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Radiation Research Jul 2023The discovery of X rays in the late 19th century heralded the beginning of a new age in medicine, and the advent of channeling the power of radiation to diagnose and... (Review)
Review
The discovery of X rays in the late 19th century heralded the beginning of a new age in medicine, and the advent of channeling the power of radiation to diagnose and treat human disease. Radiation has been leveraged in medicine in a multitude of ways and is a critical element of cancer care including screening, diagnosis, surveillance, and interventional treatments. Modern radiotherapy techniques include a multitude of methodologies utilizing both externally and internally delivered radiation from a variety of approaches. This review provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary radiotherapy methodologies, the field of radiopharmaceuticals and theranostics, effects of low dose radiation and highlights the phenomena of fear of exposure to radiation and its impact in modern medicine.
Topics: Humans; Radiation Oncology; X-Rays; Radiography; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 37141143
DOI: 10.1667/RADE-23-00031.1 -
ACS Nano Aug 2023Light has profoundly impacted modern medicine and healthcare, with numerous luminescent agents and imaging techniques currently being used to assess health and treat... (Review)
Review
Light has profoundly impacted modern medicine and healthcare, with numerous luminescent agents and imaging techniques currently being used to assess health and treat diseases. As an emerging concept in luminescence, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has shown great potential in biological applications due to its advantages in terms of brightness, biocompatibility, photostability, and positive correlation with concentration. This review provides a comprehensive summary of AIE luminogens applied in imaging of biological structure and dynamic physiological processes, disease diagnosis and treatment, and detection and monitoring of specific analytes, followed by representative works. Discussions on critical issues and perspectives on future directions are also included. This review aims to stimulate the interest of researchers from different fields, including chemistry, biology, materials science, medicine, etc., thus promoting the development of AIE in the fields of life and health.
Topics: Fluorescent Dyes; Luminescent Agents; Luminescence; Diagnostic Imaging; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 37486125
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03925 -
Chemical Reviews Aug 2023Endogenous photosensitizers play a critical role in both beneficial and harmful light-induced transformations in biological systems. Understanding their mode of action... (Review)
Review
Endogenous photosensitizers play a critical role in both beneficial and harmful light-induced transformations in biological systems. Understanding their mode of action is essential for advancing fields such as photomedicine, photoredox catalysis, environmental science, and the development of sun care products. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of endogenous photosensitizers in human skin, investigating the connections between their electronic excitation and the subsequent activation or damage of organic biomolecules. We gather the physicochemical and photochemical properties of key endogenous photosensitizers and examine the relationships between their chemical reactivity, location within the skin, and the primary biochemical events following solar radiation exposure, along with their influence on skin physiology and pathology. An important take-home message of this review is that photosensitization allows visible light and UV-A radiation to have large effects on skin. The analysis presented here unveils potential causes for the continuous increase in global skin cancer cases and emphasizes the limitations of current sun protection approaches.
Topics: Humans; Photosensitizing Agents; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Ultraviolet Rays; Light
PubMed: 37459506
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00787 -
Reports on Progress in Physics.... May 2024Infrared (IR) neuromodulation (INM) is an emerging light-based neuromodulation approach that can reversibly control neuronal and muscular activities through the... (Review)
Review
Infrared (IR) neuromodulation (INM) is an emerging light-based neuromodulation approach that can reversibly control neuronal and muscular activities through the transient and localized deposition of pulsed IR light without requiring any chemical or genetic pre-treatment of the target cells. Though the efficacy and short-term safety of INM have been widely demonstrated in both peripheral and central nervous systems, the investigations of the detailed cellular and biological processes and the underlying biophysical mechanisms are still ongoing. In this review, we discuss the current research progress in the INM field with a focus on the more recently discovered IR nerve inhibition. Major biophysical mechanisms associated with IR nerve stimulation are summarized. As the INM effects are primarily attributed to the spatiotemporal thermal transients induced by water and tissue absorption of pulsed IR light, temperature monitoring techniques and simulation models adopted in INM studies are discussed. Potential translational applications, current limitations, and challenges of the field are elucidated to provide guidance for future INM research and advancement.
Topics: Infrared Rays; Animals; Humans
PubMed: 38701769
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad4729 -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Jul 2023Organic afterglow nanoparticles are unique optical materials that emit light long after cessation of excitation. Due to their advantages of no need for real-time light... (Review)
Review
Organic afterglow nanoparticles are unique optical materials that emit light long after cessation of excitation. Due to their advantages of no need for real-time light excitation, avoiding autofluorescence, low imaging background, high signal-to-background ratio, deep tissue penetration, and high sensitivity, afterglow imaging technology has been widely used in cell tracking, biosensing, cancer diagnosis, and cancer therapy, which provides an effective technical method for the acquisition of molecular information with high sensitivity, specificity and real-time at the cellular and living level. In this review, we summarize and illustrate the recent progress of organic afterglow imaging, focusing on the mechanism of organic afterglow materials and their biological application. Furthermore, we also discuss the potential challenges and the further directions of this field.
Topics: Humans; Nanoparticles; Diagnostic Imaging; Neoplasms; Luminescence
PubMed: 37222343
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301209 -
Experimental Dermatology Jan 2024Skin is the ultimate barrier between body and environment and prevents water loss and penetration of pathogens and toxins. Internal and external stressors, such as... (Review)
Review
Skin is the ultimate barrier between body and environment and prevents water loss and penetration of pathogens and toxins. Internal and external stressors, such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), can damage skin integrity and lead to disorders. Therefore, skin health and skin ageing are important concerns and increased research from cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors aims to improve skin conditions and provide new anti-ageing treatments. Biomolecules, compared to low molecular weight drugs and cosmetic ingredients, can offer high levels of specificity. Topically applied enzymes have been investigated to treat the adverse effects of sunlight, pollution and other external agents. Enzymes, with a diverse range of targets, present potential for dermatological use such as antioxidant enzymes, proteases and repairing enzymes. In this review, we discuss enzymes for dermatological applications and the challenges associated in this growing field.
Topics: Humans; Ultraviolet Rays; Skin; Skin Diseases; Sunlight; Cosmetics
PubMed: 38284197
DOI: 10.1111/exd.15008 -
Nanoscale Jun 2023The endeavor to selectively fabricate a cubic diamond is challenging due to the formation of competing phases such as its hexagonal polymorph or others possessing...
The endeavor to selectively fabricate a cubic diamond is challenging due to the formation of competing phases such as its hexagonal polymorph or others possessing similar free energy. The necessity to achieve this is of paramount importance since the cubic diamond is the only polymorph exhibiting a complete photonic bandgap, making it a promising candidate in view of photonic applications. Herein, we demonstrate that due to the presence of an external field and delicate manipulation of its strength we can attain selectivity in the formation of a cubic diamond in a one-component system comprised of designer tetrahedral patchy particles. The driving force of such a phenomenon is the structure of the first adlayer which is commensurate with the (110) face of the cubic diamond. Moreover, after a successful nucleation event, once the external field is turned off, the structure remains stable, paving an avenue for further post-synthetic treatment.
Topics: Diamond; Photons
PubMed: 37310349
DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01771k -
Luminescence : the Journal of... Jul 2023Due to their capacity to immobilize more bioreceptor parts at reduced volumes, nanomaterials have emerged as potential tools for increasing the sensitivity to specific... (Review)
Review
Due to their capacity to immobilize more bioreceptor parts at reduced volumes, nanomaterials have emerged as potential tools for increasing the sensitivity to specific molecules. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, semiconductor quantum dots, nanodiamonds, and graphene are among the nanomaterials that are under investigation. Due to the fast development of this field of research, this review summarizes the classification of biosensors using the main receptors and design of biosensors. Numerous studies have concentrated on the manipulation of persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) in biosensing, cell tracking, bioimaging, and cancer therapy due to the effective removal of autofluorescence interference from tissues and the ultra-long near-infrared afterglow emission. As luminescence has a unique optical property, it can be detected without constant external illumination, preventing autofluorescence and light dispersion through tissues. These successes have sparked an increasing interest in creating novel PLNP types with the desired superior properties and multiple applications. In this review, we emphasize the most recent developments in biosensing, imaging, and image-guided therapy whilst summarizing the research on synthesis methods, bioapplications, biomembrane modification, and the biosafety of PLNPs. Finally, the remaining issues and difficulties are examined together with prospective future developments in the biomedical application field.
Topics: Luminescence; Nanotubes, Carbon; Gold; Metal Nanoparticles; Nanostructures; Nanoparticles; Biosensing Techniques
PubMed: 36042553
DOI: 10.1002/bio.4373 -
Investigative Radiology Jul 2023Photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) is an emerging technology and promises the next step in CT evolution. Photon-counting detectors count the number of... (Review)
Review
Photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) is an emerging technology and promises the next step in CT evolution. Photon-counting detectors count the number of individual incoming photons and assess the energy level of each of them. These mechanisms differ substantially from conventional energy-integrating detectors. The new technique has several advantages, including lower radiation exposure, higher spatial resolution, reconstruction of images with less beam-hardening artifacts, and advanced opportunities for spectral imaging. Research PCD-CT systems have already demonstrated promising results, and recently, the first whole-body full field-of-view PCD-CT scanners became clinically available. Based on published studies of preclinical systems and the first experience with clinically approved scanners, the performance can be translated to valuable neuroimaging applications, including brain imaging, intracranial and extracranial CT angiographies, or head and neck imaging with detailed assessment of the temporal bone. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current status in neuroimaging with upcoming and potential clinical applications.
Topics: Phantoms, Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Computed Tomography Angiography; Neuroimaging; Temporal Bone; Photons
PubMed: 37158466
DOI: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000984 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Photobiology is a challenging research area that aims to explore the interactions between light and living organisms and their biological consequences, with applications...
Photobiology is a challenging research area that aims to explore the interactions between light and living organisms and their biological consequences, with applications in the fields of photomedicine, photo(nano)technology, photosynthesis, and photosensory biology [...].
Topics: Photobiology; Photosynthesis; Light
PubMed: 38542185
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063209