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PloS One 2023Parkinson's disease is neurodegenerative, complex and progressive, manifesting in a slow and irreversible way. Physical exercise has been proposed as therapeutic... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Parkinson's disease is neurodegenerative, complex and progressive, manifesting in a slow and irreversible way. Physical exercise has been proposed as therapeutic alternative to people with Parkinson´s disease.
OBJECTIVE
To synthesize knowledge about the effects of physical exercise on people with Parkinson´s Disease as presented by published systematic reviews.
METHODS
Nine electronic databases and two grey literature databases were searched for systematic reviews reporting the effects of physical exercises on people with Parkinson´s Disease. Searches involved a two-phase process, by, at least, two independent reviewers. Methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was assessed using AMSTAR-2.
RESULTS
From 2,122 systematic reviews, 139 were included. Motor outcomes were assessed in 91% of the studies, with balance being the most studied. Non-motor outcomes were assessed in 68% of the studies, with emphasis on quality of life. Physical exercises were classified into five categories: aerobic exercises, strength, combined, sensorimotor activities and other activity protocols. Findings of the systematic reviews suggest that all exercise categories can be prescribed to improve balance and mobility, while combined exercises, strength, and specific activities improve both motor and non-motor outcomes, and aerobic exercise and sensorimotor activities improve motor outcomes.
CONCLUSION
Current evidence from systematic reviews suggests that physical exercises impacts both motor and non-motor outcomes in people with Parkinson´s Disease. Limits in evidence provided by the systematic reviews were related to methodological issues and to the description of the interventions and must be considered to improve decision-making and clinical application.
Topics: Humans; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Parkinson Disease; Quality of Life; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 37917715
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293826 -
Behavioural Brain Research Jan 2024Gait termination requires an interaction between the biomechanical and neuromuscular systems to arrest forward momentum. Currently, the biomechanical characteristics of...
Gait termination requires an interaction between the biomechanical and neuromuscular systems to arrest forward momentum. Currently, the biomechanical characteristics of gait termination have been demonstrated; however, the neural mechanism of gait termination remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate cortical activity during gait termination using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Thirteen healthy younger adults (mean age:24.0 ± 1.7) participated in this study. All participants performed three experimental sessions: planned gait termination (PGT), unplanned gait termination (UGT), and walking. Each experimental session comprised a block paradigm design (three cycles; 20 s resting, 45 s task). Cortical activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), supplementary motor area (SMA), and primary motor cortex (M1) and spatiotemporal parameters were measured. We compared the cortical activities and spatiotemporal parameters among PGT, UGT, and walking sessions. In addition, we performed Pearson correlations between hemodynamic responses and spatiotemporal parameters. The PGT was activated in the right DLPFC, whereas the UGT and walking were activated in the left SMA (p < 0.05). Comparing cortical activation between sessions, both the PGT and UGT showed significantly higher activation in the right DLPFC than during walking (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in cortical activity between PGT and UGT (p > 0.05). In addition, the gait termination time revealed moderate positive correlation with hemodynamic responses in the right DLPFC (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that the right DLPFC is associated with gait termination, regardless of gait termination type. Our findings provide the potential implication that the hemodynamic response in the right DLPFC would be a biomarker to evaluate the ability of gait termination.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Young Adult; Walking; Gait; Motor Cortex; Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex; Prefrontal Cortex
PubMed: 37813283
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114701 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Oct 2023To examine the association of leisure-time physical activity with mortality from influenza and pneumonia.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association of leisure-time physical activity with mortality from influenza and pneumonia.
METHODS
A nationally representative sample of US adults (aged ≥18 years) who participated in the National Health Interview Survey from 1998 to 2018 were followed for mortality through 2019. Participants were classified as meeting both physical activity guidelines if they reported ≥150 min/week of moderate-intensity equivalent aerobic physical activity and ≥2 episodes/week of muscle-strengthening activity. Participants were also classified into five volume-based categories of self-reported aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity. Influenza and pneumonia mortality was defined as having an underlying cause of death with an International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code of J09-J18 recorded in the National Death Index. Mortality risk was assessed using Cox proportional hazards, adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, health conditions and influenza and pneumococcal vaccination status. Data were analysed in 2022.
RESULTS
Among 577 909 participants followed for a median of 9.23 years, 1516 influenza and pneumonia deaths were recorded. Compared with participants meeting neither guideline, those meeting both guidelines had 48% lower adjusted risk of influenza and pneumonia mortality. Relative to no aerobic activity, 10-149, 150-300, 301-600 and >600 min/week were associated with lower risk (by 21%, 41%, 50% and 41%). Relative to <2 episodes/week of muscle-strengthening activity, 2 episodes/week was associated with 47% lower risk and ≥7 episodes/week with 41% higher risk.
CONCLUSIONS
Aerobic physical activity, even at quantities below the recommended level, may be associated with lower influenza and pneumonia mortality while muscle-strengthening activity demonstrated a J-shaped relationship.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Cohort Studies; Influenza, Human; Motor Activity; Exercise; Leisure Activities
PubMed: 37192831
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106644 -
The Impact of Stretching Intensities on Neural and Autonomic Responses: Implications for Relaxation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Stretching is an effective exercise for increasing body flexibility and pain relief. This study investigates the relationship between stretching intensity and relaxation...
Stretching is an effective exercise for increasing body flexibility and pain relief. This study investigates the relationship between stretching intensity and relaxation effects, focusing on brainwaves and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. We used a crossover design with low- and high-intensity conditions to elucidate the impact of varying stretching intensities on neural activity associated with relaxation in 19 healthy young adults. Participants completed mood questionnaires. Electroencephalography (EEG) and plethysmography measurements were also obtained before, during, and after stretching sessions. The hamstring muscle was targeted for stretching, with intensity conditions based on the Point of Discomfort. Data analysis included wavelet analysis for EEG, plethysmography data, and repeated-measures ANOVA to differentiate mood, ANS activity, and brain activity related to stretching intensity. Results demonstrated no significant differences between ANS and brain activity based on stretching intensity. However, sympathetic nervous activity showed higher activity during the rest phases than in the stretch phases. Regarding brain activity, alpha and beta waves showed higher activity during the rest phases than in the stretch phases. A negative correlation between alpha waves and sympathetic nervous activities was observed in high-intensity conditions. However, a positive correlation between beta waves and parasympathetic nervous activities was found in low-intensity conditions. Our findings suggest that stretching can induce interactions between the ANS and brain activity.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Autonomic Nervous System; Electroencephalography; Exercise; Hamstring Muscles; Muscle Stretching Exercises; Sympathetic Nervous System; Cross-Over Studies
PubMed: 37571672
DOI: 10.3390/s23156890 -
Musculoskeletal Science & Practice Aug 2023Because disability in Osteoarthritis (OA) may change physical activity (PA), which might affect the disease progression, it is important to measure a patient's daily PA...
BACKGROUND
Because disability in Osteoarthritis (OA) may change physical activity (PA), which might affect the disease progression, it is important to measure a patient's daily PA to study the relationship between a patient's PA and disease progression.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between PA and patients with OA and people without OA using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
METHODS
Demographic study was conducted to obtain data of comorbidities of participants. PA was compared between the group with OA (OA group) and the group without OA (non-OA group). In addition, PAs of OA patients with comorbidities and those without comorbidities were compared. The cut-off of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was obtained through a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
RESULTS
In the demographic study, there were significantly more educated participants in the OA group (p < .001). Actigraph data showed a significant decrease in MVPA (p < .001) but a significant increase in light activity (p = .002) in the OA group. In addition, the OA group showed significantly lower light PA but significantly higher MVPA in ≥10 min bout length. OA patients with comorbidities showed higher MVPA than OA patients without comorbidities (p = .044). The cut-off point of MVPA was 7.071 min/day when ROC curve was conducted.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study suggests that patients with OA and low activity need a certain level of physical activity and a cut-off point for MVPA is presented which accounts for comorbidities in OA patients.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Exercise; Motor Activity; Osteoarthritis; Accelerometry
PubMed: 37352763
DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102808 -
Journal of Clinical Nursing Dec 2023The aim of this research study is to collaboratively generate insights in the current institutional long-term care environment for activity and mobility of older adults,...
AIM(S)
The aim of this research study is to collaboratively generate insights in the current institutional long-term care environment for activity and mobility of older adults, and of solutions that could be used to increase the activity and improve the mobility of the older adults.
DESIGN
This research constitutes a qualitative study with a critical approach.
METHODS
Data were collected using photo-elicitation in four long-term care units in Finland during the spring of 2022. Older adults participated in individual data collection sessions which combined photographing and discussion. Staff members individually took photographs and later participated in a group discussion based on the photographs. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse all data together.
RESULTS
Ten older adults and 12 staff members participated in the research study. Four themes were identified: (1) facilities should be designed and equipped for their users, (2) moving in the institutional environment, (3) passivity as a norm, and (4) nurses should act differently and have the resources to do so.
CONCLUSION
To increase the activity and improve the mobility of older adults, improvements are needed in terms of the design of facilities, opportunities for freedom of movement, outdoor activity, daily life activities, exercise, nurses' role in activating older adults and resources.
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE
Increased attention to the support of activity and mobility could benefit older adults in institutional long-term care. Physical activity promotion should be incorporated as an integral part of nursing practice.
PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
Directors of units were consulted when planning the study. Older adults and nurses contributed to the data collection and interpretation of data.
IMPACT
(ADDRESSING): What problem did the study address? ○Older adults have recurrently been reported as living inactive lives in institutional long-term care. ○There is evidence of the relationship between the environment and the activity and mobility of older adults, but there seems to be a research-practice gap in terms of implementing activity- and mobility-promoting environments. ○Older adults and staff members are important in developing practice and change-oriented knowledge that can be used to increase the activity and improve the mobility of older adults in institutional long-term care. What were the main findings? ○Various environmental improvements are recommended to increase the activity and improve the mobility of older adults in institutional long-term care settings. ○Improvements for the design of facilities, opportunities for freedom of movement, outdoor activity, daily life activities, exercise, nurses' role in activating older adults and resources for activity support would benefit older adults' activity and mobility. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? ○Increasing the activity of older adults requires better activity promotion and mobility support by nurses in institutional care. Sufficient education and resources should be organized for activity promotion, in addition to a care and organizational culture that values activity. ○Environmental aspects to promote activity and mobility need to be considered already at the planning, building and renovating phases of facilities. ○Policymakers and care organizers should consider evidence of the harms and benefits of different institutional living environments when making decisions on organizing care.
REPORTING METHOD
The study is reported using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).
Topics: Humans; Aged; Long-Term Care; Skilled Nursing Facilities; Exercise; Finland
PubMed: 37698144
DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16866 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2023Fine motor performance may serve as an early warning sign for reduced cognitive function. Physical activity can help preserve cognitive function; however, the...
BACKGROUND
Fine motor performance may serve as an early warning sign for reduced cognitive function. Physical activity can help preserve cognitive function; however, the relationship between fine motor performance and physical activity is not well understood. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between fine motor performance and physical activity in individuals at risk for developing cognitive impairment (those with diabetes and/or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Individuals aged 25-69 with and without diabetes and NAFLD were enrolled. For this cross-sectional study, all participants completed the Human Activity Profile and fine motor performance tasks (Grooved Pegboard Test and Trail Making Test).
RESULTS
There were 93 participants in the study (NAFLD only ( = 29); diabetes + NAFLD ( = 34), controls ( = 30)). Individuals with both diabetes and NAFLD were less physically active and performed slower on the fine motor performance task. A statistically significant correlation was found between physical activity and motor speed among those with NAFLD only ( = 0.436, <.05), which remained statistically significant after controlling for body mass index ( = 0.385; <.05).
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that those with diabetes + NAFLD have lower levels of physical activity and slower fine motor performance. The relationship between physical activity and fine motor performance was only statistically significant in the group of individuals with NAFLD only. Future research needs to explore the mechanisms that impact fine motor performance and physical activity in individuals at risk for mild cognitive impairment. Individuals with diabetes and/or NAFLD should be identified, advised and encouraged to engage in physical activity.Key MessagesThose with NAFLD and T2DM have lower levels of physical activity and slower fine motor performance compared to controls and those with NAFLD only.Future research needs to explore the mechanisms that impact fine motor performance and physical activity in those with T2DM with or without NAFLD.Individuals with impaired fine motor performance should be identified and encouraged to engage in physical activity.
Topics: Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cognitive Dysfunction; Exercise
PubMed: 36974658
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2193422 -
COPD Dec 2023The association between physical activity in daily life (PADL) and simple functional tests is not yet clearly understood in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary...
The association between physical activity in daily life (PADL) and simple functional tests is not yet clearly understood in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of two functional tests (Sit-to-Stand test [STS] and the 4-Metre Gait Speed test [4MGS]) with PADL, as well as to identify whether these tests can discriminate those subjects who are physically inactive. In this cross-sectional study, 28 subjects with COPD performed the five repetitions Sit-to-Stand (STS5r), the 4MGS and used the DynaPort activity monitor for 7 days in order to assess PADL. Walking time, movement intensity while walking (MI) and Physical Activity Level index (PAL) were considered as PADL outcomes. STS5r and 4MGS, respectively, were significantly associated with walking time (R = 0.16; = 0.024 and R = 0.25; = 0.006) and PAL index (R = 0.17; = 0.002 and R = 0.30; = 0.003), whereas movement intensity was associated only with the 4MGS (R = 0.23; = 0.009). Additionally, both tests were able to discriminate physically inactive subjects (cutoffs: STS5r = 11.48s [AUC = 0.73]; 4MGS = 1.09m/s [AUC = 0.88]). In conclusion, STS5r and 4MGS can predict up to 30% of PADL in subjects with COPD. Both tests are related to PADL duration (e.g. time spent walking), while only the 4MGS reflects movement intensity. Both tests presented discriminative capacity to identify subjects with worse PADL pattern.
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Walking; Exercise Test
PubMed: 37166420
DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2023.2165905 -
Gut and Liver Jul 2023This study aimed to examine the independent and synergistic association of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
This study aimed to examine the independent and synergistic association of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using a nationwide representative database.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey between 2007 and 2010. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the independent and synergistic (additive interaction) associations of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise with NAFLD after adjusting for multiple covariates.
RESULTS
The prevalence of NAFLD was 26.2% for men and 17.6% for women. In the fully adjusted multiple logistic regression model to examine the independent association of aerobic physical activity or resistance exercise with NAFLD, the odds ratios for NAFLD were significantly decreased in both men (p=0.03) and women (p<0.01) who had highly active aerobic physical activity. Regarding the frequency of resistance exercise, the odds ratio for NAFLD was decreased in men who did resistance exercise ≥5 days per week (p=0.04), but not in women (p=0.19). However, when investigating the synergistic associations of aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise, the odds ratios for NAFLD significantly decreased when the frequency of both exercises increased together in both men (p for interaction <0.01) and women (p for interaction<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Combining aerobic physical activity and resistance exercise had a synergistic preventive association for NAFLD in Korean men and women.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Resistance Training; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise
PubMed: 36928126
DOI: 10.5009/gnl220345 -
The Journal of School Health Oct 2023The System of Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY) has assisted in providing valid and reliable data of youth physical activity and characteristics... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The System of Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY) has assisted in providing valid and reliable data of youth physical activity and characteristics specific to environmental contexts. The review aimed to examine empirical research that employed the SOPLAY instrument to measure physical activity in leisure-based activity environments in North American countries.
METHODS
The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. A systematic search was conducted with an exhaustive process using 10 electronic databases to locate peer-reviewed studies implementing SOPLAY that were published between 2000 and 2021.
RESULTS
A total of 60 studies were included in the review. Most studies (n = 35) reported physical activity findings related to contextual characteristics measured using SOPLAY. Interestingly, a few of the studies (n = 8) found the provision of equipment and supervision, particularly adult supervision, significantly increased child physical activity observed.
CONCLUSIONS
This review provides information relative to the group-level physical activity observed across multiple contexts (ie, playgrounds, parks, recreation centers) using a validated direct observation instrument.
Topics: Child; Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Motor Activity; Canada; Leisure Activities; Exercise; Observation
PubMed: 37340586
DOI: 10.1111/josh.13345