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The Journal of Antibiotics Oct 2023A new peptide, emblestatin (1), was discovered from a culture broth of Embleya scabrispora K20-0267. This strain was isolated from soil using an agar medium containing...
A new peptide, emblestatin (1), was discovered from a culture broth of Embleya scabrispora K20-0267. This strain was isolated from soil using an agar medium containing lysozyme. Based on NMR and mass spectrometric analyses, 1 consists of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxazoline, β-alanine, glutamine, N-methyl-N-hydroxyornithine and 3-amino-1-hydroxy-2-piperidone moieties. Further analysis using the advanced Marfey's method revealed that all amino acids with the stereogenic α-carbon in 1 had the L configuration. Compound 1 exhibited iron chelating activity and weak antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus aureus.
PubMed: 37468747
DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00645-8 -
Silver nanoparticles synthesized by probiotic bacteria and antibacterial role in resistant bacteria.AMB Express Dec 2023Many dangerous bacteria have become highly resistant to traditional antibiotics, which is a huge public health concern. This study investigated the use of silver...
Many dangerous bacteria have become highly resistant to traditional antibiotics, which is a huge public health concern. This study investigated the use of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized in a culture filtrate of Lactobacillus acidophilus as antimicrobials. UV-visual spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray power diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy have all validated the findings. The biosynthesized nanoparticles ranged in size from 33 to 90 nm. The cytotoxicity of the nanosilver generated was then investigated using nine 200 g BW rats separated into three groups. When compared to the control group, the treated rats showed little signs of toxicity; parameters of physiological function, including alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, creatinine, and urea were significantly different in treated and non-treated animals. Moreover, the antibacterial role of the generated silver nanoparticles was examined in multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, revealing high antibacterial activity against the examined bacteria. For more demonstration of the effect of the nanosilver on transcription and gene regulation of treated and non-treated bacteria differential display droplet digital-PCR was used, and the results revealed that several genes were up- and down-regulated. Some genes were selected for DNA sequencing and according to the sequence analysis, these genes were mecA, beta-lactam, and unidentified protein genes, and these have been deposited in the GenBank Database with the following accession numbers: Staphylococcus MZ748472 and Klebsiella MZ748473. We conclude that silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by L. acidophilus are environmentally friendly and have antibacterial activities against MDR pathogenic bacteria.
PubMed: 38062240
DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01651-7 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023, also known as sweet ginger, is a medicinal and edible plant. rhizome is popularly utilized in traditional Chinese medicine and as flavouring spices, but there are few...
, also known as sweet ginger, is a medicinal and edible plant. rhizome is popularly utilized in traditional Chinese medicine and as flavouring spices, but there are few reports on its constituents and bioactivities. This study analyzed the phytochemical components of rhizome by GC-MS and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS and evaluated its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-enzymatic properties. According to the GC-FID/MS data, its rhizome essential oil (EO) consisted mainly of ()-2-decenal (53.8%), ()-2-decenyl acetate (24.4%), ()-3-dodecenyl acetate (3.5%), and ()-2-octenal (3.5%). Its water extract (WE) and 70% ethanol extract (EE) showed high total phenolic content (TPC, 52.99-60.49 mg GAEs/g extract) and total flavonoid content (TFC, 260.69-286.42 mg REs/g extract). In addition, the phytochemicals of WE and EE were further characterized using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS, and a total of sixty-three compounds were identified, including fourteen phenolic components and twenty-three flavonoid compounds. In the antioxidant assay, WE and EE revealed a potent scavenging effect on DPPH (IC: 6.59 ± 0.88 mg/mL and 17.70 ± 1.15 mg/mL, respectively), surpassing the BHT (IC: 21.83 ± 0.89 mg/mL). For the antimicrobial activities, EO displayed excellent antibacterial capabilities against , , , , and with DIZ (12.60-22.17 mm), MIC (0.78-1.56 mg/mL), and MBC (3.13 mg/mL) and significantly inhibited growth (MIC = 0.313 mg/mL, MFC = 0.625 mg/mL, respectively). In addition to weak tyrosinase and cholinesterase inhibition, EE and WE had a prominent inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase (IC: 0.013 ± 0.001 mg/mL and 0.017 ± 0.002 mg/mL), which was significantly higher than acarbose (IC: 0.22 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Hence, the rhizome of has excellent potential for utilization in the pharmaceutical and food fields as a source of bioactive substances.
PubMed: 37936928
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1284931 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Sous-vide is a process comprising vacuum-sealing food, heating it to the desired temperature, and circulating it in a water bath in a sous vide machine. This cooking...
Sous-vide is a process comprising vacuum-sealing food, heating it to the desired temperature, and circulating it in a water bath in a sous vide machine. This cooking technique is increasingly common in homes and catering establishments due to its simplicity and affordability. However, manufacturers and chef's recommendations for low-temperature and long-term sous-vide cooking in media raise food safety concerns, particularly when preparing beef tenderloin. In this study, was found to be inactivated by heat and sage essential oil (EO) in beef samples from that had been sous vide processed. To determine whether heat treatment was likely to increase the sous vide efficiency, . and sage EO were mixed. After being vacuum-packed and injected with , the samples were cooked at 50-65 °C through the sous vide technique for the prescribed time. On days 1, 3, and 6, the amounts of , total bacteria, and coliform bacteria were measured in the control and treated groups of beef processed sous vide. Mass spectrometry was used to identify bacterial isolates on different days. On each day that was measured, a higher number of all the microbiota was found in the samples exposed to 50 °C for 5 min. The most frequently isolated microorganisms from both groups of samples were (17%), (8%), and (8%); in the treated group, also (21%), (13%), and (6%). After the heat treatment of samples at 65 °C for 20 min, the total count of bacteria and coliform bacteria was zero. It has been shown that adding sage essential oil (EO) in combination with sous vide processing technique leads to the stabilization and safety of beef tenderloin.
PubMed: 38002229
DOI: 10.3390/foods12224172 -
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Nov 2023Modern functional chemicals that can be employed in biotechnology, pharmaceutics, and food science are a sustainable source to be found in seaweeds. The bioactivity of...
Modern functional chemicals that can be employed in biotechnology, pharmaceutics, and food science are a sustainable source to be found in seaweeds. The bioactivity of the majority of these marine compounds has received scant research. Fucoidan is a highly sulfated polysaccharide with a range of bioactivities, including an antipathogenic effect. There is still much to learn about the relationship between fucoidan structure and its function in pathogen infections. By employing microwave and probe sonication to create crude fucoidan, DEAE-cellulose anion-exchange chromatography was used to further purify the substance. Purified fucoidan was structurally characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and NMR analysis. The results of the structural analysis demonstrate that sulfates and hydroxyl groups are present in the isolated fucoidan. There are fucose residues, according to the NMR data. The present study investigates the bioactivity of fucoidan, a polysaccharide derived from the brown algae Padina boryana, as a potent weapon against the known nosocomial diseases Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella enterica. Fluorescence microscopy was used to show that fucoidan antibiofilm action is totally effective against Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella enterica biofilm formations as well as planktonic cell growths at dosages over 25 g/mL. Here, using in vitro investigations of the possible inactivation of molecules that are regulated by acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) in both bacterial species, we explore the antiquarum sensing and antibiofilm capabilities of fucoidan. According to the present study, extracted fucoidan from Padina boryana can be used to generate antibacterial compounds and operate as a quorum-sensing inhibitor to combat side effects and antibiotic resistance.
PubMed: 37947943
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04767-5 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023According to WHO, antibiotic resistance is increasing to hazardous levels worldwide. Candidiasis often occurs after taking antibiotics. Therefore, antibiotic resistance...
INTRODUCTION
According to WHO, antibiotic resistance is increasing to hazardous levels worldwide. Candidiasis often occurs after taking antibiotics. Therefore, antibiotic resistance is a global problem and searching for antibacterial agents is necessary.
AIM
To determine the antimicrobial activity of bacterial lysate of DV separately and with plant extracts against bacterial and yeast test cultures.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Antimicrobial activity of Del-Immune V (cell wall and DNA fragments from a DV) separately and with cinnamon, beetroot, and blackcurrant extracts was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Twofold serial dilutions determined the MIC in previously prepared meat-peptone broth (MPB) for bacteria and liquid wort for yeast. In the study, gram-negative ( IEM-1, PА-12, sp. MI-2, 13/2) and gram-positive ( BТ-2, BМС-1) bacteria, as well as yeast ( D-6, PE-2, BVS-65) were used as test cultures.
RESULTS
The MIC for the studied bacterial test cultures after application of DV bacterial lysates was from 1.0 ± 0.05 mg/mL to 12.5 ± 0.63 mg/mL, which was significantly less than that of the thermally inactivated control (MIC from 125.0 ± 6.25 mg/mL to 250.0 ± 12.5 mg/mL). BT-2 culture was the least sensitive to the action of the bacterial lysate (MIC-12.5 ± 0.63 mg/mL). It showed the best antibacterial and antifungal effect bacterial lysate with the phytonutrient blackcurrant.
CONCLUSIONS
It was demonstrated that bacterial lysate of lactic acid bacteria DV exhibits antibacterial and antifungal properties during direct contact with pathogenic agents.
Topics: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Antifungal Agents; Dietary Supplements; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candida tropicalis
PubMed: 37692171
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1211952 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Dehnh is a tree species that is commonly used for various purposes, including forestry, agroforestry, and conservation. The present investigation was designed to...
Dehnh is a tree species that is commonly used for various purposes, including forestry, agroforestry, and conservation. The present investigation was designed to determine the composition of leaves essential oil and estimate its free radicals, porcine pancreatic lipase, α-amylase inhibitory, and antimicrobial properties in vitro. The chemical constituents were analyzed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), p-nitrophenyl butyrate, and 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid (DNSA) methods were employed to estimate the antioxidant, antiobesity, and antidiabetic effects of the essential oil. The microdilution assay was employed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of the substance against a total of seven distinct microbial species. The GC-MS results revealed that essential oil contains 52 components that makeup 100% of the entire oil. The main chemical constituents in essential oil are -cymene (38.64%), followed by aromadendrene (29.65%), and 1,8-cineol (6.45%), with monocyclic monoterpene being the most abundant phytochemical group, followed by the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon group, representing 44.27 and 31.46%, respectively. The essential oil showed a weak antioxidant effect and had no antilipase or antiamylase effects. At the same time, the oil showed a strong antimicrobial effect against methicillin-resistant (MRSA), , and , which was even more potent than the positive controls, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin, which had MIC doses of 0.2 ± 0.01, 0.2 ± 0.01, and 6.25 ± 0.1 µg/mL, respectively. It also has a strong anti- effect with a MIC of 0.2 ± 0.01 µg/mL. In light of these findings, in vivo studies should be conducted to determine the efficiency of the essential oil in treating microbial infections.
PubMed: 38005702
DOI: 10.3390/plants12223805 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Diabetic foot is one of the most significant complications in individuals with diabetes and is closely associated with lower limb amputation. The antibiotic...
BACKGROUND
Diabetic foot is one of the most significant complications in individuals with diabetes and is closely associated with lower limb amputation. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of these bacterial isolates play a critical role in guiding effective treatment strategies We aimed to determine the most common bacterial agents causing diabetic foot infections in a tertiary-care hospital in Peru.
METHODS
Clinical and microbiological data were collected from 181 patients diagnosed with diabetic foot infections and positive microbiological culture results. All the samples were analyzed with the Vitek 2 compact system and the cut-off points were defined with the CLSI M100 guide. The data were segregated based on mono-microbial or poly-microbial cultures, bacterial types, and antibiotic susceptibility profiles.
RESULTS
A total of 32 bacterial species were identified, predominantly Gram-negative (63%). The most frequent bacterial agents isolated were (19.9%), (12.2%), (8.3%), and (6.6%). These bacteria commonly exhibited resistance to Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and Cefuroxime. showed the highest antibiotic resistance (19 antibiotics), while Gentamicin, Tobramycin, and Levofloxacin demonstrated the highest sensitivity against the most prevalent bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria also exhibited notable antibiotic-susceptibility to Meropenem, Piperacillin/tazobactam, and Amikacin. Regarding the presence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, 54 isolates tested positive, with 35 (64.8%) and 14 (42.4%) of these being .
CONCLUSIONS
Bacterial agents causing diabetic foot infections pose a constant concern, particularly due to the increasing antibiotic resistance observed. This difficulty in treating the condition contributes to a higher risk of amputation and mortality. Further research on bacterial susceptibility is necessary to determine appropriate dosages for pharmacological treatment and to prevent the overuse of antibiotics.
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Foot; Cross-Sectional Studies; Peru; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Levofloxacin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Staphylococcal Infections; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 38116313
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1267699 -
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Oct 2023Zingiber officinale, generally known as ginger, contains bioactive phytochemicals, including gingerols and shogaols, that may function as reducing agents and stabilizers...
BACKGROUND
Zingiber officinale, generally known as ginger, contains bioactive phytochemicals, including gingerols and shogaols, that may function as reducing agents and stabilizers for the formation of nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NPs). Ginger extract-mediated nickel nanoparticles were synthesized using an eco-friendly method, and their antibacterial, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, anticancer, dye degrading, and biocompatibility properties were investigated.
METHODS
UV-visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to validate and characterize the synthesis of Ni-NPs. Agar well diffusion assay, alpha-amylase and glucosidase inhibitory assay, free radical scavenging assay, biocompatibility assay, and MTT assay were used to analyse the biomedical importance of Ni-NPs.
RESULTS
SEM micrograph examinations revealed almost aggregates of Ni-NPs; certain particles were monodispersed and spherical, with an average grain size of 74.85 ± 2.5 nm. Ni-NPs have successfully inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris by inducing membrane damage, as shown by the absorbance at 260 nm (A260). DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals were successfully scavenged by Ni-NPs at an inhibition rate of 69.35 ± 0.81% at 800 µg/mL. A dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Ni-NPs was observed against amastigote and promastigote forms of Leishmania tropica, with significant mortality rates of 94.23 ± 1.10 and 92.27 ± 1.20% at 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. Biocompatibility studies revealed the biosafe nature of Ni-NPs by showing RBC hemolysis up to 1.53 ± 0.81% at 400 µg/mL, which is considered safe according to the American Society for Materials and Testing (ASTM). Furthermore, Ni-NPs showed antidiabetic activity by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes at an inhibition rate of 22.70 ± 0.16% and 31.23 ± 0.64% at 200 µg/mL, respectively. Ni-NPs have shown significant cytotoxic activity by inhibiting MCF-7 cancerous cells up to 68.82 ± 1.82% at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. The IC50 for Ni-NPs was almost 190 µg/mL. Ni-NPs also degraded crystal violet dye up to 86.1% at 2 h of exposure.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, Zingiber officinale extract was found successful in producing stable nanoparticles. Ni-NPs have shown substantial biomedical activities, and as a result, we believe these nanoparticles have potential as a powerful therapeutic agent for use in nanomedicine.
Topics: Zingiber officinale; Nickel; Rhizome; Metal Nanoparticles; Hypoglycemic Agents; alpha-Amylases
PubMed: 37789322
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04182-7 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Chalcone (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-one) is an α, β-unsaturated ketone that serves as an active constituent or precursor of numerous natural substances, exhibiting a broad...
Chalcone (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-one) is an α, β-unsaturated ketone that serves as an active constituent or precursor of numerous natural substances, exhibiting a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects. In this study, the classical Claisen-Schmidt condensation method was used to synthesize the chalcone derivative 2',4'-dimethoxychalcone (DTC) and evaluate its pharmacological activity. By upregulating the expression of the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin and downregulating the expression of the mesenchymal cell marker vimentin, DTC was found to inhibit transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in A549 cells, maintaining the cells' epithelial-like morphology and reducing the ability of the cells to migrate. Additionally, DTC demonstrated the ability to decrease the expression levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in RAW264.7 cells, suggesting a possible anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, DTC was found to exhibit bacteriostatic activity against (), (), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and (), indicating that this chemical may possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.
PubMed: 38794223
DOI: 10.3390/ph17050653