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Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin Nov 2023Self-affirmation-reflecting on a source of global self-integrity outside of the threatened domain-can mitigate self-threat in education, health, relationships, and more....
Self-affirmation-reflecting on a source of global self-integrity outside of the threatened domain-can mitigate self-threat in education, health, relationships, and more. Whether people recognize these benefits is unknown. Inspired by the metamotivational approach, we examined people's beliefs about the benefits of self-affirmation and whether individual differences in these beliefs predict how people cope with self-threat. The current research revealed that people recognize that self-affirmation is selectively helpful for self-threat situations compared with other negative situations. However, people on average did not distinguish between self-affirmation and alternative strategies for coping with self-threat. Importantly, individual differences in these beliefs predicted coping decisions: Those who recognized the benefits of self-affirmation were more likely to choose to self-affirm rather than engage in an alternative strategy following an experience of self-threat. We discuss implications for self-affirmation theory and developing interventions to promote adaptive responses to self-threat.
Topics: Humans; Adaptation, Psychological; Self Concept
PubMed: 36065608
DOI: 10.1177/01461672221120612 -
Journal of Renal Care Mar 2024Health literacy, self-efficacy and self-management are known to influence health-related well-being. However, the precise influence of self-management, health literacy...
BACKGROUND
Health literacy, self-efficacy and self-management are known to influence health-related well-being. However, the precise influence of self-management, health literacy and self-efficacy on health outcomes in Asian countries is under-researched.
OBJECTIVES
To examine the impact of health literacy and self-efficacy (independent variables) and self-management (mediator) on patients' health outcomes (dependent variable).
DESIGN
An observational, cross-sectional design was conducted between 1 March 2022 and 31 August 2022.
PARTICIPANTS
Outpatients receiving haemodialysis (n = 200) at a Taiwanese medical centre were assessed.
MEASUREMENTS
The survey included demographic questions and standardised scales: the 3-item Brief Health Literacy Screen, the 8-item Perceived Kidney/Dialysis Self-Management Scale as a measure of self-efficacy, and the 20-item Haemodialyses Self-Management Instrument. Health outcomes were responses on the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey version 2 and clinical blood results from the past 3 months.
RESULTS
Participants aged over 60 exhibited common comorbidities, with 34% showing low health literacy. Biochemical markers (e.g., haemoglobin and albumin) significantly correlated with physical and mental health scores. Mediating coefficients revealed that self-management significantly influenced associations between health outcomes, health literacy (β = 0.31; p < 0.01), and self-efficacy (β = 0.19; p < 0.01).
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Self-management can modify the overall influence of health literacy and self-efficacy on patients' quality of physical and emotional health. When managing a chronic condition, 'knowing' how to self-manage does not always result in 'doing so' by the patient. Continuous monitoring and promoting self-management behaviours and support by nurses are crucial to enhance health outcomes.
PubMed: 38522017
DOI: 10.1111/jorc.12493 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Oct 2023Disturbances of the narrative self and personal identity accompany the onset of psychotic disorders in late adolescence and early adulthood (a formative developmental...
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS
Disturbances of the narrative self and personal identity accompany the onset of psychotic disorders in late adolescence and early adulthood (a formative developmental stage for self-concept and personal narratives). However, these issues have primarily been studied retrospectively after illness onset, limiting any inferences about their developmental course.
STUDY DESIGN
Youth at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) (n = 49) and matched healthy comparison youth (n = 52) completed a life story interview (including self-defining memory, turning point, life challenge, and psychotic-like experience) and questionnaires assessing self-esteem, self-beliefs, self-concept clarity, and ruminative/reflective self-focus. Trained raters coded interviews for narrative identity themes of emotional tone, agency, temporal coherence, context coherence, self-event connections, and meaning-making (intraclass correlations >0.75). Statistical analyses tested group differences and relationships between self-concept, narrative identity, symptoms, and functioning.
STUDY RESULTS
CHR participants reported more negative self-esteem and self-beliefs, poorer self-concept clarity, and more ruminative self-focus, all of which related to negative symptoms. CHR participants narrated their life stories with themes of negative emotion and passivity (ie, lack of personal agency), which related to positive and negative symptoms. Reflective self-focus and autobiographical reasoning were unaffected and correlated. Autobiographical reasoning was uniquely associated with preserved role functioning.
CONCLUSIONS
This group of youth at CHR exhibited some, but not all, changes to self-concept and narrative identity seen in psychotic disorders. A core theme of negativity, uncertainty, and passivity ran through their semantic and narrative self-representations. Preserved self-reflection and autobiographical reasoning suggest sources of resilience and potential footholds for cognitive-behavioral and metacognitive interventions.
PubMed: 37816626
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad142 -
Journal of Pediatric Psychology Feb 2024This review examines the role that two types of self-control may play in youth's self-management of migraine. Although traditionally conceptualized from an inhibitory... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This review examines the role that two types of self-control may play in youth's self-management of migraine. Although traditionally conceptualized from an inhibitory lens, self-control has both initiatory and inhibitory functions, and the authors suggest the distinction is important in relation to youth's ability to adhere to different components of migraine treatment regimens.
METHODS
A topical review of the literature was conducted to identify evidence-based interventions to treat pediatric migraine and conceptualize the role self-control (both initiatory and inhibitory) may play in adherence to its regimen. Both PsycInfo and PubMed databases were used to identify relevant articles.
RESULTS
Existing evidence-based interventions and recommendations for pediatric migraine require inhibitory self-control (e.g., avoiding caffeine, tobacco) and initiatory self-control (e.g., taking medication). Formal intervention programs (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy) tend to employ initiatory self-control (e.g., modifying physical reactions in response to biofeedback).
CONCLUSIONS
Understanding the distinct types of self-control required for adherence to different interventions allows for a better conceptualization of self-management of pediatric migraine. Individuals may struggle with adherence when they have deficits in one or both types of self-control skills. Future research should consider whether self-control is associated with differential adherence patterns in pediatric migraine management.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; Migraine Disorders; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Behavior Therapy; Self-Management; Self-Control
PubMed: 37949096
DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad084 -
One Health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Dec 2023Notwithstanding the understandable rationale of the logical, expected and natural evolution of human behaviour towards an anthropocentric view of its relationship with...
Notwithstanding the understandable rationale of the logical, expected and natural evolution of human behaviour towards an anthropocentric view of its relationship with other animals and the environment, a shift from this predatory "Ego-centric" behaviour towards an "Eco" conduct, with regard to their view of the world and of the global health, has become mandatory, contributing to the development of the "One Health" and of "One Health Systems" concepts. We contend for the usefulness of a building-blocks approach to facilitate an understanding of the development of One Health Systems. We assert that a building-blocks approach to One Health Systems with strong similarity to WHO's building-blocks for human health systems would help to strengthen the case for robust,resilient and anti-fragile One Health systems.
PubMed: 38024260
DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100624 -
Current Issues in Personality Psychology 2023The relation between shyness and self-esteem in women has not been fully elucidated. Shyness is a source of many problems in social interactions, although it may be...
BACKGROUND
The relation between shyness and self-esteem in women has not been fully elucidated. Shyness is a source of many problems in social interactions, although it may be positively evaluated by women as a stereotypically female trait. The aim of the study was to examine relations between shyness, self-esteem, its dimensions, and contingencies of self-worth in women. It also compared the self-esteem and contingencies of self-worth in shy and bold women.
PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE
The study was conducted in a sample of 1020 Polish women, aged 18-73. The Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale, the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory, and the Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale were used.
RESULTS
The results of linear multiple regression showed that predictors of shyness were dimensions of self-esteem related to likeability, personal power, lovability, body functioning, academic/professional competences, and self-worth conditioned by others' approval and God's love. Shy women had significantly lower global self-esteem in comparison to bold women. Shy women evaluated themselves lower than bold women did, in all the dimensions of self-esteem. Both shy and bold women find family support and academic/professional competencies the main contingencies of self-worth, and God's love was indicated the least.
CONCLUSIONS
The results illustrated the importance of shyness for women's self-esteem, and also have implications for understanding how shy and bold women may express themselves in social life.
PubMed: 38075460
DOI: 10.5114/CIPP/171607 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2023The positive role of dispositional awe has been seen in personality and in health. However, its impact on self-worth and internal mechanisms have been unclear.
BACKGROUND
The positive role of dispositional awe has been seen in personality and in health. However, its impact on self-worth and internal mechanisms have been unclear.
PURPOSES
This study explored the relationship between dispositional awe and self-worth and the roles of self-concept clarity and the small self in this association.
METHODS
With a cluster sampling, a cross-sectional sample of 1888 Chinese undergraduates were recruited from Fuzhou, a southeast coastal city in the P.R.C. All the data were analyzed with Pearson's correlations and the structural equation model (SEM) based on SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 8.1.
RESULTS
Dispositional awe was positively correlated with both personal-oriented and social-oriented self-worth ( = 0.12, 0.27) and was also positively correlated with small self ( = 0.33) but negatively correlated with self-concept clarity ( = -0.18); in the full model, the direct effect of dispositional awe on society-oriented self-worth was 0.36 (75%); the indirect effects of small self and self-concept clarity were -0.09 (18.8%) and -0.01 (2.1%), respectively; and the chain indirect effect was -0.02 (4.2%). Similarly, the direct effect of dispositional awe on person-oriented self-worth was 0.50 (83.3%); the indirect effects of small self and self-concept clarity were -0.07 (11.7%) and -0.01 (1.7%), respectively; and the chain indirect effect was -0.02 (3.3%); all the indirect effects were suppressing effects, for they were contrary to the direct effects.
CONCLUSION
This study suggested that dispositional awe could help people better understand themselves and enhance their sense of self-worth.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; East Asian People; Self Concept; Personality; Students
PubMed: 37444142
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136296 -
The International Journal of... Dec 2023In this note I have limited myself to describing some convergent and divergent developments arising from the innovative concepts present in The Ego and the Id. It could...
In this note I have limited myself to describing some convergent and divergent developments arising from the innovative concepts present in The Ego and the Id. It could be argued that a part of the psychoanalytic movement wished to emphasize the function of the Ego (Anna Freud, Hartmann, Rapaport), while another part (Melanie Klein and her followers) delved into the dynamics of the Superego and the Id in primitive and pathological states of mind. I will examine three themes presents in The Ego and the Id: the assertion that a part of the Ego is unconscious; the idea that the death drive becomes part of the dynamics of melancholia and its Superego; the concept of fusion and defusion of the life and death instinct. Freud's writing represents a forge of new ideas that have made psychoanalysis ever more creative and capable of understanding the complexity and mysteriousness of the human mind.
Topics: Female; Humans; Ego; Freudian Theory; Superego; Psychoanalysis; Instinct; Psychoanalytic Theory
PubMed: 38127478
DOI: 10.1080/00207578.2023.2277024 -
Psychological Science Sep 2023Grandiose narcissism is defined as increased motivation for status and viewing oneself as entitled and superior to others. We hypothesized that these tendencies might be...
Grandiose narcissism is defined as increased motivation for status and viewing oneself as entitled and superior to others. We hypothesized that these tendencies might be associated with basal levels of testosterone because testosterone is considered the most social hormone-driving dominance and the motivation to achieve social status. We distinguished between two facets of grandiose narcissism: agentic (i.e., the tendency to self-promotion in order to win others' admiration and social influence) and antagonistic (i.e., a reactive strategy used to restore threatened status). In 283 adult men, we examined the association between these facets of narcissism and blood-tested and self-reported testosterone levels. Agentic narcissism-the default narcissistic strategy-was positively associated with both testosterone indicators. Moreover, self-reported and objectively measured testosterone were positively correlated. These findings extend previous work by showing that the facets of narcissism have distinct hormonal underpinnings.
Topics: Adult; Male; Humans; Self Report; Narcissism; Testosterone; Motivation; Ego
PubMed: 37594058
DOI: 10.1177/09567976231184886 -
Psychological Reports Apr 2024In this study, we aimed to examine the relationships between self-generated stress (SGS) and psychological well-being (PWB) and the mediating role of self-critical...
In this study, we aimed to examine the relationships between self-generated stress (SGS) and psychological well-being (PWB) and the mediating role of self-critical rumination (SCR) and self-regulation in this relationship. In this direction, the Self-Generated Stress Scale (SGSS) was adapted into Turkish in the first study. In the second study, we tested the mediating role of SCR and self-regulation in the relationship between SGS and PWB in university students. The findings showed that the Self-Generated Stress Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish culture and PWB and self-regulation have partial mediating roles in the relationship between SGS and PWB. These results contribute to a better understanding of the association between SGS and PWB.
Topics: Humans; Psychological Well-Being; Self-Control; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 36002229
DOI: 10.1177/00332941221119415