-
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases May 2024Patients with haematological malignancies might develop life-threatening toxoplasmosis, especially after allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT).... (Review)
Review
Guidelines for the management of Toxoplasma gondii infection and disease in patients with haematological malignancies and after haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: guidelines from the 9th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia, 2022.
Patients with haematological malignancies might develop life-threatening toxoplasmosis, especially after allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). Reactivation of latent cysts is the primary mechanism of toxoplasmosis following HSCT; hence, patients at high risk are those who were seropositive before transplantation. The lack of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis and various immune status parameters of the patient are other associated risk factors. The mortality of toxoplasma disease-eg, with organ involvement-can be particularly high in this setting. We have developed guidelines for managing toxoplasmosis in haematology patients, through a literature review and consultation with experts. In allogeneic HSCT recipients seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii before transplant, because T gondii infection mostly precedes toxoplasma disease, we propose weekly blood screening by use of quantitative PCR (qPCR) to identify infection early as a pre-emptive strategy. As trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis might fail, prophylaxis and qPCR screening should be combined. However, PCR in blood can be negative even in toxoplasma disease. The duration of prophylaxis should be a least 6 months and extended during treatment-induced immunosuppression or severe CD4 lymphopenia. If a positive qPCR test occurs, treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine, or pyrimethamine-clindamycin should be started, and a new sample taken. If the second qPCR test is negative, clinical judgement is recommended to either continue or stop therapy and restart prophylaxis. Therapy must be continued until a minimum of two negative PCRs for infection, or for at least 6 weeks for disease. The pre-emptive approach is not indicated in seronegative HSCT recipients, after autologous transplantation, or in non-transplant haematology patients, but PCR should be performed with a high level of clinical suspicion.
Topics: Humans; Toxoplasmosis; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Toxoplasma; Hematologic Neoplasms; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Antiprotozoal Agents
PubMed: 38134949
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00495-4 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Aug 2023To measure visual crowding, an essential bottleneck on object recognition and reliable psychophysical index of cortex organization, in older children and adults with...
PURPOSE
To measure visual crowding, an essential bottleneck on object recognition and reliable psychophysical index of cortex organization, in older children and adults with horizontal concomitant strabismus before and after strabismus surgery.
METHODS
Using real-time eye tracking to ensure gaze-contingent display, we examined the peripheral visual crowding effects in older children and adults with horizontal concomitant strabismus but without amblyopia before and after strabismus surgery. Patients were asked to discriminate the orientation of the central tumbling E target letter with flankers arranged along the radial or tangential axis in the nasal or temporal hemifield at different eccentricities (5° or 10°). The critical spacing value, which is the minimum space between the target and the flankers required for correct discrimination, was obtained for comparisons before and after strabismus surgery.
RESULTS
Twelve individuals with exotropia (6 males, 21.75 ± 7.29 years, mean ± SD) and 15 individuals with esotropia (6 males, 24.13 ± 5.96 years) participated in this study. We found that strabismic individuals showed significantly larger critical spacing with nasotemporal asymmetry along the radial axis that related to the strabismus pattern, with exotropes exhibiting stronger temporal field crowding and esotropes exhibiting stronger nasal field crowding before surgical alignment. After surgery, the critical spacing was reduced and rebalanced between the nasal and temporal hemifields. Furthermore, the postoperative recovery of stereopsis was associated with the extent of nasotemporal balance of critical spacing.
CONCLUSIONS
We find that optical realignment (i.e., strabismus surgery) can normalize the enlarged visual crowding effects, a reliable psychophysical index of cortical organization, in the peripheral visual field of older children and adults with strabismus and rebalance the nasotemporal asymmetry of crowding, promoting the recovery of postoperative stereopsis. Our results indicated a potential of experience-dependent cortical organization after axial alignment even for individuals who are out of the critical period of visual development, illuminating the capacity and limitations of optics on sensory plasticity and emphasizing the importance of ocular correction for clinical practice.
Topics: Adult; Male; Child; Humans; Adolescent; Visual Acuity; Strabismus; Amblyopia; Esotropia; Visual Perception; Sulfadiazine
PubMed: 37535007
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.11.5 -
Chemosphere Jun 2024Excessive release of chromium (Cr) from the tanning industry and antibiotics from livestock caused severe hazards to humans. Gallic acid (GA 10 mM) alleviated...
Excessive release of chromium (Cr) from the tanning industry and antibiotics from livestock caused severe hazards to humans. Gallic acid (GA 10 mM) alleviated alone/combined SDZ 30 mg kg and TWW 40, 60, and 100% stress in wheat. GA (10 mM) decreased the TSP 12 and 13%, TFAA 8 and 10%, TSS 14 and 16%, RS 18 and 16%, and NRS 11 and 9% in shoots and grains under SDZ + TWW (30 mg kg+100%), compared without foliar. GA (10 mM) declined the MDA 20 and 31, EL 13 and 36%, HO 17 and 15%, O 10 and 11% in leaves and roots, under combined SDZ + TWW (30 mg kg+100%), compared without foliar. GA (10 mM) improved the POD 106 and 30%, SOD 145 and 31%, CAT 78, and 35%, APX 100 and 25% in leaves and roots under combined SDZ + TWW (30 mg kg+100%), compared without foliar application. Considerably GA (10 mM) reduced total Cr 18, Cr 20, and Cr 50% in roots and shoots 19, 41, and 48%, and grains 15, 27, and 29% respectively, under combined SDZ + TWW (30 mg kg+100%) stress, compared without foliar. Overall, GA boosted the wheat growth, physiology, and defence system by inhibiting the combined SDZ + Cr toxicity.
Topics: Triticum; Gallic Acid; Tanning; Wastewater; Sulfadiazine; Chromium; Plant Roots; Soil Pollutants; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 38697571
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142203 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2024The mission of this review is to identify immune-damaging participants involved in antiviral immunoinflammatory lesions. We argue these could be targeted and their... (Review)
Review
The mission of this review is to identify immune-damaging participants involved in antiviral immunoinflammatory lesions. We argue these could be targeted and their activity changed selectively by maneuvers that, at the same time, may not diminish the impact of components that help resolve lesions. Ideally, we need to identify therapeutic approaches that can reverse ongoing lesions that lack unwanted side effects and are affordable to use. By understanding the delicate balance between immune responses that cause tissue damage and those that aid in resolution, novel strategies can be developed to target detrimental immune components while preserving the beneficial ones. Some strategies involve rebalancing the participation of immune components using various approaches, such as removing or blocking proinflammatory T cell products, expanding regulatory cells, restoring lost protective cell function, using monoclonal antibodies (moAb) to counteract inhibitory molecules, and exploiting metabolic differences between inflammatory and immuno-protective responses. These strategies can help reverse ongoing viral infections. We explain various approaches, from model studies and some clinical evidence, that achieve innate and adaptive immune rebalancing, offering insights into potential applications for controlling chronic viral-induced lesions.
Topics: Humans; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Pyrimethamine; Sulfadiazine
PubMed: 38612744
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073935 -
Journal of Chromatographic Science May 2024A direct and precise isocratic RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of silver sulfadiazine (SSD) and sodium hyaluronate (SH) in the presence of methyl (MP) and...
Development and Validation of a RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Silver Sulfadiazine and Sodium Hyaluronate in the Presence of Methyl and Propyl Paraben in a Pharmaceutical Cream for Burns.
A direct and precise isocratic RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of silver sulfadiazine (SSD) and sodium hyaluronate (SH) in the presence of methyl (MP) and propyl parabens (PP) was developed and validated. Agilent chromatograph with X-Select C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm2, 5 μm) was used. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 5.0 to which added triethyl amine 0.5 ml/L), at a ratio 35: 65 v/v. Elution was used at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at ambient temperature with UV detection at 205 nm. The retention times for SH, SSD, MP and PP were 1.49, 3.3, 6.7 and 19.5 min, respectively. The presented chromatographic method was fully validated in accordance with ICH requirements, it was valid over linearity ranges of (0.80-100.00 μg/mL) and (3.20-100.00 μg/mL) for SSD and SH, respectively. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve ranges and the sensitivity of the method, as the limits of detection and quantification for each active ingredient was also determined. The validated method was successfully applied for the quantification of SSD and SH in pharmaceutical cream formulation and the mean recovery % ± SD were 100.93 ± 0.985 and 100.05 ± 0.668 for SSD and SH; respectively, indicating satisfactory accuracy of the method.
PubMed: 38745433
DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmae028 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Feb 2024Cadmium (Cd) and antibiotic's tendency to accumulate in edible plant parts and fertile land is a worldwide issue. The combined effect of antibiotics and heavy metals on...
Cadmium (Cd) and antibiotic's tendency to accumulate in edible plant parts and fertile land is a worldwide issue. The combined effect of antibiotics and heavy metals on crops was analyzed, but not mitigation of their toxicity. This study investigated the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to alleviate the SDZ and Cd toxicity (alone/combined) to promote spinach growth. Results revealed that the ZnO 200 mg L spray decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) 14%, hydrogen peroxide (HO) 13%, and electrolyte leakage (EL) 7%, and increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) 8%, peroxidase (POD) 25%, catalase (CAT) 39% and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) 12% in spinach leaves under combined SDZ+Cd (25 mg Kg +50 mg Kg) stress compared to ZnO 100 mg L spray. Likewise, ZnO NPs 200 mg L spray enhanced the zinc (Zn) 97%, iron (Fe) 86%, magnesium (Mg) 35%, manganese (Mn) 8%, and potassium (K) 23% in shoots under combined SDZ+Cd (25 mg Kg +50 mg Kg) stress compared to ZnO 100 mg L spray. Further, ZnO 200 mg L spray reduced Cd uptake in roots by 9% and shoots 15% under combined SDZ+Cd (25 mg Kg +50 mg Kg) stress compared to ZnO 100 mg L. Overall, ZnO NPs alleviated the SDZ and Cd toxicity and enhanced spinach growth in all treatments.
Topics: Zinc; Cadmium; Zinc Oxide; Spinacia oleracea; Sulfadiazine; Hydrogen Peroxide; Superoxide Dismutase; Antioxidants; Plant Roots; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 37979422
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132903 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Sep 2023Wounds can lead to skin and soft tissue damage and their improper management may lead to the growth of pathogenic bacteria at the site of injury. Identifying better ways...
Wounds can lead to skin and soft tissue damage and their improper management may lead to the growth of pathogenic bacteria at the site of injury. Identifying better ways to promote wound healing is a major unmet need and biomedical materials with the ability to promote wound healing are urgently needed. Here, we report a thermosensitive black phosphorus hydrogel composed of black phosphorus nano-loaded drug silver sulfadiazine (SSD) and chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel for wound healing. The hydrogel has temperature-sensitive properties and enables the continuous release of SSD under near-infrared irradiation to achieve synergistic photothermal and antibacterial treatment. Additionally, it exerts antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus. In a rat skin injury model, it promotes collagen deposition, boosts neovascularization, and suppresses inflammatory markers. In summary, the excellent thermosensitivity, biocompatibility, and wound-healing-promoting qualities of the reported thermosensitive hydrogel make it suitable as an ideal wound dressing in the clinic.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Silver Sulfadiazine; Hydrogels; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Wound Healing; Phosphorus
PubMed: 37715259
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02054-3