-
Neuropsychologia Jul 2023Inspired by the pioneering work of Eran Zaidel beginning in the early 1970's on the role of the two cerebral hemispheres of the human brain in self-related cognition, we... (Review)
Review
Inspired by the pioneering work of Eran Zaidel beginning in the early 1970's on the role of the two cerebral hemispheres of the human brain in self-related cognition, we review research on self-face recognition from a laterality perspective. The self-face is an important proxy of the self, and self-face recognition has been used as an indicator of self-awareness more broadly. Over the last half century, behavioral and neurological data, along with over two decades of neuroimaging research evidence have accumulated on this topic, generally concluding a right-hemisphere dominance for self-face recognition. In this review, we briefly revisit the pioneering roots of this work by Sperry, Zaidel & Zaidel, and focus on the important body of neuroimaging literature on self-face recognition it has inspired. We conclude with a brief discussion of current models of self-related processing and future directions for research in this area.
Topics: Humans; Facial Recognition; Functional Laterality; Brain; Brain Mapping; Cerebrum; Pattern Recognition, Visual
PubMed: 37236528
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108586 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Nov 2023Rehabilitation Medicine and Palliative medicine have much in common as both specialties deal with loss and impending loss related to incurable medical conditions....
Rehabilitation Medicine and Palliative medicine have much in common as both specialties deal with loss and impending loss related to incurable medical conditions. Significant losses are encountered by patients in both rehabilitation and palliative care settings, and often threaten quality of life, hopefulness, and resiliency. The losses are related to what the patient has identified as self. In this article the author suggests a way of approaching loss and suffering that incorporates, mindfulness, Disidentification and Ego-State work to help preserve a sense of self that is not identified with what is happening to the body.
PubMed: 37910390
DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2023.2249058 -
Psychological Review Oct 2023Self-control describes the processes by which individuals control their habits, desires, and impulses in the service of long-term goals. Research has identified...
Self-control describes the processes by which individuals control their habits, desires, and impulses in the service of long-term goals. Research has identified important components of self-control and proposed theoretical frameworks integrating these components (e.g., Inzlicht et al., 2021; Kotabe & Hofmann, 2015). In our perspective, these frameworks, however, do not yet fully incorporate important aspects of self-control. We therefore introduce a framework explicating the role of metacognition for self-control. This framework extends existing frameworks, primarily from the domains of self-regulated learning and problem-solving (e.g., Schraw & Moshman, 1995; Zimmerman, 2000), and integrates past and contemporary research and theorizing on self-control that involves aspects of metacognition. It considers two groups of metacognitive components, namely, (a) , that is a person's declarative, procedural, and conditional metacognitive knowledge about self-control, as well as their self-awareness (or metacognitive awareness), and (b) that unfold before a self-control conflict (forethought and prevention), when a self-control conflict is identified, during a self-control conflict (regulation and monitoring), and after a self-control conflict (reflection and evaluation). The proposed framework integrates existing research and will be useful for highlighting new directions for research on the role of metacognition for self-control success and failure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
PubMed: 36521121
DOI: 10.1037/rev0000406 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Oct 2023Depression is one of the most concerning mental disorders in youth. Because atypical excessive neural activity during self-referential processing is often implicated in...
BACKGROUND
Depression is one of the most concerning mental disorders in youth. Because atypical excessive neural activity during self-referential processing is often implicated in depression, identifying psychological factors that link to lower depression and less excessive neural activity during self-referential processing is critical for treatment development. This study examined the relationship between self-compassion - a protective factor of youth depression - and neural activity during self-appraisals, a well-established experimental paradigm for studying self-referential processing, and their associations with depression severity in depressed and healthy youth.
METHODS
The sample consisted of 115 youth (79 met the clinical diagnosis of depression; 36 were matched healthy controls) aged from 11 to 17 years (68 females). Self-compassion and depression severity were measured with self-reported scales. In the scanner, participants were asked to judge whether the phrases they heard described them from four perspectives (self, mother, classmate, and best friend).
RESULTS
Higher self-compassion was associated with lower PCC/precuneus activity especially during negatively-valenced self-appraisals and explained its association with reduced depression severity. In depressed youth, higher self-compassion was associated with lower superior temporal gyrus/operculum/postcentral gyrus/insula activity especially during positively-valenced self-appraisals. In healthy youth, higher self-compassion was associated with higher activity in these regions.
CONCLUSIONS
Self-compassion was associated with less excessive experiential immersion and/or autobiographical memory retrieval during negative self-appraisals. Neural stimulation interventions targeting PCC/precuneus activity during negative self-appraisals combined with behavioral interventions targeting self-compassion could be a promising approach to youth depression treatment.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adolescent; Self-Compassion; Diagnostic Self Evaluation; Mothers; Parietal Lobe; Self Report; Depression; Empathy
PubMed: 37437742
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.012 -
Journal of Personality Sep 2023Negative events tend to reduce self-concept clarity, which could hinder self-change. Three studies (total n = 1603) including two preregistered tested whether...
OBJECTIVE
Negative events tend to reduce self-concept clarity, which could hinder self-change. Three studies (total n = 1603) including two preregistered tested whether inducing self-compassion in response to negative events promotes self-concept clarity and self-change.
METHODS
Participants engaged in either a self-compassionate or a control writing task regarding negative events. They responded to the scales of self-concept clarity and self-change before and after the manipulation. Self-change was assessed using two indicators: self-improvement regarding the negative aspects of the self (i.e., negativity transformation, Studies 1-3) and openness to self-change (Studies 2 and 3). In Study 3, self-esteem and affect were assessed to test alternative processes.
RESULTS
Across the studies, participants induced to be self-compassionate reported higher levels of self-concept clarity, negativity transformation (except in Study 1), and openness to self-change. Studies 2 and 3 found that self-concept clarity mediated the effect of self-compassion on openness to self-change. Study 3 indicated that this indirect effect remained significant, while the indirect effect of self-compassion on negativity transformation was nonsignificant when self-esteem and affect were considered.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, boosting self-compassion in response to negative events could help people retain self-concept clarity and, thus, be open to self-change. Self-compassion could also orient people to engage in negativity transformation.
PubMed: 37681289
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12885 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials Oct 2023Conjugated polymers are enabling the development of flexible bioelectronics, largely driven by their organic nature which facilitates modification and tuning to suit a... (Review)
Review
Conjugated polymers are enabling the development of flexible bioelectronics, largely driven by their organic nature which facilitates modification and tuning to suit a variety of applications. As organic semiconductors, conjugated polymers require a dopant to exhibit electrical conductivity, which in physiological conditions can result in dopant loss and thereby deterioration in electronic properties. To overcome this challenge, "self-doped" and self-acid-doped conjugated polymers having ionized pendant groups covalently bound to their backbone are being developed. The ionized group in a "self-doped" polymer behaves as the counterion that maintains electroneutrality, while an external dopant is required to induce charge transfer. The ionized group in a self-acid-doped polymer induces charge transfer and behaves as the counterion balancing the charges. Despite their doping processes being different, the two terms, self-doped and self-acid-doped, are often used interchangeably in the literature. Here, the differences are highlighted in the doping mechanisms of self-doped and self-acid-doped polymers, and it is proposed that the term "self-doped" should be replaced by "self-compensated," while reserving the term self-acid-doped for polymers that are intrinsically doped without the need of an external dopant. This is followed by a summary of examples of self-acid-doping in bioelectronics, highlighting their stability in the conductive state under physiological conditions.
PubMed: 37883783
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302354 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023Both self-control and self-authenticity are critical to individuals' mental health and social adjustment, but their relationship has received little attention. Research...
Both self-control and self-authenticity are critical to individuals' mental health and social adjustment, but their relationship has received little attention. Research demonstrates that exerting self-control could help individuals achieve true self and might be promoted by perceiving authenticity. Accordingly, this study utilized a longitudinal design and investigated the temporal relationship between self-control and self-authenticity in a large sample of 2,982 Chinese adolescents ( = 17.53, = 0.84). Correlation analysis showed that participants possessing higher self-control were associated with greater self-authenticity. Cross-lagged path analysis revealed a reciprocal relationship between self-control and self-authenticity over time. Moreover, bivariate latent change score model indicated that self-control predicted an increase in self-authenticity across time, and vice versa. Overall, this study advances our understanding and suggests that restraining temptation and impulse can promote adolescents' authenticity, and that the experience of authenticity, in turn, facilitates their self-regulation.
PubMed: 37546453
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1207230 -
Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation 2024Addictive behavior and suicidal behavior are serious individual- and public-level health concerns. For those struggling with either or both, self-condemnation is a... (Review)
Review
Addictive behavior and suicidal behavior are serious individual- and public-level health concerns. For those struggling with either or both, self-condemnation is a common experience, especially with respect to shame, guilt, and self-stigma. Self-forgiveness, a construct common to both religiousness/spirituality and positive psychology, may be an effective tool in addressing the self-condemnation inherent to those struggling with addictive behavior and suicidal behavior. In this review paper, we discuss (1) the nature and definition of forgiveness, (2) theoretical modeling developed regarding the general association of forgiveness with health, (3) theoretical modeling developed regarding the specific association of forgiveness with better outcomes related to addictive and/or suicidal behavior, (4) the relevance of shame, guilt, and self-stigma to the development and maintenance of addictive and suicidal behavior, and (5) the role of self-forgiveness in addressing self-condemnation, especially shame, guilt, and self-stigma. Little work explicitly focused on the association of self-forgiveness with shame, guilt, and/or self-stigma has been done. However, empirical evidence is accumulating in support of other associations proposed in the Forgiveness-Addiction-Recovery Association (FARA) Model described herein. As such, it is likely that similar support will be found when the focus is deliberately turned to shame, guilt, and self-stigma.
PubMed: 38524663
DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S396964 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Aug 2023Building intimate relationships is rewarding but entails risking rejection. Trait self-esteem-a person's overall self-evaluation-has important implications for how... (Review)
Review
Building intimate relationships is rewarding but entails risking rejection. Trait self-esteem-a person's overall self-evaluation-has important implications for how people behave in socially risky situations. Integrating established models of responsiveness and intimacy with theory and research on self-esteem, we present a model that highlights the ways in which self-esteem impacts intimacy-building. A review of relevant research reveals that compared to people with high self-esteem, people with low self-esteem exhibit interpersonal perceptions and behaviors that can hinder intimacy development-for example, disclosing less openly, and eliciting and perceiving less responsiveness from others. We identify important directions for future research and consider methods for encouraging intimacy-promoting processes among people with low self-esteem.
Topics: Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Disclosure; Self Disclosure; Self Concept; Sexual Partners
PubMed: 37348388
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101596 -
Psychology Research and Behavior... 2023The present review addressed the relationship between two self-related concepts that are assumed to play a role in human resilience and well-being: self-esteem and... (Review)
Review
The present review addressed the relationship between two self-related concepts that are assumed to play a role in human resilience and well-being: self-esteem and self-compassion. Besides a theoretical exploration of both concepts, a meta-analysis ( = 76, N = 35,537 participants) was conducted to examine the magnitude of the relation between self-esteem and self-compassion and their links to indices of well-being and psychological problems. The average correlation between self-esteem and self-compassion was strong ( = 0.65, effect size = 0.71), suggesting that - despite some distinct features - the overlap between both self-related constructs is considerable. Self-esteem and self-compassion displayed relations of a similar magnitude to measures of well-being and psychological problems, and both concepts accounted for unique variance in these measures once controlling for their shared variance. Self-esteem and self-compassion can best be seen as complementary concepts and we invite researchers to look more at their joint protective role within a context of well-being and mental health as well as to their additive value in the treatment of people with psychological problems.
PubMed: 37554304
DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S402455