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Clinics in Dermatology 2023Determining the shape of a skin lesion may provide a diagnostic clue in dermatology practice, more commonly for inflammatory diseases but also for skin tumors. The...
Determining the shape of a skin lesion may provide a diagnostic clue in dermatology practice, more commonly for inflammatory diseases but also for skin tumors. The annular formation may develop by diverse mechanisms in skin tumors. Annular lesions may occur from the onset of the tumor as sparing the central area or depression and/or ulceration in the center of the tumor or outward expansion of the primary lesion. Clustering of multiple papulonodular lesions sparing the central area or relatively independent processes acting on the central and peripheral components of the tumor may also result in an annular appearance. We have explored a wide variety of benign and malignant skin tumors and lymphoproliferative diseases forming an annular shape.
Topics: Humans; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Diseases; Lymphoproliferative Disorders
PubMed: 37586571
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2023.08.006 -
Pathology, Research and Practice Jul 2024BAP1-inactivated melanocytoma (BIM) is a novel subgroup of melanocytic neoplasm listed in the 5th edition of WHO classification of skin tumor. BIM is characterized by... (Review)
Review
BAP1-inactivated melanocytoma (BIM) is a novel subgroup of melanocytic neoplasm listed in the 5th edition of WHO classification of skin tumor. BIM is characterized by two molecular alterations, including a mitogenic driver mutation (usually BRAF gene) and the loss of function of BAP1, a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 3p21, which encodes for BRCA1-associated protein (BAP1). The latter represents a nuclear-localized deubiquitinase involved in several cellular processes including cell cycle regulation, chromatin remodeling, DNA damage response, differentiation, senescence and cell death. BIMs are histologically characterized by a population of large epithelioid melanocytes with well-demarcated cytoplasmic borders and copious eosinophilic cytoplasm, demonstrating loss of BAP1 nuclear expression by immunohistochemistry. Recently, we have published a series of 50 cases, extending the morphological spectrum of the neoplasm and highlighting some new microscopic features. In the current article, we focus on some new histological features, attempting to explain and link them to certain mechanisms of tumor development, including senescence, endoreplication, endocycling, asymmetric cytokinesis, entosis and others. In light of the morphological and molecular findings observed in BIM, we postulated that this entity unmasks a fine mechanism of tumor in which both clonal/stochastic and hierarchical model can be unified.
Topics: Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; Humans; Tumor Suppressor Proteins; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms; Nevus, Pigmented; Melanocytes; Biomarkers, Tumor; Mutation
PubMed: 38326181
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155162 -
Anales de Pediatria May 2024
Topics: Humans; Angiokeratoma; Skin Neoplasms; Male; Infant, Newborn; Female
PubMed: 38580593
DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2024.03.048 -
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer &... Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Skin Neoplasms; Melanoma
PubMed: 38644303
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Academy of... Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Dermatofibrosarcoma; Skin Neoplasms; Mohs Surgery; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
PubMed: 37678497
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.09.001 -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie May 2024The interdisciplinary treatment of skin cancer in the head and neck area requires close collaboration between different specialist disciplines. The most common... (Review)
Review
The interdisciplinary treatment of skin cancer in the head and neck area requires close collaboration between different specialist disciplines. The most common non-melanoma skin cancer tumor entities are cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma as well as their precursor lesions. One of the less common tumors is Merkel cell carcinoma, which also occurs primarily in light-exposed areas and, in contrast to squamous and basal cell carcinoma, is more likely to metastasize. Due to the low tendency of basal cell carcinoma as well as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma to metastasize, a cure can often be achieved by surgery. If the tumor growth exceeds certain levels it may require collaboration between dermatology and otorhinolaryngology. The primary goal of this interdisciplinary collaboration is to achieve a functional, cosmetically and aesthetically acceptable result in addition to adequate tumor treatment. Depending on the stage of the tumor and the clinical course, a case may be discussed in an interdisciplinary tumor board in order to determine a personalised, appropriate and adequate treatment concept for each patient, including prevention, therapy and follow-up.
Topics: Skin Neoplasms; Humans; Interdisciplinary Communication; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Patient Care Team; Carcinoma, Merkel Cell; Intersectoral Collaboration; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 38697144
DOI: 10.1055/a-2171-4570 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2023Melanoma is one of the deadliest skin tumors, accounting for almost 90% of skin cancer mortality. Although immune therapy and targeted therapy have dramatically changed... (Review)
Review
Melanoma is one of the deadliest skin tumors, accounting for almost 90% of skin cancer mortality. Although immune therapy and targeted therapy have dramatically changed the prognosis of metastatic melanoma, many patients experience disease progression despite the currently available new treatments. Skin metastases from melanoma represent a relatively common event as first sign of advanced disease or a sign of recurrence. Skin metastases are usually asymptomatic, although in advanced stages, they can present with ulceration, bleeding, and superinfection; furthermore, they can cause symptoms related to compression on nearby tissues. Treatments vary from simple surgery resections to topical or intralesional local injections, or a combination of these techniques with the most recent systemic immune or target therapies. New research and studies should focus on the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of the cutaneous metastases of melanoma in order to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the different behavior and prognoses of different patients.
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 37833981
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914535 -
Blood Aug 2023Targeted therapies for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) are limited and curative approaches are lacking. Furthermore, relapses and drug induced side effects are major...
Targeted therapies for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) are limited and curative approaches are lacking. Furthermore, relapses and drug induced side effects are major challenges in the therapeutic management of patients with CTCL, creating an urgent need for new and effective therapies. Pathologic constitutive NF-κB activity leads to apoptosis resistance in CTCL cells and, thus, represents a promising therapeutic target in CTCL. In a preclinical study we showed the potential of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) to block NF-κB and, specifically, kill CTCL cells. To translate these findings to applications in a clinical setting, we performed a multicentric phase 2 study evaluating oral DMF therapy in 25 patients with CTCL stages Ib to IV over 24 weeks (EudraCT number 2014-000924-11/NCT number NCT02546440). End points were safety and efficacy. We evaluated skin involvement (using a modified severity weighted assessment tool [mSWAT]), pruritus, quality of life, and blood involvement, if applicable, as well as translational data. Upon skin analysis, 7 of 23 (30.4%) patients showed a response with >50% reduction in the mSWAT score. Patients with high tumor burden in the skin and blood responded best to DMF therapy. Although not generally significant, DMF also improved pruritus in several patients. Response in the blood was mixed, but we confirmed the NF-κB-inhibiting mechanism of DMF in the blood. The overall tolerability of the DMF therapy was very favorable, with mostly mild side effects. In conclusion, our study presents DMF as an effective and excellently tolerable therapeutic option in CTCL to be further evaluated in a phase 3 study or real-life patient care as well as in combination therapies. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02546440.
Topics: Humans; Dimethyl Fumarate; NF-kappa B; Quality of Life; Skin Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous; Pruritus
PubMed: 37217183
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018669 -
The Lancet. Oncology Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Climate Change; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 37541266
DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00348-0 -
Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) Sep 2023Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest form of skin neoplasm and its high mortality rates could be averted by early accurate detection. While the detection of melanoma is...
Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest form of skin neoplasm and its high mortality rates could be averted by early accurate detection. While the detection of melanoma is currently reliant upon melanin visualisation, research into melanosome biogenesis, as a key driver of pathogenesis, has not yielded technology that can reliably distinguish between atypical benign, amelanotic and melanotic lesions. The endosomal-lysosomal system has important regulatory roles in cancer cell biology, including a specific functional role in melanosome biogenesis. Herein, the involvement of the endosomal-lysosomal system in melanoma was examined by pooled secondary analysis of existing gene expression datasets. A set of differentially expressed endosomal-lysosomal genes was identified in melanoma, which were interconnected by biological function. To illustrate the protein expression of the dysregulated genes, immunohistochemistry was performed on samples from patients with cutaneous melanoma to reveal candidate markers. This study demonstrated the dysregulation of Syntenin-1, Sortilin and Rab25 may provide a differentiating feature between cutaneous melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma, while IGF2R may indicate malignant propensity in these skin cancers.
Topics: Humans; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Lysosomes; rab GTP-Binding Proteins; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
PubMed: 37562257
DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100924