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Perceptual and Motor Skills Oct 2023Our aim in this study was to examine relationships between the motor activity ability, sensor-based kinematics and forward-backwards gait characteristics of children...
Our aim in this study was to examine relationships between the motor activity ability, sensor-based kinematics and forward-backwards gait characteristics of children with cerebral palsy (CP). In this prospective cross-sectional study we studied 40 children with CP. We used the Pediatric Motor Activity Log Revised (PMAL-R) to assess motor activity, evaluated motion kinematics (acceleration and angular velocity) with a sensor-based application, applied the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS) and the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) to observe gait performance, and used the Three Meter Backward Walk Test (3MBWT) to assess backward gait. We found moderately positive significant correlations (r = 0.416, r = 0.418, < 0.05) between the chilidren's minimum angular velocity on PMAL-R motor activity frequency (how often) and quality (how well) scores, respectively. We also found moderately negative significant correlations (r = -0.529, r = -0.521, < 0.05) between PMAL-R frequency (how often) and quality (how well) scores with TUG, respectively. There were moderately high positive correlations (r = 0.415, r = 0.726, < 0.05) between EVGS scores and 3MBWT and TUG scores, respectively. We concluded that angular velocity ability was moderately related to children's motor activity and showed that physical performance tests (TUG and 3MBWT) could monitor gait function and upper extremity motor activity level, including both forward and backward walking tasks, in children with CP.
Topics: Child; Humans; Walking; Prospective Studies; Cerebral Palsy; Cross-Sectional Studies; Biomechanical Phenomena; Postural Balance; Time and Motion Studies; Gait
PubMed: 37490931
DOI: 10.1177/00315125231191152 -
Research Quarterly For Exercise and... Sep 2023Research combining physical activity with the training of cognitive skills such as executive functions is emerging as a novel and fruitful intervention approach for... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research combining physical activity with the training of cognitive skills such as executive functions is emerging as a novel and fruitful intervention approach for children. This study aimed to examine the impact of an intervention program including cognitively engaging physical activity on preschool children's cognitive outcomes and physical activity. Children (N = 144, 65 female; = 4.41 years, = 0.61), randomly assigned to one of three groups: cognitively engaging physical activity (CPA; i.e., storytelling, cognitive activities, and motor tasks, n = 55), cognition (i.e., storytelling and cognitive activities without motor tasks, n = 48), or control (i.e., traditional storytelling, n = 41). Sessions lasted approximately 17 minutes, conducted twice a week, for 6 weeks. Children's executive function, self-regulation, and related outcomes (i.e., numeracy) were assessed at baseline and again-along with perceived enjoyment-at the end of the program. Accelerometers measured children's physical activity during each session. Teachers completed a logbook for each session, and two fidelity checks per preschool took place by the researcher. Main analyses used linear mixed models adjusted for covariates (age, sex) and clustering at the preschool level. Results showed no significant group by time interaction for executive function, self-regulation, numeracy, enjoyment. During the sessions, children in the CPA group were more physically active than children in the cognition and control groups. While we did not find the expected amplified cognitive benefits, making storytelling more active has the potential to meet two needs (increase cognitive stimulation and physical activity levels) in one deed.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Cognition; Executive Function; Exercise; Schools; Male
PubMed: 35522990
DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2059435 -
BMC Public Health Jul 2023Cardiovascular disease and obesity are both significantly influenced by physical inactivity. A rapidly expanding corpus of research contends that features of the built...
INTRODUCTION
Cardiovascular disease and obesity are both significantly influenced by physical inactivity. A rapidly expanding corpus of research contends that features of the built environment might encourage adolescents to lead active lives. There are still issues with the present evidence for determining which aspects of the built environment give adolescents the opportunity to engage in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). This study looked at the relationship between the characteristics of the built environment and moderate-to-vigorous leisure-time physical activity (Leisure-time MVPA) of adolescents.
METHODS
2628 adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18 were chosen as study participants from 19 Suzhou urban communities. They must have resided in the neighborhood for longer than six months and be permanent residents there. The International Physical Activities Questionnaire (n = 2628) and the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Chinese Children (NEWS-CC) were used to collect the data. LTPA are connected to different modes: Walking, leisure-time MPA, and leisure-time VPA. Univariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression were used to screen for potential associations between the built environment and the leisure-time MVPA in adolescents.
RESULTS
Univariate analysis of the general demographic and built environment showed statistically significant differences in gender, residential density, accessibility, pedestrian safety, aesthetic and security (P < 0.05). Step by walking reference category, security (P < 0.05, OR = 1.131) were associated with adolescents' leisure-time MPA, aesthetics (P < 0.05, OR = 1.187) were associated with adolescents' leisure-time VPA, they both have a significant positive correlation.
CONCLUSION
Security was positively associated with adolescents' leisure-time MPA, aesthetics was positively associated with adolescents' leisure-time VPA. This suggests that built environment may associated with leisure-time MVPA of Suzhou adolescents.
Topics: Humans; Built Environment; Exercise; Leisure Activities; Residence Characteristics; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Female; Child; Adolescent; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 37424006
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16243-0 -
Health & Place Sep 2023Few studies have explicitly quantified the proportion of park-based physical activity to park users' overall physical activity levels. Population studies need new...
BACKGROUND
Few studies have explicitly quantified the proportion of park-based physical activity to park users' overall physical activity levels. Population studies need new context-specific physical activity measurement tools to achieve this. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable measure of self-reported park use and physical activity undertaken within and outside of parks to determine the contribution that park-based physical activity makes to overall physical activity levels.
METHODS
A test-retest reliability study (n = 104) was conducted using the Park Physical Activity Questionnaire (Park-PAQ), an instrument based on the Active Australia Survey. Park-PAQ items captured the frequency and duration of walking for recreation or exercise, walking for transport, moderate and vigorous physical activity and strength, conditioning and balance activities done in parks and elsewhere.
RESULTS
Recall of doing any walking for recreation (kappa = 0.649, p < 0.001) and any vigorous physical activity (kappa = 0.772, p < 0.001) was 'substantial', recall of doing any moderate physical activity (kappa = 0.553, p < 0.001) was 'moderate/acceptable', and recall of any walking for transport (kappa = 0.840, p < 0.001) 'near perfect'. Recall of the time spent walking for recreation in parks (ICC = 0.928, p < 0.001) was 'near perfect', whilst recall of time spent doing moderate activity in parks (ICC = 0.925, p < 0.001) and vigorous activity in parks (ICC = 0.962, p < 0.001) was 'near perfect'. Time spent walking for transport in a park (ICC = 0.200, p = 0.056) showed 'poor' agreement. Repeatability of the usual level of park use was 'substantial' (kappa = 0.744).
CONCLUSIONS
The Park-PAQ reliably measures six domains of physical activity and quantifies the proportion of physical activity done in parks as a proportion of total physical activity. The Park-PAQ, used alone or embedded into park or physical activity surveys, will reliably capture context-specific activities that will optimise population level physical activity interventions, park programming and park management and design.
Topics: Humans; Recreation; Reproducibility of Results; Exercise; Walking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Parks, Recreational; Environment Design; Residence Characteristics
PubMed: 37523876
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103085 -
BMC Public Health Mar 2024Currently, there are many different findings on the relationship between physical activity and depression, and there may be differences between genders. This study...
BACKGROUND
Currently, there are many different findings on the relationship between physical activity and depression, and there may be differences between genders. This study therefore focused on gender differences to understand the relationship between physical activity behaviour and the risk of depression in married individuals.
METHODS
15607 married people in the China Family Panel Studies 2020 (CFPS 2020) were used to understand the relationship between physical activity and depression risk in different populations, and the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and binary logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between physical activity and depression risk in the married population.
RESULTS
527 (6.64%) women were at high risk of depression and 365 (4.76%) men were at high risk of depression; physical activity was associated with the risk of depression in the married population, but after incorporating demographic and relevant cognitive variables, physical activity was negatively associated with the risk of depression in women (OR = 0.94, P < 0.01) but not statistically significant with the risk of depression in men (OR = 0.96, P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Physical activity was directly related to the risk of depression in married women, but not in married men.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Depression; Marriage; Exercise; Motor Activity; Research Design
PubMed: 38491473
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18339-7 -
Clinical Rehabilitation Dec 2023This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to identify the physical functioning factors associated with home discharge after inpatient stroke rehabilitation. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to identify the physical functioning factors associated with home discharge after inpatient stroke rehabilitation.
DATA SOURCES
A search of PubMed, Embase, CINHAL, The Cochrane Library (Trials), Web of Science, and PEDro were conducted up until May 2023.
METHODS
Two independent reviewers selected studies for population (patients with stroke), predictive factors (physical functioning), outcome (discharge destination), setting (inpatient rehabilitation), and study designs (observational and experimental studies). Predictive factors were identified among assessments of the "body function" and "activity" components of the International Classification of Functioning. Methodological quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The findings used quantitative and narrative syntheses. Meta-analyses were performed with the inverse variance method and the random-effects model using included studies with sufficient data.
RESULTS
Forty-five studies were included with 204,787 participants. Included studies assessed the association of independence in activities of daily living, walking, rolling, transferring, and balance on admission with a probability of returning home. Motor (odds ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.12-1.35, < .001) and total (odds ratio = 1.34, 95% confidence interval: 1.14-1.57, < .001) Functional Independence Measure scores on admission were significantly associated with home discharge in meta-analyses. Additionally, included studies showed that independence in motor activities, such as sitting, transferring, and walking, and scores above thresholds for the Functional Independence Measure and Berg Balance Scale on admission were associated with discharge destination.
CONCLUSION
This review showed that higher independence in activities of daily living on admission is associated with home discharge after inpatient stroke rehabilitation.
Topics: Humans; Stroke Rehabilitation; Activities of Daily Living; Stroke; Patient Discharge; Walking
PubMed: 37424501
DOI: 10.1177/02692155231185446 -
PloS One 2023Increased time at home during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly decreased children's physical activity. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Increased time at home during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly decreased children's physical activity. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of children's home-based physical activity interventions, and identify 'active ingredients' underpinning these.
METHODS
Databases searched-AMED, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science, from inception until June 2022. Eligibility criteria-children aged 2-16 years, targeting home-based physical activity, a control group, and physical activity measured pre- and post- intervention. Studies were excluded if it was not possible to identify change in physical activity at home. The review was written following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance. Study quality was evaluated using the quality assessment tool for quantitative studies. Study design, intervention characteristics, outcome data, behavior change theory, Behavior Change Techniques (BCTs) and process evaluation data were extracted and discussed using narrative syntheses.
RESULTS
13 studies (including 1,182 participants) from 25,967 were included. Interventions primarily involved active video games, with the addition of coaching or telehealth support (n = 5). Three of the 13 studies significantly increased children's physical activity (1 = Moderate to vigorous physical activity, 2 = total volume, P<0.05). The largest effect size (d = 3.45) was for moderate to vigorous physical activity. 29% of BCTs were identified across included interventions; the most common being adding objects to the environment. The most effective intervention scored strong for design quality, incorporated telehealth coaching, and included the most commonly coded BCTs. Variation among studies and insufficient reporting of data made a meta-analysis unfeasible.
CONCLUSION
COVID-19 emphasized the importance of the home for physical activity. Whilst effectiveness of interventions was limited, building social support and self-efficacy are mechanisms that should be explored further. The review provides recommendations to improve the design and evaluation of future interventions.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Prospero registration number: CRD42020193110.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; COVID-19; Exercise; Motor Activity; Pandemics; Social Support
PubMed: 37556477
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289831 -
Medicine and Science in Sports and... Nov 2023Differential effects on fitness are hypothesized to contribute to the opposing health effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and occupational physical activity...
PURPOSE
Differential effects on fitness are hypothesized to contribute to the opposing health effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and occupational physical activity (OPA). As such, this study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of fitness with LTPA and OPA.
METHODS
This study examined fitness associations with LTPA and OPA across 13 yr in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (years 7 (baseline), 10, 15, and 20 (follow-up) examinations). Fitness was measured at baseline and follow-up via symptom-limited maximal graded exercise test (GXT) duration (in seconds), whereas LTPA and OPA were self-reported during each examination. Baseline and follow-up cross-sectional associations of LTPA (low, medium, high) and OPA (0, 1-6, and ≥6 months with OPA) with fitness were examined using linear regression. Longitudinal linear regression examined associations between 13-yr LTPA (low, medium, or high) and OPA (no, decreasing, or increasing) trajectories with fitness at follow-up, adjusted for baseline values. All models adjusted for center, sex, race, age, education, smoking history, alcohol intake, resting blood pressure, diabetes status, and body mass index. Stratified analyses examined associations by sex (female/male), race (Black/White), and LTPA groups.
RESULTS
Compared with low, medium, and high LTPA were positively associated with fitness in all analyses ( P < 0.001). Reporting 1-6 or ≥6 months with OPA was negatively associated with fitness in cross-sectional follow-up models ( β = -15.6 and -15.4, respectively; P ≤ 0.01). Longitudinally, those with increasing OPA had lower follow-up fitness compared with no OPA ( β = -16.41, P < 0.01). Negative associations of OPA with fitness were not meaningfully different across sex and race groups. Significant LTPA-OPA interactions were observed ( P < 001).
CONCLUSIONS
Physical activity research and public health promotion should consider domain-specific associations on cardiovascular health.
Topics: Young Adult; Humans; Male; Female; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Leisure Activities; Cross-Sectional Studies; Motor Activity; Exercise; Physical Fitness
PubMed: 37343382
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003237 -
Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England) Aug 2023Obesity is a major public health issue, which is associated with several chronic diseases. In rodents, voluntary wheel running (VWR) is a type of exercise that...
AIM
Obesity is a major public health issue, which is associated with several chronic diseases. In rodents, voluntary wheel running (VWR) is a type of exercise that influences ingestive behavior. This study aims to investigate the possible function of VWR activity in the perception of fat taste and if it mitigates the immediate effects of fatty acid (FA) ingestion.
METHODS
Male C57BL/6 mice were arbitrarily assigned to either a sedentary (SED) lifestyle or free access to a running wheel after 5 weeks of dietary regimen. Later these mice groups were used in the investigations on fat preference, metabolic tolerance, and electrophysiology. Diet-induced alterations in CD36 and GPR120 expression that are related to fat perception and the capacitative calcium signaling caused by FA in taste bud cells (TBCs) were also examined.
RESULTS
In obese groups, VWR temporarily reduced body weight, demonstrated improvement in preference scores for FA, and recovered from a deterioration in glucose homeostasis. In CD36-positive TBCs, electrophysiological investigations showed alterations in [Ca ]i caused by FA. Further, in the TBCs of circumvallate papillae, there are differences in the expression of the genes CD36 and GPR120 between the active and SED controls. Obese mice also show lower incentive salience for long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and adapted to the reward system of VWR which may lead to improved incentive salience accredited to wheel running.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that VWR causes orosensory adaptations to fat and appears to alter taste preference for LCFAs.
Topics: Male; Mice; Animals; Fatty Acids; Dietary Fats; Motor Activity; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Taste Perception; Obesity
PubMed: 36971699
DOI: 10.1111/apha.13968 -
BMC Public Health Oct 2023Promoting physical activity in urban India is imperative considering the burden of non-communicable diseases in the country. Planning for improving population level...
BACKGROUND
Promoting physical activity in urban India is imperative considering the burden of non-communicable diseases in the country. Planning for improving population level physical activity needs sound understanding of availability and quality of resources/facilities for physical activity and knowing people's perception and practices regarding the physical activity.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Kolar city of Karnataka state in India. All the resources/facilities required for supporting physical activity were mapped and their quality was assessed utilizing adapted version of physical activity resource assessment questionnaire. The information regarding latitude, longitude and approximate size of the resource was obtained using a hand-held GPS tracker. 495 individuals aged ≥ 18 years, selected by two stage cluster random sampling with probability proportionate to population size technique, were interviewed to assess their perception and practices regarding physical activity using semi-structured questionnaire and global physical activity questionnaire.
RESULTS
Kolar city has 36.3 physical activity resources per lakh population and per person availability of park and playground area was 0.4 Sq. meters. Available resources were concentrated in the center of the city. Half of the sports facilities and 14 of the 17 recreational facilities in the city were of poor to mediocre quality. 38.2% of adults in Kolar city were found to be physically active. Only 19.2% of the study participants had accessed sports/fitness facilities/playgrounds in past 3 months and only 18.8% of the study participants accessed parks in the previous 3 months. 28.6% to 59.1% of the participants preferred 'walking' for work, college and shopping. Less than 5% of the participants preferred and used cycle as a mode of transport. 1/3 of the study participants felt that Kolar city is safe of walking and 44.6% felt that the city is safe for cycling.
CONCLUSION
Creating enabling environment by increasing the number and quality of resources/facilities for physical activity along with their equitable distribution is required to promote and improve population level physical activity in Kolar city. Urban planning with a focus on non-motorized transport including walking would contribute to improved people's perception and practices regarding physical activity in the city.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; India; Exercise; Walking; Perception; Environment Design; Residence Characteristics
PubMed: 37821888
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16846-7