-
Paediatric Anaesthesia May 2024
PubMed: 38358324
DOI: 10.1111/pan.14859 -
Heliyon Aug 2023Bentonite buffer materials are important components of engineered barrier systems for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste produced during nuclear power...
Bentonite buffer materials are important components of engineered barrier systems for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste produced during nuclear power generation. The design temperature of the buffer material is < 100 °C, and increasing the design temperature can reduce the required disposal area. This characteristic necessitates the evaluation of the thermal-hydraulic-mechanical properties of the buffer at temperatures above 100 °C to increase its target temperature. Therefore, the hydraulic properties of Gyeongju (KJ) bentonite buffer material were evaluated in this study, including the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) and hydraulic conductivity. An experimental system was manufactured to measure the suction and saturated hydraulic conductivity of KJ bentonite buffer material above 100 °C; the relative humidity of KJ bentonite buffer material was measured at 25-149 °C with an initial water content of 0, 0.06, and 0.12 under constant saturation conditions. The suction decreased as the temperature increased (10%-25% reduction at 99 °C-149 °C). The Van-Genuchten SWCC fitting parameters were also derived at 25 °C-149 °C using previously reported and newly generated experimental results, and the applicability of the modified Van-Genuchten SWCC model in this temperature range was verified. The hydraulic conductivity was proportional to temperature up to 100 °C, in agreement with the theoretical model results. Between 100 °C and 150 °C, the hydraulic conductivity increased nonlinearly because of molecular motion and structural changes inside the sample.
PubMed: 37576299
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18447 -
Arthroscopy : the Journal of... Feb 2024Hip acetabular labrum plays a chondroprotective role by maintaining stability, providing a suction seal, and contributing to load distribution. In symptomatic patients...
Editorial Commentary: Irreparable, Symptomatic, Hip Labral Tears Should Be Reconstructed in Patients without Osteoarthritis. However, Comparison of the Two, as Well as Allograft versus Autograft Reconstruction, Is Challenging.
Hip acetabular labrum plays a chondroprotective role by maintaining stability, providing a suction seal, and contributing to load distribution. In symptomatic patients without osteoarthritis, arthroscopic labral repair has strong clinical and biomechanical data to support its use. For irreparable tears, the labrum should be reconstructed. Biomechanically, labral reconstruction does not demonstrate superiority when compared to labral repair or the intact native labrum state. However, it is superior to labral excision. One challenge in making these comparisons is the heterogeneity in surgical technique. Labral reconstruction techniques can vary significantly. In terms of reconstruction, allograft offers the advantage of no donor site morbidity, but availability, costs, and risks must be considered. Autograft use is limited by donor site morbidity and increased operative time. Direct comparisons again show no clear evidence to suggest superiority of one over the other.
Topics: Humans; Autografts; Hip Joint; Transplantation, Autologous; Osteoarthritis; Allografts
PubMed: 38296454
DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2023.07.003 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jan 2024In this study, we investigated the dispersion patterns of aerosols and droplets in dental clinics and developed a suction device to evaluate its effectiveness in...
OBJECTIVES
In this study, we investigated the dispersion patterns of aerosols and droplets in dental clinics and developed a suction device to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing aerosols during dental procedures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Firstly, the continuous images of oral aerosols and droplets were photographed with a high-speed camera, and the trajectories of these particles were recognized and processed by Image J to determine key parameters affecting particle dispersion: diffusion velocity, distance, and angle. Secondly, based on the parameter data, the flow field of aerosol particles around the oral cavity was simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the flow field under adsorption conditions was simulated to demonstrate the aerodynamic characteristics and capture efficiencies of the single-channel and three-channel adsorption ports at different pressures. Finally, according to the simulated data, a three-channel suction device was developed, and the capture efficiency of the device was tested by the fluorescein tracer method.
RESULTS
The dispersion experimental data showed that aerosol particles' maximum diffusion velocity, distance, and angle were 6.2 m/s, 0.55 m, and 130°, respectively. The simulated aerosol flow-field distribution was consistent with the aerosol dispersion patterns. The adsorption simulation results showed that the outlet flow rate of single-channel adsorption was 184.5 L/s at - 350 Pa, and the aerosol capture efficiency could reach 79.4%. At - 350 Pa and - 150 Pa, the outlet flow rate of three-channel adsorption was 228.9 L/s, and the capture efficiency was 99.23%. The adsorption experimental data showed that the capture efficiency of three-channel suction device was 97.71%.
CONCLUSIONS
A three-channel suction device was designed by simulations and experiments, which can capture most aerosols in the dental clinic and prevent them from spreading.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Using three-channel suction devices during oral treatment effectively reduces the spread of oral aerosols, which is essential to prevent the spread of epidemics and ensure the health and safety of patients and dental staff.
Topics: Humans; Aerosols; Computer Simulation
PubMed: 38280059
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05524-6 -
International Journal of Hyperthermia :... 2024Caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) presents a significant clinical challenge owing to the associated risks of uterine scar rupture, severe haemorrhage and adverse maternal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Efficacy and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with suction curettage for the treatment of caesarean scar pregnancy: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.
PURPOSE
Caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) presents a significant clinical challenge owing to the associated risks of uterine scar rupture, severe haemorrhage and adverse maternal outcomes. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of combining high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) with suction curettage for treating CSP.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive search in four databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library, to identify published studies evaluating the use of HIFU combined with suction curettage to treat CSP. Intraoperative blood loss, treatment success rate, and reproductive results were the primary outcomes assessed.
RESULTS
A total of 18 studies involving 1251 patients with CSP, all of whom received preoperative HIFU therapy were included. The average hospital stay was 6.22 days, the intraoperative blood loss was 26.29 ml and the incidence of adverse events was 15.60%, including abdominal or lower limb pain, fever, vaginal bleeding, haematuria and vomiting. Furthermore, post-treatment follow-up showed that serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin levels were rapidly normalized (average of 25.48 days) and menstruation returned (average of 33.03 days). The treatment had a remarkable success rate of 97.60% and a subsequent pregnancy rate of 68.70%.
CONCLUSION
While the combination of HIFU and suction-curettage may induce common adverse effects such as lower abdominal or limb pain, these reactions typically do not necessitate therapeutic intervention. Additionally, the size of the gestational sac is a determinant of the procedure's success. In conclusion, HIFU combined with suction curettage demonstrates promising clinical efficacy, safety and favourable reproductive outcomes in managing CSP.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Blood Loss, Surgical; Vacuum Curettage; Cicatrix; Pain; Cesarean Section
PubMed: 38329796
DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2024.2310019 -
Trials Dec 2023Studies have shown that the wet suction technique in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) generates better histological diagnostic accuracy and...
Dry suction versus wet suction technique of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy for diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions: study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled non-inferiority trial.
BACKGROUND
Studies have shown that the wet suction technique in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) generates better histological diagnostic accuracy and specimen quality than the dry suction technique. However, conclusions of wet suction on the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) are still controversial. Besides, the optimal number of passes for EUS-FNB has not been determined. We aimed to design a large multicenter randomized trial to compare the diagnostic accuracy of dry suction versus wet suction technique in solid pancreatic lesions (SPLs) using 22G Franseen needles and determine the optimal number of passes required for EUS-FNB.
METHODS
This is a multi-center open-label, randomized controlled non-inferiority trial with two parallel groups. Two hundred patients with SPLs will undergo EUS-FNB using 22G Franseen needles in 4 tertiary hospitals in China and will be randomly assigned to the dry suction group and wet suction group in a ratio of 1:1. The primary endpoint is diagnostic accuracy. Secondary endpoints include the optimal number of needle passes, sensitivity, specificity, specimen quality, cytological diagnoses, time of the procedure, and incidence of complications.
DISCUSSION
This study has been designed to determine (i) whether EUS-FNB using 22G Franseen needle with dry suction is non-inferior to wet suction in terms of diagnostic accuracy and (ii) the optimal number of passes during EUS-FNB of SPLs using 22G Franseen needle.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05549856. Registered on September 22, 2022.
Topics: Humans; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Suction; Pancreas; Image-Guided Biopsy; Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Multicenter Studies as Topic
PubMed: 38093381
DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07842-8 -
The Science of the Total Environment Sep 2023Accurate data of cadmium (Cd) and uranium (U) leaching are needed in the context of identifying their mass balances in agricultural soils. There is some controversy...
Accurate data of cadmium (Cd) and uranium (U) leaching are needed in the context of identifying their mass balances in agricultural soils. There is some controversy related to sampling methods and the contribution of colloid facilitated transport. Here, leaching was measured in undisturbed unsaturated soils and the impact of colloids was measured with due attention to solution sampling protocols. Soils were sampled in an arable, pH neutral silty loam soil. The columns (n = 8) were irrigated and PTFE suction plates (1 μm pores) at the bottom ensured unsaturated flow. New here is that both percolates and associated suction plates were collected, the elements in the plates were recovered with acid digestion and used as a lower estimate of colloidal forms. The fraction of elements collected in the plates were 33 % (Cd) and 80 % (U) of the total mobility (=percolates + plates), illustrating colloidal transport. Composition of pore water extracted by soil centrifugation varied largely between initial and final samples and showed that colloids increased as a result of reduced solution calcium after leaching two pore volumes with low calcium water. Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (FIFFF) of the pore water and percolates revealed co-elution of U with colloidal organic matter, oxyhydroxides and clay, illustrating colloidal transport of U by these vectors. Colloidal transport of Cd was less pronounced and was dominated by organic matter. Soil extracts with 0.01 M CaCl have lower colloid concentration and consequently underestimate mobile U. In contrast, Cd concentrations in 0.01 M CaCl extracts exceed that of percolates due to chloride complexation and higher calcium, mobilizing Cd. Soil leaching experiments better indicate potential leaching losses than a single pore water composition because the former yields the time integrated data. Suction plates and/or bottom filters need to be analysed in leaching studies to account for metal transport by colloids.
Topics: Cadmium; Soil; Uranium; Calcium; Calcium Chloride; Soil Pollutants; Water; Colloids
PubMed: 37236457
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164419 -
Heliyon Feb 2024Centrifugal blood pumps are important devices used to treat heart failure. However, they are prone to high-risk suction events that pose a threat to human health when...
Centrifugal blood pumps are important devices used to treat heart failure. However, they are prone to high-risk suction events that pose a threat to human health when operating at high speeds. To address these issues, a normal suction detection method and a suction suppression method based on the FFT-GAPSO-LSTM model and speed modulation were proposed. The innovation of this suction detection method lies in the application of the genetic particle swarm optimisation (GAPSO) and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) feature extraction method to the long-term and short-term memory (LSTM) model, thereby improving the accuracy of suction detection. After detecting signs of suction, the suction suppression method designed in this study based on variable-speed modulation immediately takes effect, enabling the centrifugal blood pump to quickly return to its normal state by controlling the speed. The suction detection method was divided into four steps. First, a mathematical model of the coupling of the cardiovascular system and the centrifugal blood pump was established, and a real-time blood flow curve was obtained through model simulation. Second, the signal was preprocessed by adding Gaussian white noise and low-pass filtering to make the blood flow signal close to actual working conditions while retaining the original characteristics. Subsequently, through fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis of the processed curve, the spectral characteristics that can characterise the working state of the centrifugal blood pump were extracted. Finally, the parameters of the LSTM model were optimised using the GAPSO, and the improved LSTM model was used to train and test the blood flow spectrum feature set. The results show that the suction detection method of the FFT-GAPSO-LSTM model can effectively detect whether centrifugal blood pump suction occurs and has certain advantages over other methods. In addition, the simulation results of the suction suppression were excellent and could effectively suppress the occurrence of suction. These results provide a reference for the design of centrifugal blood pump control systems.
PubMed: 38370170
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25992 -
Surgical Case Reports Nov 2023Perforation of the pyriform sinus, included in hypopharyngeal injury, is a rare condition typically caused by iatrogenic factors. We present a case of an infant who...
BACKGROUND
Perforation of the pyriform sinus, included in hypopharyngeal injury, is a rare condition typically caused by iatrogenic factors. We present a case of an infant who developed deep cervical and mediastinal abscesses due to a traumatic pyriform sinus perforation caused by accidentally falling with a marker pen in the mouth.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 11-month-old healthy male infant fell on a trampoline with a marker pen in his mouth. The patient developed swelling in the neck 3 h after the incident and was taken to a regional general hospital. Although a laryngoscopy showed no perforation in the oral cavity or posterior pharynx, a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed significant emphysema extending from the cervix to the mediastinum. The patient was transferred to our tertiary hospital and admitted to the intensive care unit, where he was mechanically ventilated, and antibiotic therapy was initiated. On day 3 of admission, a CT scan revealed deep abscesses in the cervical and upper posterior mediastinum with pneumomediastinum. Although his respiratory status stabilized and he was temporarily weaned, the fever recurred. Pharyngoesopagography revealed significant leakage of contrast from the left pyriform sinus to the mediastinum. Consequently, surgical drainage of the abscess was performed on day 10. Two low-pressure continuous suction drains were placed, one in the posterior mediastinum and the other close to the pyriform sinus. Pharyngoesophagography on postoperative day (POD) 7 demonstrated decreased contrast leakage into the posterior mediastinum. The patient was initiated on enteral nutrition through a nasogastric tube. The patient was discharged on POD 31 after the suction drains were replaced with open Penrose drains, and enteral nutrition via nasogastric tube was continued at home. The Penrose drains were removed on POD 54, and salivary leakage ceased on POD 111.
CONCLUSIONS
Although injuries to the oral cavity and posterior pharynx are more easily recognized, the existence of injury in the pyriform sinus can be challenging to evaluate. However, prompt and appropriate management, including intubation, antibiotic therapy, surgical drainage, and nutritional support, is critical in preventing life-threatening complications.
PubMed: 37968535
DOI: 10.1186/s40792-023-01781-x -
Surgical Infections Jun 2024No in vitro surgical study has evaluated the time-dependent contamination of surgical suction tips compared with controls. Our purpose was to determine the difference...
No in vitro surgical study has evaluated the time-dependent contamination of surgical suction tips compared with controls. Our purpose was to determine the difference in suction tip bacterial contamination rates between suction-positive and suction-negative tips. A matched-pair analysis of the contamination of surgical suction tips over a six-hour period was performed in two clean operating rooms. One suction tip was connected to standard wall suction (suction-positive group), with a matched control tip not connected to wall suction (suction-negative group). At time zero and then at hourly intervals for six hours, the distal 3 cm of suction tips were removed, placed in nutrient broth for 48 hours, then plate cultured. One hundred tips were collected for each time interval. Eighty-two of 700 (11.7%) suction tips had bacterial contamination. Sixty-three (18.0%) of 350 suction-positive tips were contaminated, with 19 (5.4%) of the 350 suction-negative tips contaminated (χ = 26.7, p < 0.001). Suction tip contamination was time-dependent with the first significant difference between groups occurring after two hours of continuous suction (χ = 4.0, p = 0.04). Contamination rate in the suction-positive group increased significantly after one hour compared with time-zero controls (χ = 7.1, p = 0.008). There was no significant difference in frequency of positive cultures over time in the suction-negative group compared with time-zero controls. This is the first controlled laboratory study suggesting a time-dependent increase in positive suction tip cultures. From our data, operating room staff should have an awareness that suction tips represent a potential source of bacterial concentration. We recommend that when not in use, suction tip valves be closed if this feature is available, that hosing be manipulated to cease suction when not needed, that suckers be disconnected from tubing, or that suckers be exchanged at frequent intervals. Doing so may reduce bacterial contamination on the suction tip.
Topics: Suction; Equipment Contamination; Bacteria; Time Factors; Humans; Operating Rooms; Surgical Instruments
PubMed: 38752928
DOI: 10.1089/sur.2023.356