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Cancer Nursing Nov 2023Health-related self-disclosure has been studied in various aspects, as has self-disclosure of cancer patients. However, any theoretical models that comprehensively...
BACKGROUND
Health-related self-disclosure has been studied in various aspects, as has self-disclosure of cancer patients. However, any theoretical models that comprehensively include self-disclosure events, factors associated with self-disclosure, and the outcomes of self-disclosure of cancer patients have not yet been presented.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between self-disclosure, perception toward cancer, intention for self-disclosure, level and range of self-disclosure, social support, and well-being in adult patients with cancer.
METHODS
Data were collected from adult cancer patients via an online survey using self-report questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The data from 359 participants were included in the final analysis.
RESULTS
Positive intention for self-disclosure was a significant predictor of both self-disclosure level and range, whereas negative perception toward cancer significantly decreased self-disclosure level. The self-disclosure level significantly improved both social support and well-being, whereas the self-disclosure range did not present a significant impact on social support and well-being.
CONCLUSION
Self-disclosure is closely associated with social support and well-being, and self-disclosure can be promoted by improving negative perceptions and positive intentions about self-disclosure. In addition, to improve the social support and well-being of cancer patients, it suggests increasing the self-disclosure depth level rather than widening the range of self-disclosure.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
The results of this study can be used as evidence for the development of nursing intervention programs to reduce negative perceptions toward cancer and improve positive intentions and levels of self-disclosure among cancer patients.
PubMed: 37991473
DOI: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000001302 -
Perspectives on Psychological Science :... Nov 2023Self-control denotes the ability to override current desires to render behavior consistent with long-term goals. A key assumption is that self-control is required when...
Self-control denotes the ability to override current desires to render behavior consistent with long-term goals. A key assumption is that self-control is required when short-term desires are transiently stronger (more preferred) than long-term goals and people would yield to temptation without exerting self-control. We argue that this widely shared conception of self-control raises a fundamental yet rarely discussed conceptual paradox: How is it possible that a person most strongly desires to perform a behavior (e.g., eat chocolate) and desires to recruit self-control to prevent themselves from doing it? A detailed analysis reveals that three common assumptions about self-control cannot be true simultaneously. To avoid the paradox, any coherent theory of self-control must abandon either the assumption (a) that recruitment of self-control is an intentional process, or (b) that humans are unitary agents, or (c) that self-control consists in overriding the currently strongest desire. We propose a taxonomy of different kinds of self-control processes that helps organize current theories according to which of these assumptions they abandon. We conclude by outlining unresolved questions and future research perspectives raised by different conceptions of self-control and discuss implications for the question of whether self-control can be considered rational.
Topics: Humans; Self-Control; Motivation
PubMed: 36791675
DOI: 10.1177/17456916221146158 -
Journal of Homosexuality Feb 2024In heterosexual populations, self-objectification is associated with self-sexualizing appearance behaviors. This study examined the relationship between...
In heterosexual populations, self-objectification is associated with self-sexualizing appearance behaviors. This study examined the relationship between self-objectification and self-sexualizing appearance behaviors and the moderating effect of butch/androgynous/femme sexual self-label identification in Chinese bisexual and lesbian females. We recruited 637 bisexual and lesbian females to complete an online questionnaire that asked about demographic information and feminine and masculine self-sexualizing appearance behaviors and measured the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale. Feminine self-sexualizing appearance behaviors include wearing high heels, short skirts, low-cut outfits, skinny clothes and makeup. Masculine self-sexualizing appearance behaviors include wearing short hair and binding breasts. Femme-identified females scored higher on body surveillance than did butch- and androgynous-identified females. Butch-identified females reported having more masculine self-sexualizing behaviors, whereas femme-identified females reported having more feminine self-sexualizing appearance behaviors. Sexual self-label identification moderated the relationship between self-objectification and feminine self-sexualizing behaviors. Body surveillance was significantly associated with feminine self-sexualizing behaviors in femme- and androgynous-identified females but not in butch-identified females. Body shame was negatively associated with feminine self-sexualizing appearance behaviors in androgynous-identified females. The current findings highlight the role of sexual self-label identification in self-objectification among Chinese bisexual and lesbian females. The findings imply the heterogeneousness of self-objectification among Chinese bisexual and lesbian females.
PubMed: 38319638
DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2024.2310758 -
Psychotherapy (Chicago, Ill.) Dec 2023We aimed to investigate prospective psychotherapists' bias in assessing their own facilitative interpersonal skills (FIS) and predictors of high self-assessments. In... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
We aimed to investigate prospective psychotherapists' bias in assessing their own facilitative interpersonal skills (FIS) and predictors of high self-assessments. In this cross-sectional observational study, we examined 132 psychology students and trainee psychotherapists. Therapists' demographic variables and self-concepts were assessed through self-report questionnaires, and their therapeutic skills were assessed with the German version of the "FIS" task. A truth-and-bias model approach was applied in three different hierarchical linear models to test self-assessment bias of FIS, and to identify factors associated with overly positive self-assessments of therapeutic skills. Significantly higher self-assessments of skills were found in comparison to observer ratings for overall FIS and for the FIS dimensions hope, emotional expression, warmth, acceptance, and understanding, empathy, alliance bond capacity, and rupture-repair responsiveness. Despite this discrepancy, there was a significant congruence between self- and observer ratings. A greater self-assessed ego-strength and attractiveness were associated with self-assessments of skills that were higher than the observer-rated average. Age, gender, experience, and other self-concept variables showed no significant association with self-assessments. This present study demonstrates self-assessment bias in prospective therapists. However, when participants rated their own FIS to be high, observers also tended to rate participants' skills higher. Especially therapists who generally feel more confident and attractive tend to estimate themselves positively. Supervisors and trainees should be aware of the ubiquity of self-assessment bias. Future research is necessary to test the effect of self-assessment bias on patient outcomes and process variables. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Social Skills; Psychotherapy; Psychotherapists; Professional-Patient Relations; Prospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies
PubMed: 37796545
DOI: 10.1037/pst0000506 -
The relationship between women's mode of delivery, body image, self-respect, and genital self-image.International Urogynecology Journal Dec 2023Many factors affect women's genital self-image. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between women's mode of delivery, body image, self-esteem, and...
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS
Many factors affect women's genital self-image. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between women's mode of delivery, body image, self-esteem, and genital self-image.
METHODS
The research was carried out in two public hospitals between 15 January 2022 and 30 June 2022. The study sample consisted of a total of 197 multiparous women in the early postpartum period. They were asked to fill out a Personal Information Form, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Body-Esteem Scale (BES), and the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS), based on self-report. The Chi-squared, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were used.
RESULTS
Of the participants, 49.50% had a vaginal delivery, and 50.50% had a cesarean section. Their mean scores were 0.64 ± 0.62 on the RSES, 155.01 ± 24.40 on the BIS, and 20.97 ± 4.39 on the FGSIS. As the women's age increased, their mean FGSIS score also increased. There was negative correlation between women's mean RSES and FGSIS scores. A positive, significant correlation was found between the mean FGSIS and BES scores of the women. Of the variables included in the multiple linear regression model, age, self-esteem, and body image were statistically significant predictors 19.5% of the FGSIS score (p < 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS
Mode of delivery was not a predictor of female genital self-image in the early postpartum period. Women with high self-esteem had a positive body image and genital self-image. Age, self-esteem, and body image were influential on female genital self-image. On the other hand, age, self-esteem, and body image predicted about 19.5% of female genital self-image according to multiple linear regression.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Body Image; Cesarean Section; Genitalia, Female; Respect; Self Concept
PubMed: 37530801
DOI: 10.1007/s00192-023-05610-5 -
Burns : Journal of the International... Aug 2023Within healthcare generally, patients who self-harm can experience stigma and inequitable medical care. Previous studies have suggested that patients with small...
Within healthcare generally, patients who self-harm can experience stigma and inequitable medical care. Previous studies have suggested that patients with small self-harm burn injuries may not be treated equally in comparison to non-intentional injuries. Furthermore, there is an absence of literature related to surgical outcomes for self-harm burn injuries. A retrospective cohort study of an adult burns service's outpatient attendances over a four-year period was completed. Self-harm burn injuries were identified and hospital medical records were used to extract demographic, burn injury, treatment and outcome information. 94 self-harm burn injuries in 58 patients presented over the study period. Of those who presented with self-harm burn injuries, 29 % (n = 17) of patients presented on more than one occasion, 54 % (n = 50) of wounds were managed surgically and 80 % (n = 36) of full thickness injuries were managed surgically. The post-operative course and healing time was similar to what would be expected after non-intentional burn injuries. In 93 % (n = 54) of all patients presenting with self-harm burn injuries, there was no reported tampering or non-compliance. There was no tampering or non-compliance in 94 % (n = 47) of those with self-harm burn injuries when wounds were treated surgically. The findings support the view that self-harm burn injuries should be treated in the same way as non-intentional burn injuries and that similar outcomes from treatment can be expected. However, further research is needed to explore this systematically.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Burns; Retrospective Studies; Self-Injurious Behavior
PubMed: 35999155
DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.08.003 -
International Urology and Nephrology Sep 2023Urinary incontinence is a common condition in the elderly, which can be improved with rehabilitation. However, compliance with the rehabilitation regimen is influenced... (Review)
Review
Urinary incontinence is a common condition in the elderly, which can be improved with rehabilitation. However, compliance with the rehabilitation regimen is influenced by the level of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy of elderly patients in dealing with urinary incontinence can be clinically assessed and understood by using a suitable scale, to implement specific improvement measures. At present, the tools used for assessing the self-efficacy of elderly patients with urinary incontinence include the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Pelvic Floor Muscle Self-efficacy Scale, the Geriatric Self-efficacy Index for Urinary Incontinence, and the Yoga Self-Efficacy Scale. Most of these tools are suitable for female patients with urinary incontinence, but lack relevance to the disease characteristics of geriatric patients. In this study, we reviewed the self-efficacy assessment tools for geriatric patients with urinary incontinence, to provide a reference for related research. It is important to accurately assess the self-efficacy of patients with geriatric UI to effectively enhance their level of self-efficacy, so that patients with geriatric UI can avail early help and quickly reintegrate with family and society.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Self Efficacy; Urinary Incontinence; Pelvis; Patient Compliance; Exercise Therapy; Quality of Life
PubMed: 37330933
DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03661-7 -
World Neurosurgery Oct 2023The role of self-citation has not been discussed in the neurosurgery literature, although citations, citation indices, and impact of research may enhance funding...
OBJECTIVE
The role of self-citation has not been discussed in the neurosurgery literature, although citations, citation indices, and impact of research may enhance funding opportunities, academic positions, fellowship opportunities, employment, and professional identity development. We sought to assess the magnitude and role of self-citation in academic neurosurgery.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective analysis of the citation and self-citation rates of articles published in 2001-2020 in 7 major neurosurgery journals: Acta Neurochirurgica, Journal of Neurosurgery, Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Review, and World Neurosurgery.
RESULTS
The total number of citations was highest for Journal of Neurosurgery and lowest for Neurosurgical Review. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine had the highest average number of citations per article, followed closely by Journal of Neurosurgery. The self-citation rate increased for all journals over the time period 2001-2020. The highest number of self-citations per article during 2016-2020 was seen in Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics and World Neurosurgery. Neurosurgical Review had the lowest number of self-citations per article.
CONCLUSIONS
Academic neurosurgeons must understand the ecosystem around self-citation. In our study, we found overall low levels of self-citations in neurosurgery journals with a few outliers. We have, however, noticed an increasing trend in self-citation rates. Self-citation rates should be considered while evaluating the impact of an author and research productivity. Contrary to popular belief, self-citation is not always unethical and must be understood within its circumstances.
PubMed: 37473867
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.052 -
International Wound Journal Oct 2023Burn injuries, as a major public health problem, can lead to high morbidity and mortality. Burns is considered as one of the most devastating injuries globally and the... (Review)
Review
Burn injuries, as a major public health problem, can lead to high morbidity and mortality. Burns is considered as one of the most devastating injuries globally and the fourth most common injury after traffic accidents, falls and interpersonal violence. Burn injuries can affect human life, such as physical and mental health, functional skills, and performance. Changes in appearance, social isolation, stress, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, unemployment, financial burden and family problems can occur in these patients. These burn complications can be exacerbated without adequate social support. This systematic review evaluated burn patients' social support and related factors. A systematic search was performed on the international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Persian electronic databases such as Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as 'Burns', 'Social support', 'Perceived social support' and 'Social care' from the earliest to 30 April 2022. The quality of the included studies in this review was assessed using the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS tool). A total of 1677 burn patients were included in this review from 12 studies. Mean score of social support in burn patients based on multidimensional scale of perceived social support, Phillips's social support questionnaire, social support questionnaire, social support scale and Norbeck social support questionnaire were 5.04 (SD = 1.59) of 7, 22.06 (SD = 3.05), 78.20 (SD = 15.00) of 95, 82.24 (SD = 13.70) and 4.14 (SD = 0.99), respectively. Factors such as income, educational attainment, burn surface area, reconstructive surgery, quality of life, self-esteem, socialisation, posttraumatic growth, spirituality, and ego resilience had a significant positive relationship with social support of burns patients. Social support in patients with burn had a significant negative relationship with factors such as psychological distress, having children, life satisfaction, neuroticism and post-traumatic stress disorder. Overall, patients with burns had moderate levels of social support. Therefore, it is recommended that health policymakers and managers make it easier for burn patients to adapt to burns by providing psychological intervention programs and the social support needed by burn patients.
Topics: Humans; Burns; Cross-Sectional Studies; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Quality of Life; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 36960557
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14166 -
Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin Sep 2023Attitude position and function often are discussed as though they are distinct aspects of attitudes, but scholars have become increasingly interested in how they may...
Attitude position and function often are discussed as though they are distinct aspects of attitudes, but scholars have become increasingly interested in how they may interface. We extend existing work showing that people view their positive attitudes as more self-defining than their negative attitudes (i.e., the positivity effect). All datasets support that the positivity effect emerged most strongly among high self-esteem individuals and was attenuated, eliminated, or even reversed among low self-esteem individuals. Furthermore, Study 4 uses a broad array of individual difference measures to triangulate that the higher self-enhancement motivation associated with high self-esteem, rather than merely the positive self-worth of high self-esteem people, is responsible for moderating the positivity effect. In sum, the present work establishes boundary conditions for an important phenomenon in the attitudes literature, develops understanding of the far-ranging implications of trait self-esteem, and illuminates the psychological motivations that connect attitude position and function.
Topics: Humans; Self Concept; Motivation; Attitude; Optimism
PubMed: 35726712
DOI: 10.1177/01461672221100866