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Cell Biochemistry and Function Mar 2024Eukaryotic cells utilize oxygen for different functions of cell organelles owing to cellular survival. A balanced oxygen homeostasis is an essential requirement to... (Review)
Review
Eukaryotic cells utilize oxygen for different functions of cell organelles owing to cellular survival. A balanced oxygen homeostasis is an essential requirement to maintain the regulation of normal cellular systems. Any changes in the oxygen level are stressful and can alter the expression of different homeostasis regulatory genes and proteins. Lack of oxygen or hypoxia results in oxidative stress and formation of hypoxia inducible factors (HIF) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Substantial cellular damages due to hypoxia have been reported to play a major role in various pathological conditions. There are different studies which demonstrated that the functions of cellular system are disrupted by hypoxia. Currently, study on cellular effects following hypoxia is an important field of research as it not only helps to decipher different signaling pathway modulation, but also helps to explore novel therapeutic strategies. On the basis of the beneficial effect of hypoxia preconditioning of cellular organelles, many therapeutic investigations are ongoing as a promising disease management strategy in near future. Hence, the present review discusses about the effects of hypoxia on different cellular organelles, mechanisms and their involvement in the progression of different diseases.
Topics: Humans; Hypoxia; Reactive Oxygen Species; Oxygen; Oxidative Stress; Signal Transduction; Cell Hypoxia; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
PubMed: 38379257
DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3940 -
Heliyon Aug 2023The COVID-19 pandemic has directly affected specially nurses, not only those on the front lines but also nurse managers.
BACKGROUND
The COVID-19 pandemic has directly affected specially nurses, not only those on the front lines but also nurse managers.
AIMS
To assess and compare stress levels of nurse managers before and during the pandemic, and to identify predictive factors.
METHOD
Cross-sectional studies were carried out in two moments, before and during pandemic. 102 manager nurses were recruited before the sanitary crisis (2018) and 87 during the health crisis (2020). Perceived stress was measured with the Perceived Stress Scale-14 and quality of professional life, job demands, motivation and managerial support were assessed with the Professional Quality of Life Questionnaire. Socio-demographic and job-related variables were also analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using student's t-test, correlations and multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS
The majority of nurse managers were women, married, who worked the morning shift. 78.2% managed nursing personnel who worked with COVID patients. They suffered a significant increase in both job demands and perceived stress level in the pandemic. Job demands, working in shifts morning, being young and being unmotivated were predictors of perceived stress level according to multiple linear regression analysis.
CONCLUSION
Perceived stress was greatest during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both, before and during the pandemic, job demands are central predictors of nurse managers' general perceived stress. It is necessary to adapt the workplace to personal characteristics of the nurse manager and increase actions to enhance their motivation and reduce their job demands to prevent stress.
PubMed: 37664725
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19209 -
Die Ophthalmologie Jul 2023Pain following eye surgery is often described as being relatively moderate; however, there are also procedures that lead to a pronounced pain experience. Particularly... (Review)
Review
Pain following eye surgery is often described as being relatively moderate; however, there are also procedures that lead to a pronounced pain experience. Particularly in pediatric patients, pain therapy is often insufficient due to a lack of knowledge and fear of complications. These individual and organizational deficits lead to unnecessary discomfort for children and parents. Each institution providing surgical treatment must have pain management concepts in its portfolio for the appropriate age groups. This includes a child-oriented setting, age-appropriate information, systematic pain assessment, and pain protocols. Pain management should be planned prior to surgery and individually adapted as it progresses. Children have a right to a perioperative course with low stress and pain.
Topics: Humans; Child; Pain Management; Pain; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Health Facilities; Pain Measurement
PubMed: 37326853
DOI: 10.1007/s00347-023-01884-8 -
Journal of Clinical Nursing Aug 2023How we engage in and with nature is of growing interest in relation to our health and well-being. For nurses with stressful workloads that are contributing to fatigue,...
How we engage in and with nature is of growing interest in relation to our health and well-being. For nurses with stressful workloads that are contributing to fatigue, psychological burden, insomnia, and decreased coping strategies, interactions with nature or green space are essential as it has been demonstrated to facilitate better environments and outcomes for nurses. Evidence of the impact of nature is limited. However, the value of interactions with nature has been prioritised by the World Health Organization and so healthcare organizations should be considering overt and practical ways to ensure nurses, and other healthcare providers, are exposed to nature to contribute towards healthier environments.
Topics: Humans; Parks, Recreational; Adaptation, Psychological; Health Personnel; Workload; Nurses
PubMed: 36994545
DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16697 -
BMJ Open Aug 2023To elicit and value patient preferences for the processes and outcomes of surgical management of stress urinary incontinence in women. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
To elicit and value patient preferences for the processes and outcomes of surgical management of stress urinary incontinence in women.
DESIGN
A discrete choice experiment survey to elicit preferences for type of anaesthesia, postoperative recovery time, treatment success, adverse events, impact on daily activities and cost. An experimental design generated 40 choice tasks, and each respondent completed 1 block of 10 and 2 validity tests. Analysis was by multinomial logistical regression.
SETTING
N=21 UK hospitals.
PARTICIPANTS
N=325 adult women who were a subsample of those randomised to the single-incision mini-slings clinical trial.
OUTCOMES
Patient preferences; valuation obtained using willingness to pay.
RESULTS
N=227 of 325 (70%) returned a questionnaire, and 94% of those completed all choice tasks. Respondents preferred general anaesthesia, shorter recovery times, improved stress urinary incontinence symptoms and avoidance of adverse events. Women were willing to pay (mean (95% CI)) £76 (£33 to £119) per day of reduction in recovery time following surgery. They valued increases in Patient Global Impression of Improvement, ranging from £8173 (£5459 to £10 887) for 'improved' to £11 706 (£8267 to £15 144) for 'very much improved' symptoms, compared with no symptom improvement. This was offset by negative values attached to the avoidance of complications ranging between £-8022 (£-10 661 to £-5383) and £-10 632 (£-14 077 to £-7187) compared to no complications. Women valued treatments that reduced the need to avoid daily activities, with willingness to pay ranging from £-967 (£-2199 to £266) for rarely avoiding activities to £-5338 (£-7258 to £-3417) for frequently avoiding daily activities compared with no avoidance.
CONCLUSION
This discrete choice experiment demonstrates that patients place considerable value on improvement in stress urinary incontinence symptoms and avoidance of treatment complications. Trade-offs between symptom improvement and adverse event risk should be considered within shared decision-making. The willingness to pay values from this study can be used in future cost-benefit analyses.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
ISRCTN: 93264234; Post-results.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Patient Preference; Urinary Incontinence, Stress; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesiology; Cost-Benefit Analysis
PubMed: 37643846
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066157 -
BMC Endocrine Disorders Sep 2023The effect of stress on Graves' disease (GD) is controversial. Our purpose was to quantify the impacts of stress on patients with Graves' disease. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The effect of stress on Graves' disease (GD) is controversial. Our purpose was to quantify the impacts of stress on patients with Graves' disease.
METHODS
Systematic searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library and PsycInfo were conducted from inception to 1 January 2023. Studies comparing the incidence of stressful life events (SLEs) that occurred before diagnosis and during drug therapy in cases diagnosed with GD and controls were included in the final analysis.
RESULTS
Nine case-control studies and four cohort studies enrolling 2892 participants (1685 [58%] patients) were included. Meta-analysis revealed a high and significant effect-size index in a random effect model (d = 1.81, P = 0.01), indicating that stress is an important factor in the onset of GD. The relationship between SLEs and GD was stronger in studies with higher proportions of female patients (β = 0.22, P < 0.01) and weaker in studies with older patients with GD (β =-0.62, P < 0.01). However, stress did not significantly affect the outcome of antithyroid drug therapy for GD (d = 0.32, P = 0.09).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this meta-analysis suggest that stress is one of the environmental triggers for the onset of GD. Therefore, we recommend stress management assistance for individuals genetically susceptible to GD, especially for young females.
Topics: Humans; Female; Graves Disease; Antithyroid Agents; Case-Control Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease
PubMed: 37700292
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01450-y -
Current Heart Failure Reports Dec 2023Heart failure (HF) and erectile dysfunction (ED) are two common conditions that affect millions of men worldwide and impair their quality of life. ED is a frequent... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Heart failure (HF) and erectile dysfunction (ED) are two common conditions that affect millions of men worldwide and impair their quality of life. ED is a frequent complication of HF, as well as a possible predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. ED deserves more attention from clinicians and researchers.
RECENT FINDINGS
The pathophysiology of ED in HF involves multiple factors, such as endothelial dysfunction, reduced cardiac output, neurohormonal activation, autonomic imbalance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and drug side effects. The diagnosis of ED in HF patients should be based on validated questionnaires or objective tests, as part of the routine cardiovascular risk assessment. The therapeutic management of ED in HF patients should be individualized and multidisciplinary, considering the patient's preferences, expectations, comorbidities, and potential drug interactions. The first-line pharmacological treatment for ED in HF patients with mild to moderate symptoms (NYHA class I-II) is phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is), which improve both sexual function and cardiopulmonary parameters. PDE5Is are contraindicated in patients who use nitrates or nitric oxide donors for angina relief, and these patients should be advised to avoid sexual activity or to use alternative treatments for ED. Non-pharmacological treatments for ED, such as psychotherapy or couples therapy, should also be considered if there are significant psychosocial factors affecting the patient's sexual function or relationship. This review aims to summarize the most recent evidence regarding the prevalence of ED, the pathophysiology of this condition with an exhaustive analysis of factors involved in ED development in HF patients, a thorough discussion on diagnosis and management of ED in HF patients, providing practical recommendations for clinicians.
Topics: Male; Humans; Erectile Dysfunction; Heart Failure; Quality of Life; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 37962749
DOI: 10.1007/s11897-023-00632-y -
Academic Radiology Feb 2024What is play and why does it matter for radiologists? Play can take many forms in the workplace, including organic, managed, task-related, diversionary, and resistive... (Review)
Review
What is play and why does it matter for radiologists? Play can take many forms in the workplace, including organic, managed, task-related, diversionary, and resistive forms of play, and play may also take the form of authentic self-expression and creation. In this review article, we will discuss the benefits of play including improved problem solving, gaining perspective, and stress reduction, and also provide low-tech and high-tech examples of beneficial play for the radiology team in work and personal contexts.
Topics: Humans; Radiologists; Workplace
PubMed: 38401981
DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.11.039 -
Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin... Jun 2024The frequency and intensity of heat waves are currently increasing due to climate change. Hence more cases of heat illness are being observed, a potentially... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The frequency and intensity of heat waves are currently increasing due to climate change. Hence more cases of heat illness are being observed, a potentially life-threatening disease, which requires rapid and expert management.
OBJECTIVES
An overview of the pathophysiology and acute management of heat illness is presented.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Analysis and evaluation of important, recently published contributions, studies, and reviews regarding heat illness without claim for completeness or fulfilling the criteria for a 'systematic meta-analysis'. Presentation of a recommended clinical-practical classification and management of heat illness in emergency departments or intensive care units.
RESULTS
The manifestation of heat illness arising from prolonged exposure to heat prevaries (heat cramps, heat edema, heat exhaustion, heat stroke). The main pathophysiologic mechanisms are disruption of thermoregulation, peripheral vasodilation of the skin surface, hypoperfusion of visceral organs, and brain, and cardiac stress. Uncompensated heat stress can result in multiorgan dysfunction/failure syndrome due to the initiation of cytokine pathways, specifically in at-risk and/or chronically ill patients. The manifestation of uncompensated heat stroke is associated with a hospital mortality > 50%. Rapid identification, classification and targeted management are crucial for the outcome, in particular the initiation of adequate cooling measures.
CONCLUSION
In the future, increasing numbers of patients suffering from prolonged heat exposure will require treatment in emergency departments and intensive care units. Sufficient professional knowledge regarding pathophysiology and management are decisive for successful therapy. Hence, the topic heat illness should be implemented in training and education.
Topics: Humans; Heat Stress Disorders; Heat Stroke; Multiple Organ Failure; Heat Exhaustion; Body Temperature Regulation; Critical Care; Emergency Service, Hospital
PubMed: 37831067
DOI: 10.1007/s00063-023-01072-1 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Flax is an important crop cultivated for its seeds and fibers. It is widely grown in temperate regions, with an increase in cultivation areas for seed production... (Review)
Review
Flax is an important crop cultivated for its seeds and fibers. It is widely grown in temperate regions, with an increase in cultivation areas for seed production (linseed) in the past 50 years and for fiber production (fiber flax) in the last decade. Among fiber-producing crops, fiber flax is the most valuable species. Linseed is the highest omega-3 oleaginous crop, and its consumption provides several benefits for animal and human health. However, flax production is impacted by various abiotic and biotic factors that affect yield and quality. Among biotic factors, eukaryotic diseases pose a significant threat to both seed production and fiber quality, which highlights the economic importance of controlling these diseases. This review focuses on the major eukaryotic diseases that affect flax in the field, describing the pathogens, their transmission modes and the associated plant symptoms. Moreover, this article aims to identify the challenges in disease management and provide future perspectives to overcome these biotic stresses in flax cultivation. By emphasizing the key diseases and their management, this review can aid in promoting sustainable and profitable flax production.
PubMed: 37570965
DOI: 10.3390/plants12152811