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The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal May 2024
Topics: Humans; Streptococcus constellatus; Pandemics; COVID-19; Communicable Diseases; Streptococcal Infections
PubMed: 38117072
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004235 -
The Journal of Dermatology Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Streptococcus constellatus; Actinomyces; Dacryocystitis; Actinomycosis
PubMed: 37997462
DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17041 -
International Microbiology : the... Aug 2023Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been increasing in prevalence in the last decades and has become a global burden. Autoantibodies against human glutamate...
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been increasing in prevalence in the last decades and has become a global burden. Autoantibodies against human glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) are among the first to be detected at the onset of T1DM. Diverse viruses have been proposed to be involved in the triggering of T1DM because of molecular mimicry, i.e., similarity between parts of some viral proteins and one or more epitopes of GAD65. However, the possibility that bacterial proteins might also be responsible for GAD65 mimicry has been seldom investigated. To date, many genomes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus), a prominent human pathogen particularly prevalent among children and the elderly, have been sequenced. A dataset of more than 9000 pneumococcal genomes was mined and two different (albeit related) genes (gadA and gadB), presumably encoding two glutamate decarboxylases similar to GAD65, were found. The various gadA alleles were present only in serotype 3 pneumococci belonging to the global lineage GPSC83, although some homologs have also been discovered in two subspecies of Streptococcus constellatus (pharyngis and viborgensis), an isolate of the group B streptococci, and several strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Besides, gadB alleles are present in > 10% of the isolates in our dataset and represent 16 GPSCs with 123 sequence types and 20 different serotypes. Sequence analyses indicated that gadA- and gadB-like genes have been mobilized among different bacteria either by prophage(s) or by integrative and conjugative element(s), respectively. Substantial similarities appear to exist between the putative pneumococcal glutamate decarboxylases and well-known epitopes of GAD65. In this sense, the use of broader pneumococcal conjugate vaccines such as PCV20 would prevent the majority of serotypes expressing those genes that might potentially contribute to T1DM. These results deserve upcoming studies on the possible involvement of S. pneumoniae in the etiopathogenesis and clinical onset of T1DM.
Topics: Child; Humans; Aged; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Epitopes; Pneumococcal Vaccines; Glutamates
PubMed: 37154976
DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00364-y -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Jun 2024This case series investigated the clinical manifestations, diagnoses, and treatment of cerebral abscesses caused by . We retrospectively analyzed the clinical...
BACKGROUND
This case series investigated the clinical manifestations, diagnoses, and treatment of cerebral abscesses caused by . We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of three cases of cerebral abscesses caused by and conducted a comprehensive review of relevant literature.
CASE SUMMARY
Case 1 presented with a history of left otitis media and exhibited high fever, confusion, and vomiting as primary symptoms. Postoperative pus culture indicated a brain abscess caused by infection. Case 2 experienced dizziness for two days as the primary symptom. Postoperative pus culture suggested an intermediate streptococcal brain abscess. Case 3: Enhanced head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging revealed occupancy of the left temporal lobe, initially suspected to be a metastatic tumor. However, a postoperative pus culture confirmed the presence of a brain abscess caused by infection. The three cases presented in this case series were all patients with community-acquired brain abscesses resulting from angina caused by Streptococcus group infection. All three patients demonstrated sensitivity to penicillin, ceftriaxone, vancomycin, linezolid, chloramphenicol, and levofloxacin. Successful treatment was achieved through stereotaxic puncture, drainage, and ceftriaxone administration with a six -week course of antibiotics.
CONCLUSION
Preoperative enhanced head MRI plays a critical role in distinguishing brain tumors from abscesses. Selecting the correct early diagnostic methods for brain abscesses and providing timely intervention are very important. This case series was in accordance with the CARE guidelines.
PubMed: 38898852
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i17.3243 -
Open Life Sciences 2023A lung abscess is a necrotizing infection caused by microbiomes that lead to the loss of healthy lung tissue. The routine culture is a waste of time and yields...
A lung abscess is a necrotizing infection caused by microbiomes that lead to the loss of healthy lung tissue. The routine culture is a waste of time and yields false-negative results, and clinicians could only choose empiric therapy or use broad-spectrum antibiotics, which could significantly contribute to the problem of resistance or aggravate the condition. We report three patients with a routine-culture-negative lung abscess. The presenting symptoms included fever, cough, dyspnea, and chest pain, and a computed tomography scan revealed a lesion in the lungs. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pleural fluid were tested for pathogens using metagenome next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and the results revealed and spp. (, ) as the most represented microbial pathogens. Our data demonstrated that mNGS could be a promising alternative diagnostic tool for pathogen detection, and the pathogen lists indicate that it will be important to focus on the genus rather than the dominant spp. in terms of co-infection of pathogen determined by shotgun mNGS.
PubMed: 37483431
DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0651 -
European Archives of... Mar 2024This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, pathogen distribution, drug sensitivity, and antibiotic treatment strategies of patients with neck abscesses...
PURPOSE
This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, pathogen distribution, drug sensitivity, and antibiotic treatment strategies of patients with neck abscesses with or without diabetes.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2194 patients who underwent neck abscess surgery at our hospital over the past 13 years. Patients were grouped as NADM (neck abscess with diabetes mellitus) or NADM (neck abscess without diabetes mellitus). Clinical features, pathogen distribution, and antibiotic sensitivity were compared between the groups. Venn diagrams were used to illustrate the antibiotics effective against all three predominant pathogens.
RESULTS
A total of 2194 patients with neck abscesses were included in this study, with 579 patients (26.43%) in the NADM group and 1612 patients (73.51%) in the NADM group. There were no significant differences in sex or age distribution between the two groups (all P > 0.05). However, there were significant differences in BMI, length of hospital stays, occurrence of laryngeal obstruction, hypertension, and hypoalbuminemia between the two groups (all P < 0.05). In the NADM group, the top three pathogens were Streptococcus constellatus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibiotics that were simultaneously effective against all three pathogens were ceftriaxone, moxifloxacin, and ampicillin/sulbactam. In the NADM group, the top three pathogens were Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus constellatus. The antibiotics that were simultaneously effective against all three pathogens were compound sulfamethoxazole, cefuroxime, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and imipenem.
CONCLUSION
Neck abscess patients with diabetes have distinct clinical features. Therefore, it is crucial to pay attention to these clinical features and manage them accordingly during the treatment process. Empirical antibiotic treatment should be tailored to individual patient groups. Sulfamethoxazole-methoxazole is recommended for neck abscess patients with diabetes, while ceftriaxone or moxifloxacin is recommended for those without diabetes.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Abscess; Ceftriaxone; Moxifloxacin; Retrospective Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Sulfamethoxazole
PubMed: 38145982
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08396-w -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; Child; Streptococcus constellatus; Appendicitis; Bacteremia; Streptococcal Infections
PubMed: 37725824
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004125 -
Journal of Thoracic Disease Nov 2023Acute necrotizing mediastinitis (ANM) is a severe infection of the mediastinal loose connective tissue. Traditionally, it has been treated with thoracotomy, but...
BACKGROUND
Acute necrotizing mediastinitis (ANM) is a severe infection of the mediastinal loose connective tissue. Traditionally, it has been treated with thoracotomy, but video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is been increasingly used in patients with this condition. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of VATS and open thoracotomy in treating ANM.
METHODS
The medical records of patients with ANM who underwent surgery between March 2012 and April 2021 were retrieved. A retrospective screening was conducted based on clinical characteristics, bacterial pathogens, surgical approach, and outcomes. The patients were divided into a VATS group and an open thoracotomy (Open) group. The patient characteristics and surgical outcomes of the two groups were summarized and compared.
RESULTS
A total of 64 cases were enrolled in this study, including 48 in the VATS group (75%) and 16 in the Open group (25%). The most common site of infection was the neck (n=26, 40.6%). and () were the most frequently found pathogens in secretion culture. In sputum culture, the most common pathogens were and . Postoperative outcomes, including blood transfusion (33.3% . 43.8%; P=0.45), duration of postoperative drainage {14 [1-47] . 17 [4-54] days; P=0.15}, length of antibiotic medication {14.5 [1-54] . 18 [4-54] days; P=0.29}, admission to intensive care unit (ICU) (87.5% . 75.0%; P=0.43), length of ICU stay {5 [1-58] . 8.5 [1-37] days; P=0.20}, postoperative hospital stay {17 [2-61] . 21 [5-56] days; P=0.22}, reoperation rate (12.5% . 6.25%; P=0.82), and mortality rate (14.6% . 12.5%; P>0.99) were comparable between the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS
ANM treated by both the VATS and open approach had comparable outcomes. Therefore, VATS is a viable option for patients with ANM.
PubMed: 38090300
DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-845 -
Joint Diseases and Related Surgery Sep 2023Although Streptococcus constellatus (SC), an opportunistic pathogen, can cause abscesses and empyema. The SC infection after vertebral augmentation (VA) can interfere...
Although Streptococcus constellatus (SC), an opportunistic pathogen, can cause abscesses and empyema. The SC infection after vertebral augmentation (VA) can interfere with patients' daily living activities and can be life-threatening in severe cases. A 67-year-old male complained of lumbar pain for two months. The patient underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty of the second and third lumbar vertebrae two months ago. On admission, laboratory and imaging evidence suggested infection of the second and third lumbar vertebrae with bilateral psoas major and left lumbodorsal abscesses. After three weeks of empirical anti-infective therapy, abscess removal and the second and third lumbar vertebrae fusion with iliac bone graft were performed under general anesthesia. Intraoperative pathology and next-generation sequencing (NGS) examination of the pus suggested SC infection, and oral linezolid was given for 12 weeks after surgery. The infection was eventually cured and the patient achieved satisfactory function. In conclusion, pyogenic spondylitis due to SC infection after VA is a life-threatening complication. In addition to infectious disease consultation and routine etiological screening, NGS is important to identify infection with unknown pathogens. Surgery combined with sensitive antibiotics is appropriate for patients with progressive neurological deficits.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Abscess; Spondylitis; Lumbar Vertebrae; Low Back Pain; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37750280
DOI: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.1182 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Innovations,... Oct 2023To better understand the microbial profile of complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyema, and to evaluate whether antimicrobial selection would differ if guided by...
OBJECTIVE
To better understand the microbial profile of complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyema, and to evaluate whether antimicrobial selection would differ if guided by targeted metagenomic sequencing (tMGS) conventional cultures (CCs) alone.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We analyzed the pleural fluid of a cohort of 47 patients undergoing thoracentesis from January 1, 2017 to August 31, 2019, to characterize their microbial profile. All samples underwent 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene polymerase chain reaction, followed by tMGS.
RESULTS
Pleural space infection was deemed clinically present in 20 of the 47 (43%) participants. Of those, n=7 (35%) had positive pleural fluid cultures and n=14 (70%) had positive tMGS results. The organisms identified by tMGS were concordant with CCs; however, tMGS detected additional bacterial species over CCs alone. and were the most common organisms identified, with identified in 5 patients Polymicrobial infections were found in 6 of the 20 patients, with anaerobes being the most common organisms identified in these cases.
CONCLUSION
and were the most common organisms identified in infected pleural fluid. Anaerobes were common in polymicrobial infections. When compared with CCs, tMGS had higher sensitivity than CCs. Targeted metagenomic sequencing identified additional organisms, not identified by CCs, with associated potential management implications.
PubMed: 37663038
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2023.07.010