, morphological, and biochemical characteristics for each bacterial genus were discovered, and VITEK-2 system was used to identify isolated bacteria. Samples from each type of bacteria were selected for sequencing utilizing 16 rRNA genes examining V4-V8 region for bacterial profiles. Bacterial vaginitis was found in 412 (94.7%) first-trimester miscarriages. Six Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria were found in these 412 samples. Microorganism distribution varied Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (86) 20.87%, Enterococcus faecalis (31) 7.52%, Gardnerella vaginalis (24) 5.83%, Streptococcus agalactia (21) 5.1%, Lactobacillus equicursoris (14) 3.4% and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (12) 2.91%. Gram-negative bacteria including E. coli (107) 25.97%, Klebsiella pneumonia (76) 18.45%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (29) 7.04% and Proteus mirabilis (12) 2.91%. Staphylococcus aureus had the highest rate of isolation at (86) 20.87%, while Lactobacillus equicursoris had the lowest rate at (14) 3.4%. Overall, the rate of isolation for Gram-negative bacteria (224) was 54.4%, while the rate for Gram-positive bacteria (188) was 45.6%.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Abortion, Spontaneous; Escherichia coli; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Microbiota
PubMed: 37715440
DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2023.69.8.2 -
Journal of Materials Chemistry. B Jun 2024The presence of a variety of bacteria is an inevitable/indispensable part of human life. In particular, for patients, the existence and spreading of bacteria lead to...
The presence of a variety of bacteria is an inevitable/indispensable part of human life. In particular, for patients, the existence and spreading of bacteria lead to prolonged treatment period with many more complications. The widespread use of urinary catheters is one of the main causes for the prevalence of infections. The necessity of long-term use of indwelling catheters is unavoidable in terms of the development of bacteriuria and blockage. As is known, since a permanent solution to this problem has not yet been found, research and development activities continue actively. Herein, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-like thin films were synthesized by a custom designed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD) method and the long-term effect of antifouling properties of PEG-like coated catheters was investigated against and . The contact angle measurements have revealed the increase of wettability with the increase of plasma exposure time. The antifouling activity of surface-coated catheters was analyzed against the Gram-negative/positive bacteria over a long-term period (up to 30 days). The results revealed that PE-CVD coated PEG-like thin films are highly capable of eliminating bacterial attachment on surfaces with relatively reduced protein attachment without having any toxic effect. Previous statements were supported with SEM, XPS, FTIR spectroscopy, and contact angle analysis.
Topics: Urinary Catheters; Escherichia coli; Surface Properties; Proteus mirabilis; Polyethylene Glycols; Bacterial Adhesion; Biofouling; Humans; Coated Materials, Biocompatible
PubMed: 38758163
DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00311j -
Molecular Biology Reports Mar 2024Bacterial pathogens are the causative agents of some of the most serious disease problems in cultured fish causing mortalities and severe economic losses. This study was...
BACKGROUND
Bacterial pathogens are the causative agents of some of the most serious disease problems in cultured fish causing mortalities and severe economic losses. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and characterization of Proteus mirabilis from infected farmed African catfish in Ogun State, Nigeria.
METHODOLOGY
The bacteria were isolated from diseased farmed African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, n=128) with clinical signs of skin haemorrhages, ulceration, and ascites purposively sampled from farms within three senatorial districts namely Ogun East (OE; n=76), Ogun Central (OC; n=30) and Ogun West (OW; n=22) in Ogun State. The isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics, biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene characterisation. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were analysed using BLAST, submitted to the NCBI database, and an accession number was generated.
RESULTS
The occurrence of Proteus mirabilis in infected Clarias gariepinus was 13.16%, 25%, and 31.25% in OE, OC, and OW, respectively. A significantly higher incidence was recorded in OW compared to other areas. All the Proteus mirabilis isolates were motile, gram-negative, short rod, non-lactose fermenter bacteria that showed positive catalase reactions, negative oxidase, and positive for methyl-red. The Proteus mirabilis isolates (OP 594726.1) were closely related to isolates from Pakistan, Italy, and India CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that Proteus mirabilis colonises farmed Clarias gariepinus in Ogun State, Nigeria and the identified strain showed an evolutionary relationship with known pathogenic NCBI reference strains from other countries.
Topics: Animals; Proteus mirabilis; Catfishes; Nigeria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria
PubMed: 38532199
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08973-6