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BMJ Open Sep 2023The aim of the study was to evaluate concurrent changes in physical activity and self-rated health during retirement transition over 4 years by multivariate trajectory...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to evaluate concurrent changes in physical activity and self-rated health during retirement transition over 4 years by multivariate trajectory analysis and to examine whether sociodemographic and lifestyle factors predict the probability of being classified to a certain subgroup of observed changes.
DESIGN
Prospective cohort study.
SETTING
Public sector employees.
PARTICIPANTS
3550 participants of the Finnish Retirement and Aging study.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES
Participants estimated on a yearly questionnaire their weekly hours of different types of activities converted to metabolic equivalent of task-hour/week. Self-rated health was assessed on a 5-point Likert-like scale from poor to excellent and dichotomised as suboptimal and optimal. Multivariate trajectory analysis was used to distinguish different subgroups of trajectories. Multinomial regression analysis was used to describe the associations between covariates and the probability of being classified to a certain trajectory group.
RESULTS
Three trajectory groups were identified, all displaying increasing activity during retirement with a simultaneous decrease in perceived suboptimal health. Physical activity peaked at 18 months after retirement and then slightly decreased, except for initially highly physically active participants (9%) with good self-rated health, who demonstrated a constant high level of physical activity. Male gender, professional occupation, being married or cohabiting, body mass index <30 kg/m, not smoking and using alcohol below risk levels were associated with higher physical activity and better self-rated health.
CONCLUSION
Changes in physical activity and perceived health during retirement transition were interconnected. Both were improved during retirement transition, but the change was temporary. Longer follow-up studies are required to assess the changes over a longer period after retirement.
Topics: Humans; Male; Retirement; Cohort Studies; Prospective Studies; Public Sector; Exercise
PubMed: 37775283
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073876 -
PeerJ 2023Existing assertions about the relationship between various factors of the built environment and physical activity behaviors are inconsistent and warrant further... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Existing assertions about the relationship between various factors of the built environment and physical activity behaviors are inconsistent and warrant further exploration and analysis.
METHODS
This study systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar for the effect of the built environment on the physical activity behaviors of older adults. R software was used to calculate the meta-estimated odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Simultaneously, the quality of included studies was evaluated using an observational study quality evaluation standard recommended by American health care quality and research institutions.
RESULTS
A total of 16 original researches were included in this meta-analysis and eight factors of the built environment were evaluated. These factors which ranked from high to low according to their impact were traffic safety (OR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.14-2.20]), destination accessibility (OR = 1.24, 95% CI [1.06-1.44]), aesthetics of sports venues (OR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.07-1.37]), virescence of sports venues (OR = 1.14, 95% CI [1.06-1.23]), building density (OR = 1.07, 95% CI [1.02-1.13]). Additionally, it seemed that there was no potential association between mixed land use (OR = 1.01, 95% CI [0.92-1.10]), the quality of pedestrian facilities (OR = 1.00, 95% CI [0.92-1.08]) or commercial facilities (OR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.88-1.00]) and physical activity behaviors of older adults.
CONCLUSIONS
The built environment has been found to exhibit a significant relationship with the physical activity behaviors of older adults. It is proposed that factors such as traffic safety, destination accessibility, aesthetics of sports venues, virescence of sports venues, and building density be given more consideration when aiming to promote physical activity levels among older adults.
Topics: Walking; Motor Activity; Built Environment; Sports; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 37780389
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16173 -
BMJ Open Jun 2024Numerous reports have described injuries and illnesses in competitive athletes, but studies on leisure-time physical activity and associated adverse events in the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Numerous reports have described injuries and illnesses in competitive athletes, but studies on leisure-time physical activity and associated adverse events in the general population have not been adequately reviewed. This study aimed to summarise the previous findings on this topic.
DESIGN
Scoping review.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed and Ichushi-Web for articles in English and Japanese, respectively (13 April 2023).
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES
Articles on adverse events related to sports performed by 'individuals and groups active in the community' were included, whereas those on elite athletes, exercise therapy and rehabilitation, and school sports were excluded. Terms related to physical activity, exercise, sports and adverse events were used for the search strategies.
RESULTS
The literature search yielded 67 eligible articles. Most articles were from the USA, Japan and Australia. Running, scuba diving, rugby and soccer were the most commonly reported sports. Adults were the most common age category in the samples. The most commonly reported adverse events were injuries; only 10 articles reported diseases. 13 longitudinal studies reported the frequency of adverse events based on the number of events/participants×exposure.
CONCLUSION
Adverse events such as sports trauma, disability and certain diseases occur sometimes during sporting activities by residents; however, the articles identified in this review showed biases related to the countries and regions where they were published and the sports disciplines and types of adverse events reported, and articles reporting the frequency of adverse events were also limited. This highlights the need for more high-quality observational studies on diverse populations in the future.
Topics: Humans; Athletic Injuries; Sports; Exercise
PubMed: 38866565
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082984 -
Health & Place Jan 2024This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between GIS-measured worksite and home neighborhood walkability and several measures of physical activity (PA)...
This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between GIS-measured worksite and home neighborhood walkability and several measures of physical activity (PA) in employed adults. Results revealed no significant correlation between worksite walkability and PA outcomes, contradicting the hypothesis of increased PA with improved walkability. However, for women and households without young children, a positive association was observed between worksite walkability and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Additionally, home neighborhood walkability was linked to self-reported walking. The study highlights the need for further research into social and environmental factors at worksites impacting PA, and examination of PA behaviors in the context of increased remote work due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Female; Child, Preschool; Self Report; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pandemics; Environment Design; Exercise; Walking; Residence Characteristics; Workplace; Accelerometry
PubMed: 38056050
DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103143 -
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly :... Oct 2023Visual supports have been advocated as one strategy to teach children with autism in physical education. However, empirical studies documented inconsistencies in their... (Review)
Review
Visual supports have been advocated as one strategy to teach children with autism in physical education. However, empirical studies documented inconsistencies in their effectiveness, with some demonstrating positive effects while others reported limited support for their use. Without a clear synthesis of information, physical educators may have difficulties in identifying and meaningfully utilizing visual supports. A systematic literature review on visual supports was conducted with synthesized current literature for physical educators to make informed decisions regarding their use for children with autism in physical education. A total of 27 articles were reviewed, which included empirical- and narrative-based manuscripts. Results suggest that picture task cards, visual activity schedules, and video prompting can be potential strategies that physical educators can use to teach motor skills to children on the spectrum. However, video modeling may need to be further investigated to fully understand how to use it in the context of physical education.
Topics: Humans; Child; Autistic Disorder; Motor Skills; Exercise; Autism Spectrum Disorder
PubMed: 36898384
DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2022-0157 -
European Spine Journal : Official... Feb 2024People who seek more care for low back pain (LBP) tend to experience poorer recovery (e.g. higher pain and disability levels). Understanding the factors associated with...
PURPOSE
People who seek more care for low back pain (LBP) tend to experience poorer recovery (e.g. higher pain and disability levels). Understanding the factors associated with care-seeking for LBP might improve patient outcomes and potentially alleviate the burden of LBP on global health systems. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between different intensities, volumes, and domains of physical activity and care-seeking behaviours, in people with a history of LBP.
METHODS
Longitudinal data from adult twins were drawn from the AUstralian Twin BACK study. The primary outcome was the total self-reported frequency (counts) of overall utilisation of care for LBP, over 1 year. Secondary outcomes were the utilisation of health services, and the utilisation of self-management strategies, for LBP (assessed as total frequency over 1 year). Explanatory variables were device-based measures of sedentary behaviour and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, and self-reported physical workload, and work, transport, household, and leisure domain physical activity, at baseline.
RESULTS
Data from 340 individuals were included. Median age was 56.4 years (IQR 44.9-62.3 years) and 73% of participants were female. Medium-to-high baseline volumes of sedentary behaviour were significantly associated with greater counts of overall care utilisation (IRR 1.60, 95%CI 1.04-2.44) and utilisation of self-management strategies (IRR 1.60, 95%CI 1.02-2.50) for LBP, over 1 year. Medium-to-high baseline volumes of household domain physical activity were significantly associated with greater counts of utilising self-management strategies for LBP over 1 year (IRR 1.62, 95%CI 1.04-2.53). No explanatory variables were associated with the utilisation of health services for LBP.
CONCLUSION
People who engage in higher baseline volumes of sedentary behaviour or physical activity in the household setting (e.g. housework, gardening, yard work, general household maintenance) utilise 1.6 times more care for LBP over 1 year. Findings suggest that higher volumes of these behaviours may be harmful for LBP. No intensities, volumes, or domains of physical activity demonstrated clear benefits for LBP. Where feasible, patients and clinicians should collaborate to screen and develop strategies to reduce engagement in sedentary behaviour or physical activity in the household setting. Contextual factors (e.g. patient symptom severity, sociocultural roles, occupational demands) should be considered when devising appropriate behaviour change strategies.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Male; Low Back Pain; Australia; Exercise; Motor Activity; Sports
PubMed: 37728638
DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07935-7 -
Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation Sep 2023Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in Brazil, and its prognostic indicators of social reintegration are not well established yet.
BACKGROUND
Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in Brazil, and its prognostic indicators of social reintegration are not well established yet.
OBJECTIVE
To identify body structure/function impairments and activity limitations in post-stroke that predict social participation restrictions in the community.
METHODS
cohort studies were selected, involving adult post-stroke participants, which investigated body structure and function impairments or activity limitations of post-stroke individuals as predictors of social participation in the community. Studies that included individuals with subarachnoid hemorrhage, other neurological disorders and participants in long-term care facilities were excluded. The Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale was applied to assess the methodological quality. The results were synthesized according to the found exposures, considering the used statistical models.
RESULTS
Eleven articles were included, with a total of 2,412 individuals, 58.4% men, 83.7% ischemic stroke. Seven exposures were assessed across studies, in which 10 studies assessed body structure and function exposures (stroke severity, cognitive, executive, emotional and motor function), and 8 studies assessed activity exposures (daily living activity and walking ability).
CONCLUSION
There is some evidence that stroke severity, mental and motor deficits, limitations in activities of daily living and the ability to walk after a stroke can predict social participation in the community. PROSPERO registration CRD42020177591.
Topics: Male; Adult; Humans; Female; Stroke; Activities of Daily Living; Stroke Rehabilitation; Social Participation; Walking
PubMed: 35787246
DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2022.2095086 -
Biomolecules Sep 2023Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 () deficiency disorder (CDD) is a rare neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutations in the X-linked gene. CDD is characterized by a...
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 () deficiency disorder (CDD) is a rare neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutations in the X-linked gene. CDD is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, including early-onset refractory epileptic seizures, intellectual disability, hypotonia, visual disturbances, and autism-like features. The knockout (KO) mouse recapitulates several features of CDD, including autistic-like behavior, impaired learning and memory, and motor stereotypies. These behavioral alterations are accompanied by diminished neuronal maturation and survival, reduced dendritic branching and spine maturation, and marked microglia activation. There is currently no cure or effective treatment to ameliorate the symptoms of the disease. Aerobic exercise is known to exert multiple beneficial effects in the brain, not only by increasing neurogenesis, but also by improving motor and cognitive tasks. To date, no studies have analyzed the effect of physical exercise on the phenotype of a CDD mouse model. In view of the positive effects of voluntary running on the brain of mouse models of various human neurodevelopmental disorders, we sought to determine whether voluntary daily running, sustained over a month, could improve brain development and behavioral defects in KO mice. Our study showed that long-term voluntary running improved the hyperlocomotion and impulsivity behaviors and memory performance of KO mice. This is correlated with increased hippocampal neurogenesis, neuronal survival, spine maturation, and inhibition of microglia activation. These behavioral and structural improvements were associated with increased BDNF levels. Given the positive effects of BDNF on brain development and function, the present findings support the positive benefits of exercise as an adjuvant therapy for CDD.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Spasms, Infantile; Motor Activity
PubMed: 37759796
DOI: 10.3390/biom13091396 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2023Non-ambulatory people with severe motor impairments due to chronic neurological diagnoses are forced into a sedentary lifestyle. The purpose of this scoping review was... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Non-ambulatory people with severe motor impairments due to chronic neurological diagnoses are forced into a sedentary lifestyle. The purpose of this scoping review was to understand the type and amount of physical activity interventions performed in this population as well as their effect.
METHODS
PubMed, Cochran and CINAHL Complete were systematically searched for articles describing physical activity interventions in people with a chronic, stable central nervous system lesion. The outcome measures needed to include physiological or psychological variables, measures of general health or quality of life.
RESULTS
Of the initial 7554 articles, 34 were included after the title, abstract, and full-text screening. Only six studies were designed as randomized-controlled trials. Most interventions were supported by technologies, mainly functional electrical stimulation (cycling or rowing). The duration of the intervention ranged from four to 52 weeks. Endurance and strength training interventions (and a combination of both) were performed and over 70% of studies resulted in health improvements.
CONCLUSIONS
Non-ambulatory people with severe motor impairments may benefit from physical activity interventions. However, the number of studies and their comparability is very limited. This indicates the need for future research with standard measures to develop evidence-based, specific recommendations for physical activity in this population.Key messagesPhysical activity interventions can have health benefits in non-ambulatory people with severe motor impairments.Even simple, low-tech interventions allow for health-enhancing training.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Motor Disorders; Exercise; Sedentary Behavior
PubMed: 37287318
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2219065 -
Experimental Gerontology Sep 2023Public health messaging calls for individuals to be more physically active and less sedentary, yet these lifestyle behaviors have been historically studied... (Review)
Review
Public health messaging calls for individuals to be more physically active and less sedentary, yet these lifestyle behaviors have been historically studied independently. Both physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are linked through time-use in a 24-hour day and are related to health outcomes, such as neurocognition. While the benefits of PA on brain health in late adulthood have been well-documented, the influence of SB remains to be understood. The purpose of this paper was to critically review the evolving work on SB and brain health in late adulthood and emphasize key areas of consideration to inform potential research. Overall, the existing literature studying the impact of SB on the components and mechanisms of brain health are mixed and inconclusive, provided largely by cross-sectional and observational work employing a variety of measurement techniques of SB and brain health outcomes. Further, many studies did not conceptually or statistically account for the role of PA in the proposed relationships. Therefore, our understanding of the way in which SB may influence neurocognition in late adulthood is limited. Future efforts should include more prospective longitudinal and randomized clinical trials with intentional methodological approaches to better understand the relationships between SB and the brain in late adulthood, and how these potential links are differentiated from PA.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Sedentary Behavior; Prospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Brain
PubMed: 37356467
DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112246