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Experimental & Applied Acarology Apr 2024Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) has been reported as one of the major sources of indoor allergens that trigger allergic disease in humans. In this study,...
Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) has been reported as one of the major sources of indoor allergens that trigger allergic disease in humans. In this study, the genetic diversity and differentiation of nine geographic populations of D. farinae were investigated by analyzing mitochondrial and nuclear genes (COI, Cytb, COI+Cytb, and ITS). The results showed high genetic diversity across the D. farinae populations. The BX (Benxi) population showed the lowest genetic diversity, possibly due to climatic causes. Significant genetic differentiation was observed among D. farinae populations based on mitochondrial genes. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results elucidated that the contribution to the rate of variation was primarily from among populations. Phylogenetic analysis and haplotype network based on mitochondrial genes both indicated significant geographic structure among D. farinae populations. The nine geographic populations of D. farinae were divided into two groups with the Qinling Mountains-Huai River Line serving as the boundary for spatial analysis of molecular variance analysis (SAMOVA). However, the Mantel test analysis showed no association between genetic differentiation and geographic distance because of the high level of gene flow among some populations through the transportation of stored food. Overall, these results indicate both significant genetic differentiation among D. farinae populations, but also significant gene exchange between them. Results from the analysis of the nuclear gene ITS differed from the mitochondrial genes due to differences in molecular markers between mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes. These observations improve our understanding of the genetic diversity and structure of D. farinae populations.
Topics: Animals; Genetic Variation; Dermatophagoides farinae; Phylogeny; China; Haplotypes; Arthropod Proteins; Phylogeography
PubMed: 38433162
DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00889-x -
Acta Oto-laryngologica Oct 2023Intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) is a promising alternative for the treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis, providing similar therapeutic efficacy to...
BACKGROUND
Intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) is a promising alternative for the treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis, providing similar therapeutic efficacy to conventional allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). However, the allergic mechanism of ILIT is not completely known.
AIM
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of ILIT in a house dust mite (HDM) mouse model of allergic rhinitis.
METHODS
BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: G1, control without allergy; G2, allergy sensitized with HDM; G3, allergy with ILIT (starting with HDM 1.25 μg/mL); and G4, allergy with ILIT (starting with HDM 2.5 μg/mL). After the murine model of allergic rhinitis with HDM was established, mice were administered an intralymphatic injection through the inguinal lymph nodes with HDM.
RESULTS
ILIT decreased serum total IgE level and eosinophil infiltration in the nasal mucosa. ILIT also decreased the expression levels of IL-13, IL-25, IL-33, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-17, and increased the expression of FoxP3(+) T reg cells.
CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE
Our results suggest that ILIT regulates the specific immunotherapy immunologic mechanism by downregulating Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines and upregulating FoxP3(+) T reg cells in the HDM allergic mouse model.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Pyroglyphidae; Disease Models, Animal; Rhinitis, Allergic; Desensitization, Immunologic; Allergens; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Antigens, Dermatophagoides
PubMed: 38059621
DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2023.2273405 -
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi [Chinese... Jan 2024Dust mites are one of the most important allergens, widely distributed around the world, especially in household environments. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus,...
Dust mites are one of the most important allergens, widely distributed around the world, especially in household environments. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis are the most common species of dust mites. There are more than 35 known sensitization components of dust mites, among which Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 23 are the major components. Clinically, allergen skin test and serum specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) detection are widely used in the preliminary diagnosis of dust mite allergy. However, these methods cannot accurately identify specific dust mite sensitization components. Considering that there are significant differences in the allergenic components of dust mites in different regions and populations, component-resolved diagnosis of dust mite is particularly important in accurately determining the allergenic components. This is not only of guiding significance for allergen avoidance, but also important for determining the immunotherapy regimen for dust mites. In order to strengthen the understanding of the molecular diagnosis of dust mites and promote the integration of allergy science in China with the international standards, this article interprets the "Allergy Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0" published recently by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Dust; Dust Mite Allergy; Pathology, Molecular; Antigens, Dermatophagoides; Allergens; Hypersensitivity; Pyroglyphidae
PubMed: 38228563
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20231129-00384 -
Neuroscience Sep 2023There is a growing interest for studying the impact of chronic inflammation, particularly lung inflammation, on the brain and behavior. This includes asthma, a chronic...
There is a growing interest for studying the impact of chronic inflammation, particularly lung inflammation, on the brain and behavior. This includes asthma, a chronic inflammatory condition, that has been associated with psychiatric conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although asthma is driven by elevated production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13), which drive asthma symptomology, recent work demonstrates that concomitant Th1 or Th17 cytokine production can worsen asthma severity. We previously demonstrated a detrimental link between PTSD-relevant fear behavior and allergen-induced lung inflammation associated with a mixed Th2/Th17-inflammatory profile in mice. However, the behavioral effects of Th2-skewed airway inflammation, typical to mild/moderate asthma, are unknown. Therefore, we investigated fear conditioning/extinction in allergen house dust mite (HDM)-exposed C57Bl/6 mice, a model of Th2-skewed allergic asthma. Behaviors relevant to panic, anxiety, and depression were also assessed. Furthermore, we investigated the accumulation of Th2/Th17-cytokine-expressing cells in lung and brain, and the neuronal activation marker, ΔFosB, in fear regulatory brain areas. HDM-exposed mice elicited lower freezing during fear extinction with no effects on acquisition and conditioned fear. No HDM effect on panic, anxiety or depression-relevant behaviors was observed. While HDM evoked a Th2-skewed immune response in lung tissue, no significant alterations in brain Th cell subsets were observed. Significantly reduced ΔFosB+ cells in the basolateral amygdala of HDM mice were observed post extinction. Our data indicate that allergen-driven Th2-skewed responses may induce fear extinction promoting effects, highlighting beneficial interactions of Th2-associated immune mediators with fear regulatory circuits.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Pyroglyphidae; Extinction, Psychological; Fear; Asthma; Cytokines; Inflammation; Allergens; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 37516435
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.07.022 -
Soins. Pediatrie, Puericulture 2024The Angele project (for Allergies complexes: prise en charge globale, diététique et environnementale) is an article 51 experiment in shared care pathways in...
The Angele project (for Allergies complexes: prise en charge globale, diététique et environnementale) is an article 51 experiment in shared care pathways in allergology. These care paths, dedicated to patients with allergies to house dust mites and/or food, involve collaboration between doctors and paramedics. The aim of this initiative is to optimize patient care by structuring their care pathways. This article presents these pathways and the preliminary results of the experiment.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Allergens; Pyroglyphidae; Patient Care Planning
PubMed: 38553111
DOI: 10.1016/j.spp.2024.02.007 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024The house dust mite (HDM) is widely recognized as the most prevalent allergen in allergic diseases. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) has been successfully...
BACKGROUND
The house dust mite (HDM) is widely recognized as the most prevalent allergen in allergic diseases. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) has been successfully implemented in clinical treatment for HDM. Hypoallergenic B-cell epitope-based vaccine designed by artificial intelligence (AI) represents a significant progression of recombinant hypoallergenic allergen derivatives.
METHOD
The three-dimensional protein structure of Der f 36 was constructed using Alphafold2. AI-based tools were employed to predict B-cell epitopes, which were subsequently verified through IgE-reaction testing. Hypoallergenic Der f 36 was then synthesized, expressed, and purified. The reduced allergenicity was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting, and basophil activation test. T-cell response to hypoallergenic Der f 36 and Der f 36 was evaluated based on cytokine expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients. The immunogenicity was evaluated and compared through rabbit immunization with hypoallergenic Der f 36 and Der f 36, respectively. The inhibitory effect of the blocking IgG antibody on the specific IgE-binding activity and basophil activation of Der f 36 allergen was also examined.
RESULTS
The final selected non-allergic B-cell epitopes were 25-48, 57-67, 107-112, 142-151, and 176-184. Hypoallergenic Der f 36 showed significant reduction in IgE-binding activity. The competitive inhibition of IgE-binding to Der f 36 was investigated using the hypoallergenic Der f 36, and only 20% inhibition could be achieved, which is greatly reduced when compared with inhibition by Der f 36 (98%). The hypoallergenic Der f 36 exhibited a low basophil-stimulating ratio similar to that of the negative control, and it could induce an increasing level of IFN-γ but not Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 in PBMCs. The vaccine-specific rabbit blocking IgG antibodies could inhibit the patients' IgE binding and basophil stimulation activity of Derf 36.
CONCLUSION
This study represents the first application of an AI strategy to facilitate the development of a B-cell epitope-based hypoallergenic Der f 36 vaccine, which may become a promising immunotherapy for HDM-allergic patients due to its reduced allergenicity and its high immunogenicity in inducing blocking of IgG.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Rabbits; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Artificial Intelligence; Immunoglobulin E; Arthropod Proteins; Vaccines; Hypersensitivity; Allergens; Pyroglyphidae; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; Cytokines; Immunoglobulin G
PubMed: 38601166
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1325998 -
Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za... May 2024To investigate the activity of extracts against dust mites, and to isolate and characterize active ingredient of extracts.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the activity of extracts against dust mites, and to isolate and characterize active ingredient of extracts.
METHODS
The essential oil components were extracted from rhizome powder by rotary evaporation with methanol as solvents, followed by petroleum ether extraction and rotary evaporation. The essential oil was mixed with Tween-80 at a ratio of 1:1 and diluted into concentrations of 1.000 00%, 0.500 00%, 0.250 00%, 0.125 00%, 0.062 50% and 0.031 25%, while diluted Tween-80 served as controls. essential oil at each concentration (200 μL) was transferred evenly to filter papers containing 100 adult mites, with each test repeated in triplicate, and controls were assigned for each concentration. Following treatment at 25 °C and 75% relative humidity for 24 h, the mean corrected mortality of mites was calculated. The essential oil components were separated by silica gel column chromatography, and the essential oil was prepared in the positive column of medium pressure; and then, each component was collected. Silica gel column chromatography was run with the mobile phase that consisted of petroleum ether solution containing 10% ethyl acetate and pure ethyl acetate, detection wavelength of 254 nm, positive silica gel column as the chromatography column, and room temperature as the column temperature. Each component of the purified essential oil was diluted into 1.000 00% for acaricidal tests. The components with less than 100% acaricidal activity were discarded, and the remaining components were diluted into 50% of the previous-round tests for subsequent acaricidal tests. The components with acaricidal activity were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and pulsed-Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The structure of active monomer compounds was determined by standard spectral library retrieval and literature review.
RESULTS
essential oil at concentrations of 1.000 00%, 0.500 00%, 0.250 00% and 0.125 00% killed all dust mites, and the corrected mortality was all 100%. Exposure to extracts at an effective concentration of 0.062 50% for 24 hours resulted in 94.33% mortality of dust mites. Six components (A to F) were separated using gel column chromatography, and components D and E both showed a 100% acaricidal activity against dust mites at a concentration of 0.50000%. In addition, Component D was identified as isoeugenol methyl ether, and Component E as β-asarinol.
CONCLUSIONS
The extract of essential oil has acaricidal activity, and the isoeugenol methyl ether shows a remarkable acaricidal activity against dust mites.
Topics: Animals; Plant Extracts; Acorus; Pyroglyphidae; Oils, Volatile; Acaricides
PubMed: 38857963
DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2023034 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) is a negative regulator of the pro-inflammatory response to viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV). Genetic variation of Tollip has...
Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) is a negative regulator of the pro-inflammatory response to viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV). Genetic variation of Tollip has been associated with reduced airway epithelial Tollip expression and poor lung function in patients with asthma. Whether Tollip deficiency exaggerates type 2 inflammation (e.g., eosinophils) and viral infection in asthma remains unclear. We sought to address this critical, but unanswered question by using a Tollip deficient mouse asthma model with IAV infection. Further, we determined the underlying mechanisms by focusing on the role of the ATP/IL-33 signaling axis. Wild-type and Tollip KO mice were intranasally exposed to house dust mite (HDM) and IAV with or without inhibitors for IL-33 (i.e., soluble ST2, an IL-33 decoy receptor) and ATP signaling (i.e., an antagonist of the ATP receptor P2Y13). Tollip deficiency amplified airway type 2 inflammation (eosinophils, IL-5, IL-13 and mucins), and the release of ATP and IL-33. Blocking ATP receptor P2Y13 decreased IL-33 release during IAV infection in HDM-challenged Tollip KO mice. Furthermore, soluble ST2 attenuated airway eosinophilic inflammation in Tollip KO mice treated with HDM and IAV. HDM challenges decreased lung viral load in wild-type mice, but Tollip deficiency reduced the protective effects of HDM challenges on viral load. Our data suggests that during IAV infection, Tollip deficiency amplified type 2 inflammation and delayed viral clearance, in part by promoting ATP signaling and subsequent IL-33 release. Our findings may provide several therapeutic targets, including ATP and IL-33 signaling inhibition for attenuating excessive airway type 2 inflammation in human subjects with Tollip deficiency and IAV infection.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; Allergens; Interleukin-33; Asthma; Inflammation; Pyroglyphidae; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; Receptors, Purinergic P2; Adenosine Triphosphate; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
PubMed: 38124753
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1304758 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Severe equine asthma (SEA) is a common, chronic respiratory disease of horses characterized by hyperreactivity to hay dust which has many similarities to severe...
INTRODUCTION
Severe equine asthma (SEA) is a common, chronic respiratory disease of horses characterized by hyperreactivity to hay dust which has many similarities to severe neutrophilic asthma in humans. SEA-provoking antigens have not been comprehensively characterized, but molds and mites have been suggested as relevant sources. Here, we identified relevant antigen candidates using immunoproteomics with IgG isotype-binding analyses.
METHODS
Proteins from () were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting (2D immunoblots) resulting in a characteristic pattern of 440 spots. After serum incubation, antibody (Ig)-binding of all Ig (Pan-Ig) and IgG isotypes (type-2-associated IgG3/5, type-1-associated IgG4/7) was quantified per each spot and compared between asthmatic and healthy horses' sera (n=5 per group).
RESULTS
Ig binding differences were detected in 30 spots. Pan-Ig binding was higher with asthmatics compared to healthy horses' sera on four spots, and IgG3/5 binding was higher on 18 spots. Small IgG4/7 binding differences were detected on 10 spots with higher binding with asthmatics' sera on four but higher binding with healthy horses' sera on six spots. Proteins from the spots with group differences including mite and yeast proteins were identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The latter likely originated from the feeding substrate of the culture. Prioritized antigen candidates amongst the proteins identified were Der p 1, Der p 11, group 15 allergens, myosin heavy chain, and uncharacterized proteins. Additionally, yeast enolases, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and heat shock proteins were prioritized. Eleven antigen candidates were tested for confirmation by ELISAs using the respective proteins separately. Differences in asthmatics vs. healthy horses' serum Ig binding to Der p 1, Der p 18, and three yeast enzymes (enolase, ADH, and PGK) confirmed these as promising antigens of immune responses in SEA.
DISCUSSION
Antigens with relevance in SEA were newly identified by immunoproteomics, and yeast antigens were considered for SEA for the first time. Serum IgG3/5 binding to relevant antigens was increased in SEA and is a novel feature that points to increased type-2 responses in SEA but requires confirmation of the corresponding cellular responses.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Horses; Immunoglobulin G; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Immunoglobulin E; Antigens, Dermatophagoides; Asthma; Allergens; Fungal Proteins; Pyroglyphidae
PubMed: 38162673
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1293684 -
Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke... Sep 2023To investigate the efficacy and safety of a novel dose adjustment schedule based on subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) after a 16 weeks delayed injection during the...
To investigate the efficacy and safety of a novel dose adjustment schedule based on subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) after a 16 weeks delayed injection during the maintenance period. Sixty-eight patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) who received dust mite cluster SCIT and had interrupted treatment for more than 16 weeks during the maintenance period were recruited at Beijing TongRen Hospital, from July to September 2020. They were randomly divided into the novel schedule group (=34) and the guideline recommended schedule group (=34). In addition, 34 patients who received dust mite SCIT at the same period were selected as the continuous treatment group (=34). When receiving treatment again after delayed injection, the novel schedule group was injected directly with the initial dose of maintenance period (10 000 SQ), and the guideline recommended schedule group started the dosage accumulation again from the lowest dose (10 SQ), while the continuous treatment group was injected according to the original schedule. Changes in the combined symptom and medication score (CSMS) from baseline after 3 years of SCIT were used as the primary efficacy evaluation index. Local and systemic adverse events were recorded to evaluate safety. SPSS 23.0 was used for statistical analysis. At the end of 3 years, CSMS in all three groups decreased significantly from baseline, and there was no significant difference in the 3-year change value of CSMS from baseline between the novel schedule group and the guideline recommended schedule group (-1.0±0.3 -1.3±0.4, =0.655). There was also no significant difference in the change of CSMS between the two dose-adjusted groups and the continuous treatment groups (-0.8±0.3 -1.3±0.3, =0.156). No systemic adverse events occurred between the novel schedule group and the guideline recommended schedule group after restarting treatment, and there was no significant difference in frequency of adverse events (0.5% 0.5%, =0.698). There is no significant difference in efficacy and safety between the novel dose adjustment schedule and the recommended dose adjustment schedule when SCIT interrupted injection for more than 16 weeks. Furthermore, SCIT discontinuation of injection for more than 16 weeks doesn't significantly impact on 3-year efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Desensitization, Immunologic; Rhinitis, Allergic; Injections; Pyroglyphidae; Allergens
PubMed: 37675524
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20230317-00124