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BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Pandemics; International Cooperation; Public Health; Technology; Health Equity
PubMed: 37923325
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p2533 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) May 2024
Topics: Humans; Child; Environmental Exposure; Air Pollution, Indoor; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38702067
DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-077046 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Infant; Measles; Vaccination; Measles Vaccine
PubMed: 38320782
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q259 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; State Medicine; Scotland
PubMed: 38490683
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q602 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2023: This article highlights the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, providing a comprehensive overview of its risk factors and prevalence.... (Review)
Review
: This article highlights the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, providing a comprehensive overview of its risk factors and prevalence. Metabolic syndrome, characterized by a cluster of interconnected risk factors, significantly increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. : This study, conducted over a one-year period, involved 117 patients aged between 30 and 79 years old. Various parameters were analyzed, such as gender, age, education level, provenance from urban or rural environment, smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary aspects, physical activity, and their contribution to the appearance of metabolic syndrome. Central adiposity and high blood pressure emerged as prominent elements of the condition. The findings underscore the importance of a healthy lifestyle in the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome. Encouraging regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced diet, rich in fresh vegetables and fruits, and avoiding harmful behaviors, such as smoking or alcohol consumption, are essential in reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome and its associated cardiovascular complications. : The study highlights the need for public health initiatives, as well as individualized preventive strategies to combat the rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Through promoting awareness of its risk factors and implementing effective interventions, healthcare professionals can contribute to better cardiovascular health worldwide. Further research in this area will continue to enhance our understanding of metabolic syndrome and refine preventive and therapeutic approaches for its management.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Metabolic Syndrome; Prospective Studies; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37893429
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101711 -
Research Square Jul 2023The Encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE) project is a collaborative effort to create a comprehensive catalog of functional elements in the human genome. The current...
The Encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE) project is a collaborative effort to create a comprehensive catalog of functional elements in the human genome. The current database comprises more than 19000 functional genomics experiments across more than 1000 cell lines and tissues using a wide array of experimental techniques to study the chromatin structure, regulatory and transcriptional landscape of the and genomes. All experimental data, metadata, and associated computational analyses created by the ENCODE consortium are submitted to the Data Coordination Center (DCC) for validation, tracking, storage, and distribution to community resources and the scientific community. The ENCODE project has engineered and distributed uniform processing pipelines in order to promote data provenance and reproducibility as well as allow interoperability between genomic resources and other consortia. All data files, reference genome versions, software versions, and parameters used by the pipelines are captured and available the ENCODE Portal. The pipeline code, developed using Docker and Workflow Description Language (WDL; https://openwdl.org/) is publicly available in GitHub, with images available on Dockerhub (https://hub.docker.com), enabling access to a diverse range of biomedical researchers. ENCODE pipelines maintained and used by the DCC can be installed to run on personal computers, local HPC clusters, or in cloud computing environments Cromwell. Access to the pipelines and data the cloud allows small labs the ability to use the data or software without access to institutional compute clusters. Standardization of the computational methodologies for analysis and quality control leads to comparable results from different ENCODE collections - a prerequisite for successful integrative analyses.
PubMed: 37503119
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3111932/v1 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Sex Distribution; United Kingdom
PubMed: 38086551
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p2907 -
NPJ Precision Oncology Aug 2023This study evaluates the quality of published research using artificial intelligence (AI) for ovarian cancer diagnosis or prognosis using histopathology data. A... (Review)
Review
This study evaluates the quality of published research using artificial intelligence (AI) for ovarian cancer diagnosis or prognosis using histopathology data. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and WHO-ICTRP was conducted up to May 19, 2023. Inclusion criteria required that AI was used for prognostic or diagnostic inferences in human ovarian cancer histopathology images. Risk of bias was assessed using PROBAST. Information about each model was tabulated and summary statistics were reported. The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022334730) and PRISMA 2020 reporting guidelines were followed. Searches identified 1573 records, of which 45 were eligible for inclusion. These studies contained 80 models of interest, including 37 diagnostic models, 22 prognostic models, and 21 other diagnostically relevant models. Common tasks included treatment response prediction (11/80), malignancy status classification (10/80), stain quantification (9/80), and histological subtyping (7/80). Models were developed using 1-1375 histopathology slides from 1-776 ovarian cancer patients. A high or unclear risk of bias was found in all studies, most frequently due to limited analysis and incomplete reporting regarding participant recruitment. Limited research has been conducted on the application of AI to histopathology images for diagnostic or prognostic purposes in ovarian cancer, and none of the models have been demonstrated to be ready for real-world implementation. Key aspects to accelerate clinical translation include transparent and comprehensive reporting of data provenance and modelling approaches, and improved quantitative evaluation using cross-validation and external validations. This work was funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.
PubMed: 37653025
DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00432-6 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) May 2024
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; England; Community Pharmacy Services; Early Detection of Cancer; Pharmacies
PubMed: 38740425
DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-077087 -
Cell Reports Sep 2023In ribosome-associated quality control (RQC), nascent polypeptides produced by interrupted translation are modified with C-terminal polyalanine tails ("Ala-tails") that...
In ribosome-associated quality control (RQC), nascent polypeptides produced by interrupted translation are modified with C-terminal polyalanine tails ("Ala-tails") that function outside ribosomes to induce ubiquitylation by E3 ligases Pirh2 (p53-induced RING-H2 domain-containing) or CRL2 (Cullin-2 RING ligase2)-KLHDC10. Here, we investigate the molecular basis of Ala-tail function using biochemical and in silico approaches. We show that Pirh2 and KLHDC10 directly bind to Ala-tails and that structural predictions identify candidate Ala-tail-binding sites, which we experimentally validate. The degron-binding pockets and specific pocket residues implicated in Ala-tail recognition are conserved among Pirh2 and KLHDC10 homologs, suggesting that an important function of these ligases across eukaryotes is in targeting Ala-tailed substrates. Moreover, we establish that the two Ala-tail-binding pockets have convergently evolved, either from an ancient module of bacterial provenance (Pirh2) or via tinkering of a widespread C-degron-recognition element (KLHDC10). These results shed light on the recognition of a simple degron sequence and the evolution of Ala-tail proteolytic signaling.
Topics: Humans; Alanine; Binding Sites; Proteolysis; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Ubiquitination; Carrier Proteins
PubMed: 37676773
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113100