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Psychological Reports Oct 2023Self-compassion is a healthy conceptualization of the self and has been associated with a myriad of health benefits. There is limited research regarding the influence of...
Self-compassion is a healthy conceptualization of the self and has been associated with a myriad of health benefits. There is limited research regarding the influence of the subcomponents of self-compassion on happiness and vice versa. This study investigated (1) the influence and relative strength of the relationships of the 6 subcomponents of self-compassion onto happiness, (2) the influence and relative strength of the relationships of happiness onto the 6 subcomponents of self-compassion and (3) the bi-directional relationship between total self-compassion variables and happiness across two timepoints. This study followed a pre-post design whereby 33 university students and employees undergoing a physical activity counselling (PAC) program filled out validated online questionnaires before and immediately after individualized sessions. Results revealed that there was a positive bi-directional relationship between self-compassion and happiness over time, with the stronger influence being from happiness to self-compassion. This is likely because happier individuals are kinder to themselves and strongly connected with others. Moreover, results showed that mindfulness was the strongest subcomponent of self-compassion to positively influence happiness, and happiness was the strongest negative predictor of isolation. This has practical implications in that PAC counsellors and other practitioners should try to emphasize mindfulness in their interventions to maximize feelings of happiness, and try to cultivate happiness to reduce feelings of isolation and increase total self-compassion.
Topics: Humans; Happiness; Self-Compassion; Empathy; Emotions; Mindfulness
PubMed: 35426746
DOI: 10.1177/00332941221084902 -
Suicide & Life-threatening Behavior Apr 2024When people feel hopeless, they are more likely to think about suicide. Prior work has shown that both hopelessness and suicidal ideation fluctuate over time; however,...
INTRODUCTION
When people feel hopeless, they are more likely to think about suicide. Prior work has shown that both hopelessness and suicidal ideation fluctuate over time; however, there are likely other contextual factors underlying increased hopelessness and suicidal ideation in moments of time.
METHOD
In two studies using retrospective recall of a real event (Study 1, n = 268) and an experimental imaginal vignette design (Study 2, n = 356), we examined self-criticism and self-efficacy for self-regulation as crucial factors underlying hopelessness in people vulnerable to suicidal ideation.
RESULTS
In both studies, greater state self-criticism and lower state self-efficacy were associated with greater hopelessness. In Study 2, we also measured suicidal ideation, and found that higher self-criticism and lower self-efficacy for self-regulation scores were associated with greater suicidal ideation, even when controlling for negative affect. Evidence of an interaction between self-criticism and self-efficacy was found with scores in Study 2 but not in Study 1; specifically, lower self-efficacy was associated with greater ideation when self-criticism was high but not when self-criticism was low.
CONCLUSION
Overall, results support self-criticism and self-efficacy as important contextual factors underlying hopelessness and suicidal ideation and attending to the potential interactive effect between self-criticism and self-efficacy.
Topics: Humans; Suicidal Ideation; Self-Assessment; Self Efficacy; Retrospective Studies; Suicide; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38112324
DOI: 10.1111/sltb.13034 -
Psychology Research and Behavior... 2023Symptoms of depression increase during adolescence as do nonsuicidal self-injurious behaviors (NSSI). The present study aimed to investigate how self-criticism...
PURPOSE
Symptoms of depression increase during adolescence as do nonsuicidal self-injurious behaviors (NSSI). The present study aimed to investigate how self-criticism interacted with the effects of stressful life events on depressive symptoms and NSSI and whether self-compassion would buffer these negative effects.
METHODS
A total of 908 Chinese adolescents (age = 13.46, = 0.57) completed a cross-sectional survey. The main and interacted effects of stressful life events, self-criticism, self-compassion on depressive symptoms and NSSI were examined respectively.
RESULTS
The results showed that self-criticism significantly moderated the relationships between stressful events and depression and NSSI. Self-compassion could buffer the negative impacts of stressful events and self-criticism on NSSI but not on depression. High self-compassion significantly reduced the magnitude of the association between stressful life events and NSSI in adolescents with low self-criticism but not in those with high self-criticism.
CONCLUSION
Self-criticism exacerbated the negative impacts of stressful life events on both depressive symptoms and NSSI, but self-compassion only buffered the impact of stressful life events on NSSI. Interventions designed to reduce NSSI risk of Chinese adolescents may benefit from training them to improve self-compassion abilities and to be less self-critical.
PubMed: 37588251
DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S417258 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023Although self-bias has been extensively studied and confirmed in various self-related stimuli, it remains controversial whether self-body can induce recognition...
INTRODUCTION
Although self-bias has been extensively studied and confirmed in various self-related stimuli, it remains controversial whether self-body can induce recognition advantage at the explicit level. After careful examination of previous experiments related to self-body processing, we proposed that participant strategies may influence explicit task outcomes.
METHODS
To test our hypothesis, we designed a novel explicit task. For comparison, we also conducted classic explicit and implicit tasks.
RESULTS
With the newly designed explicit task, we found clear and robust evidence of self-hand recognition advantage at the explicit level. Moreover, we found that there was a strong link between self-advantage found in the classic implicit task and the newly designed explicit task, indicating that the self-advantage processing by these two pathways may be linked.
DISCUSSION
These findings provide new insights into the long-standing inconsistencies in previous studies and open a new avenue for studying self-bias using self-body stimuli.
PubMed: 37637928
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1099151 -
Computer Methods and Programs in... Aug 2023Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy represents a promising tool for GI cancer screening. However, the limited field of view and uneven skills of endoscopists make it remains... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy represents a promising tool for GI cancer screening. However, the limited field of view and uneven skills of endoscopists make it remains difficult to accurately identify polyps and follow up on precancerous lesions under endoscopy. Estimating depth from GI endoscopic sequences is essential for a series of AI-assisted surgical techniques. Nonetheless, depth estimation algorithm of GI endoscopy is a challenging task due to the particularity of the environment and the limitation of datasets. In this paper, we propose a self-supervised monocular depth estimation method for GI endoscopy.
METHODS
A depth estimation network and a camera ego-motion estimation network are firstly constructed to obtain the depth information and pose information of the sequence respectively, and then the model is enabled to perform self-supervised training by calculating the multi-scale structural similarity with L1 norm (MS-SSIM+L1) loss function between the target frame and the reconstructed image as part of the loss of the training network. The MS-SSIM+L1 loss function is good for reserving high-frequency information and can maintain the invariance of brightness and color. Our model consists of the U-shape convolutional network with the dual-attention mechanism, which is beneficial to capture muti-scale contextual information, and greatly improves the accuracy of depth estimation. We evaluated our method qualitatively and quantitatively with different state-of-the-art methods.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The experimental results manifest that our method has superior generality, achieving lower error metrics and higher accuracy metrics on both the UCL dataset and the Endoslam dataset. The proposed method has also been validated with clinical GI endoscopy, demonstrating the potential clinical value of the model.
Topics: Humans; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Algorithms; Benchmarking; Motion; Polyps
PubMed: 37235969
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107619 -
Archives of Suicide Research : Official... Oct 2023We aimed to determine the effect of coping self-efficacy on thoughts of self-harm among adolescents attending high school in Hanoi, Vietnam. Longitudinal data were...
We aimed to determine the effect of coping self-efficacy on thoughts of self-harm among adolescents attending high school in Hanoi, Vietnam. Longitudinal data were collected using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised and the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale among 552 Year 10 students. The prevalence of thoughts of death and/or self-injury on at least 1 day in the past week was 16.9% at baseline and 14.5% at 8-month follow-up. When baseline coping self-efficacy was greater by one standard deviation, the odds of having thoughts of self-harm at follow-up were reduced by 42%. Our findings suggest that school-based programs that aim to strengthen coping strategies may be useful in preventing self-harm among adolescents.
PubMed: 37837377
DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2265444 -
Small (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... May 2024The ability to collectively program chiral recognition and the hierarchical self-assembly of molecular and supramolecular building blocks into complex higher-order...
The ability to collectively program chiral recognition and the hierarchical self-assembly of molecular and supramolecular building blocks into complex higher-order superstructures is a significant goal in supramolecular chemistry. Metal-organic cages are excellent model systems to examine chiral self-sorting and build hierarchical self-assembly. Herein, details on how limiting the conformational flexibility and incorporating hydrogen bonding functional groups in the ligands can influence chiral self-sorting and hierarchical self-assembly of metal-organic cages are reported. The urea-functionalized axially chiral bis-pyridyl ligands afford high-fidelity in chiral self-sorting in PdL cages, when they have fewer conformations. Ligand L1, with more conformations, affords mixture of heterochiral and homochiral cages (≈70:30). Among them, the heterochiral cage adopts unusual twisted conformation and self-assembles into 2D sheets, linked by anion coordination between urea and nitrate. Ligand L2, with fewer conformations, affords homochiral cages via high-fidelity chiral self-sorting. The choice of counter anions influences further self-sorting in the solid state: racemate with PF and spontaneously resolves conglomerate with BF . Urea-BF hydrogen bonding directs hierarchical self-assembly of the PdL metal-organic cages into super-cubic networks. The study introduces a new approach in hierarchical self-assembly of metal-organic cages into higher-order networks aided by hydrogen bonding anion coordination with functional ligands.
PubMed: 38708784
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400842 -
Alzheimer's & Dementia : the Journal of... Nov 2023People living with dementia experience poor mental health and high rates of self-harm. We investigated risk factors for self-harm in people aged > 40 years living with...
INTRODUCTION
People living with dementia experience poor mental health and high rates of self-harm. We investigated risk factors for self-harm in people aged > 40 years living with dementia and risk factors for dementia after self-harm.
METHODS
Using linked hospital data from New South Wales, Australia, we defined a dementia cohort (n = 154,811) and a self-harm cohort (n = 28,972). Using survival analyses, we investigated predictors of self-harm for the dementia cohort, and predictors of dementia for the self-harm cohort.
RESULTS
We found self-harm or dementia diagnoses occurred most often within 24 months of a dementia diagnosis or initial self-harm presentation, respectively. Men living with dementia, and people with complex psychiatric profiles, had the greatest risk of self-harm. Men who had self-harmed had the greatest risk of dementia diagnoses.
DISCUSSION
Men and people with complex psychiatric profiles and dementia may particularly benefit from post-diagnosis mental and behavioral support to reduce risk of self-harm.
Topics: Male; Humans; Self-Injurious Behavior; Risk Factors; Australia; Dementia
PubMed: 37126409
DOI: 10.1002/alz.13080 -
Twin Research and Human Genetics : the... Oct 2023Self-perception in early childhood and self-esteem in adulthood are related to a variety of aspects of psychological wellbeing. The goal of the present study was to...
Self-perception in early childhood and self-esteem in adulthood are related to a variety of aspects of psychological wellbeing. The goal of the present study was to examine genetic and familial influences on self-perception and self-esteem in separate samples of children (153 twin pairs of 5-year-olds) and adults (753 twin pairs between the ages of 25-75 years). Genetic common factor modeling showed that three facets of self-perception (physical competence, peer acceptance, and maternal acceptance) loaded onto a single heritable factor in children. Multilevel modeling showed no effects of self or co-twin sex on self-perception, but authoritative parenting style was negatively related to self-perception in boys. Similarly, in Study 2, with the adult sample, five self-esteem items loaded on a single heritable factor with no effects of co-twin sex on adult self-esteem. Remembered maternal affection, paternal affection, and maternal discipline were positively related to self-esteem in adults; maternal affection was especially significant for women. The reversal in direction of parenting effects between early childhood and adulthood suggests that parents may play different roles in shaping how children and adults think of themselves. These results suggest that self-perception in childhood and self-esteem in adulthood are both influenced by genetic and environmental factors and that parenting is an important environmental factor for both children and adults.
PubMed: 37859614
DOI: 10.1017/thg.2023.44 -
Journal of Clinical Nursing Oct 2023This study aimed to investigate the role of the family in supporting diabetes self-management and explore the possible mechanisms between family and diabetes...
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the role of the family in supporting diabetes self-management and explore the possible mechanisms between family and diabetes self-management among rural patients in China.
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing rapidly in rural areas of China, where healthcare resources remain relatively poor and family members play an important role in chronic disease self-management.
DESIGN
This was a multicentre cross-sectional study.
METHODS
A total of 276 adults with T2DM were recruited from nine county hospitals in China. Diabetes self-management, family support, family function, and family self-efficacy were evaluated using the mature scales. A theoretical model was built based on the social learning family model and previous studies and then verified using a structural equation model. The STROBE statement was used to standardise the study procedure.
RESULTS
Family support and general family factors, including family function and self-efficacy, were positively correlated with diabetes self-management. Family support fully mediates the relationship between family function and diabetes self-management and partially mediates the relationship between family self-efficacy and diabetes self-management. The model explained 41% of the variability in diabetes self-management and had a good model fit.
CONCLUSION
General family factors can explain nearly half of the change in diabetes self-management in rural areas of China, while family support is a mediator between general family factors and diabetes self-management. Family self-efficacy, a potential intervention point of family based diabetes self-management education, can be improved by building special lessons for family members.
RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
This study emphasises the role of family in diabetes self-management and proposes suggestions for diabetes self-management intervention among patients with T2DM in rural areas of China.
PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
Patients and their family members completed the questionnaire which was used for data collection.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Family Support; Self-Management; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Behavior; China
PubMed: 37340624
DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16786