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Environmental Science and Pollution... Dec 2023A major challenge that humans facing is the uncontrolled discharge of antibiotic-containing wastewater into the environment, accompanying with huge threats to human...
A major challenge that humans facing is the uncontrolled discharge of antibiotic-containing wastewater into the environment, accompanying with huge threats to human community. The utilization of cost-effective biomass-based adsorbents is considered a potential solution for the treatment of antibiotic wastewater. This study aims to optimize the synthesis of MgFeO nanoparticles loaded on prickly pear biochar (PPB) with outstanding sulfadiazine adsorbability using response surface methodology. Thirteen materials (MgFeO-PPB) produced based on Box-Behnken design were tested to evaluate the impact of the main factors on the material preparation process, including ratio of MgFeO:PPB precursors, calcination temperature and calcination time. Under optimized conditions, i.e., MgFeO:PPB ratio 0.5, temperature 600 °C and time 1 h, the production yield of 46.5% and sulfadiazine removal percentage of 85.4% were obtained. Characterization of optimized MgFeO-PPB indicated the good porosity and functionality suitable for the adsorption of sulfadiazine. Elovich model showed the best description of kinetic process. Temkin model was considered to be an accurate description of the isotherm adsorption. Proposed mechanism for antibiotic adsorption onto MgFeO-PPB was described. We clarify cost-benefit analysis to asses the importance of MgFeO-PPB as well as the economic and environmental impacts of biochar-based composites.
PubMed: 38159191
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31679-y -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Mar 2024Antibiotic contamination in soil has become a major concern worldwide. At present, it is not clear how two co-existed antibiotics with environmentally relevant...
Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of oxytetracycline and sulfadiazine on the bacterial communities, antibiotic resistance genes, and functional genes are different between maize rhizosphere and bulk soil.
Antibiotic contamination in soil has become a major concern worldwide. At present, it is not clear how two co-existed antibiotics with environmentally relevant concentrations would affect soil bacterial community structure, the abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and functional genes, and whether the effects of antibiotics would differ between rhizosphere and bulk soil. We conducted a greenhouse pot experiment to grow maize in a loess soil treated with oxytetracycline (OTC) or sulfadiazine (SDZ) or both at an environmentally relevant concentration (1 mg kg) to investigate the effects of OTC and SDZ on the rhizosphere and bulk soil bacterial communities, abundances of ARGs and carbon (C)-, nitrogen (N)-, and phosphorus (P)-cycling functional genes, and on plant growth and plant N and P nutrition. The results show that the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of OTC and SDZ on bacterial communities and abundances of ARGs and functional genes differ between maize rhizosphere and bulk soil. The effects of two antibiotics resulted in a higher absolute abundances of accA, tet(34), tnpA-04, and sul2 in the rhizosphere soil than in the bulk soil and different bacterial community compositions and biomarkers in the rhizosphere soil and the bulk soil. However, OTC had a stronger inhibitory effect on the abundances of a few functional genes in the bulk soil than SDZ did, and their combination had no synergistic effect on plant growth, ARGs, and functional genes. The role of co-existed OTC and SDZ decreased shoot height and increased root N concentration. The results demonstrate that environmentally relevant concentrations of antibiotics shift soil microbial community structure, increase the abundances of ARGs, and reduce the abundances of functional genes. Furthermore, soil contamination with antibiotics can diminish agricultural production via phytotoxic effects on crops, and combined effects of antibiotics on plant growth and nutrient uptake should be considered.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Sulfadiazine; Oxytetracycline; Zea mays; Soil; Rhizosphere; Genes, Bacterial; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 38409385
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32578-6 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2024The viewpoints on whether high concentrations of chloride ion (Cl) promote or inhibit the oxidation activity of activated persulfates are still inconclusive....
The viewpoints on whether high concentrations of chloride ion (Cl) promote or inhibit the oxidation activity of activated persulfates are still inconclusive. Furthermore, the degradation of organic pollutants by the persulfates in the presence of high Cl concentrations without any activation medium has not yet been studied. In this work, the efficiency and mechanism of degradation of organic pollutants such as carbamazepine (CBZ), sulfadiazine (SDZ), and phenol (PN) by Cl-activated PMS (denoted as Cl/PMS) were investigated. Results showed that Cl could effectively activate PMS for the complete removal of CBZ, SDZ, and PN with reaction kinetic constants of 0.4516 min, 0.01753 min, and 0.06805 min, respectively. Parameters such as PMS dose, Cl concentration, solution pH, and initial concentrations of organic pollutants that affect the degradation efficiencies of the Cl/PMS process were optimized. Unlike conventional activated persulfates, it was confirmed that the free chlorine was the main active species in the Cl/PMS process. Finally, the degradation by-products of CBZ and SDZ as well as their toxicity were detected, and a possible degradation pathway for CBZ and SDZ was proposed. Though higher toxic chlorinated by-products were generated, the Cl/PMS process was still an efficient oxidation method for the removal of organic pollutants in aqueous solutions which contain high concentrations of Cl.
PubMed: 38880845
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34005-2 -
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular... Oct 2023Multidrug resistance (MDR) causes difficulties in the treatment of infections and cancer. Research and development studies have become increasingly important for the...
Multidrug resistance (MDR) causes difficulties in the treatment of infections and cancer. Research and development studies have become increasingly important for the strategy of preventing MDR. There is a need for new multitarget drug research and advancement to reduce the development of drug resistance in drug-drug interactions and reduce cost and toxic effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of multi-target triazene compounds on antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, cytotoxic, and larvicidal activities were investigated in vitro. A series of 12 novel of 1,3-diaryltriazene-substituted sulfadiazine (SDZ) derivatives were synthesized, and the obtained pure products characterized in detail by spectroscopic and analytic methods (FT-IR, H-NMR, C-NMR, and melting points). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of these derivatives (AH1-12) were determined by broth microdilution method. All derivatives have been evaluated in cell-based assays for cytotoxic and antiviral activities against Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara. The larvicidal efficacy of these chemical compounds was also investigated by using Lucilia sericata (L. sericata) larvae. Twelve 1,3-diaryltriazene-substituted SDZ derivatives (AH1-12) were designed and developed as potent multitargeted compounds. Among them, the AH1 derivative showed the most antibacterial and antifungal activity. Besides, synthesized derivatives AH2, AH3, AH5, and AH7 showed higher antiviral activity than SDZ. All synthesized derivatives showed higher cytotoxic activity than SDZ. Also, they showed larvicidal activity at 72 h of the experiment. As a result, these compounds might be great leads for the development of next-generation multitargeted agents.
Topics: Sulfadiazine; Antifungal Agents; Triazenes; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Antineoplastic Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiviral Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 37466109
DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23467 -
Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G,... Aug 2023A massive outbreak of exudative epidermitis (EE) occurred on a Western German piglet producing farm with 350 productive sows. Gilts are produced on site. In one group of...
A massive outbreak of exudative epidermitis (EE) occurred on a Western German piglet producing farm with 350 productive sows. Gilts are produced on site. In one group of piglets, more than 50% of suckling and nursery piglets were clinically affected; furthermore, gilts as well as sows showed localized blackish-squamous skin lesions in the neck area. Generalized infection in suckling and nursery piglets resulted in mortality rates of up to 10% per weaning group. Swabs of moist, affected areas of skin taken on the farm in addition to swab and organ samples collected during necropsy were examined via bacterial cultivation. Both and strains were detected in affected skin lesions, with also present in systemic localizations. Further characterization of the strains identified ExhA and SHETA as toxins involved, and isolates showed resistance to penicillin and aminopenicillin. In the short term, antibiotic treatment with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine of the whole age group combined with individual treatment of severely affected animals as well as washing with an iodine-containing solution improved the clinical signs. In order to reduce the antibiotic use, an autogenous vaccine against the isolated and strains for gilts and sows was produced and applied as a basic immunization twice before farrowing. In addition, external and internal biosecurity was evaluated and adjusted using an objective questionnaire (Bio-check.UGent). The combination of taken measures resulted in a long-term improvement of the overall health status. Several months after the severe EE outbreak, the sporadic occurrence of new EE cases in individual piglets could be controlled by the adjustment of the autogenous vaccine with an additional isolate. The case report illustrates how the combination of continuous monitoring, individual and group antibiotic treatment, biosecurity evaluation, and the use of appropriate immune prophylaxis can improve the clinical picture of EE.
PubMed: 37553072
DOI: 10.1055/a-2088-6163 -
Military Medicine Aug 2023Burns are common injuries on the battlefield. Given austere environments, surgical debridement of injured service members is often not feasible in these settings. Delays...
INTRODUCTION
Burns are common injuries on the battlefield. Given austere environments, surgical debridement of injured service members is often not feasible in these settings. Delays in surgical debridement create a risk of infection and deranged healing for burn patients. As such, this study attempts to identify the best commercially available off-the-shelf (OTS) therapies with field-deployable potential to improve prolonged field care (PFC) of burn-injured soldiers.
METHODS
Deep partial-thickness (DPT) burns (25 cm2) were created on the dorsum of 5 anesthetized pigs utilizing a thermocouple burn device at 100°C for 15 seconds. Nonsurgical debridement was done 1-hour after burn creation using sterile saline water and gauze to remove excess eschar tissue. Animals were then randomized into 5 experimental groups, and OTS therapies were applied to 6 of the 12 created DPT burns. The remaining 6 burns were treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine cream (Ascend Laboratories, LLC, Parsippany, NJ) as the PFC standard of care (SOC) controls. The 5 randomized OTS therapies were: irradiated sterile human skin allograft (IHS), biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM), polylactic acid skin substitute, hyaluronic acid ester matrix (HAM), and decellularized fish skin graft (FSG). Wounds were serially assessed on post-burn days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Assessments were conducted using a combination of photographs, histology, and quantitative bacteriology. Endpoints included burn wound progression, re-epithelialization, wound contraction, scar elevation index, and colony-forming units (CFU).
RESULTS
The analysis demonstrated that by day 3, the FSG prevented burn wound progression the most efficiently. In terms of wound healing, the results showed re-epithelialization percentages close to 100% by day 28 for all treatment groups. No statically significant differences were observed. Quality of healing analyses demonstrated that the BTM-treated wounds had contracted less and the difference to the IHS-treated wounds was statistically significant (P < .05). As regards to antimicrobial properties, the CFU results showed no statistically significant differences between the OTS therapies and the SOC on days 3, 7, and 14.
CONCLUSIONS
The impact of Food and Drug Administration-approved OTS therapies was compared to the current PFC SOC for the treatment of DPT burns in a porcine model. Several topical options exist for the management of burns prior to definitive treatment in the operating room and warrant further evaluation. These therapies are actively used on civilian burn counterparts and have far-forward, field-deployable potential for use at the point of injury so that injured service members may not need evacuation to higher roles of care and combat power may be preserved. Our results demonstrated that all the studied OTS therapies performed well when compared to the SOC in terms of burn wound progression, wound healing, quality of healing, and quantitative bacteriology.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Swine; Silver Sulfadiazine; Wound Healing; Skin; Cicatrix; Bandages
PubMed: 35512410
DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usac114 -
Huan Jing Ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue Nov 2023Sulfonamide antibiotics and florfenicol(FFC) are commonly used antibiotics in Zhejiang Province. They have weak adsorption on soil and are easy to migrate, with high...
Sulfonamide antibiotics and florfenicol(FFC) are commonly used antibiotics in Zhejiang Province. They have weak adsorption on soil and are easy to migrate, with high environmental risks. In recent years, most of the studies on the potential risk of fecal-derived antibiotics to farmland soil were conducted by adding manure under laboratory conditions; therefore, it is impossible to assess the risk of antibiotic pollution under natural fertilization. Therefore, batch balance experiments were conducted to explore the effects of different soil types and manure types on the adsorption of antibiotics in the soil, in which five types of dryland farmland soils[Lin'an(LA), Jiashan(JS), Longyou(LY), Kaihua(KH), and Jinhua(JH)]in Zhejiang Province that have been used with different fertilizers(chicken manure, pig manure, and chemical fertilizer) for a long time were chosen, and four types of commonly used antibiotics[sulfadiazine(SD), sulfamethazine(SMT), sulfamethoxazole(SMZ), and FFC]were selected. The results showed that the adsorption of the four antibiotics in the experimental soil was weak, and the adsorption capacity decreased in the order of:SMT(1.44-13.23 mg·L·kg)>SMZ(0.73-6.05 mg·L·kg)>SD(0.16-5.57 mg·L·kg)>FFC(0.27-3.81 mg·L·kg). The Freundlich model was superior to the linear model in fitting the isotherm adsorption of SD, SMT, and FFC, in which SD and FFC belonged to "S" type adsorption, and SMT belonged to "L" type adsorption. For SMZ, the fitting effect of the linear model was better than that of the Freundlich model. The contents of total organic carbon(TOC) and dissolved organic carbon(DOC) could better predict the adsorption capacity of the four antibiotics(=0.548-0.808), and the values of cation exchange capacity(CEC) and electrical conductivity(EC) could better predict the adsorption capacity of SMT and FFC(0.758-0.841). Compared with the application of chemical fertilizer, manure application increased the values of TOC, DOC, CEC, and EC in acidic and neutral soils, which was conducive to the adsorption of antibiotics on the soil. Meanwhile, manure application also increased pH in acidic and neutral soils, which was not conducive to the adsorption of antibiotics on the soil. In addition, manure application reduced the values of TOC, DOC, CEC, EC, and pH in alkaline soils. The lower pH was conducive to antibiotic adsorption on the soil, whereas the lower content of the other four was not conducive to antibiotic adsorption on the soil. For the acidic soil with low fertility, the application of manure increased soil fertility and thus increased the adsorption of antibiotics on the soil, such as the LA soil with chicken manure, the LY(1) soil with pig manure, and the JH soil with chicken manure and pig manure. However, for the acidic and neutral soils with high fertility, the application of manure had significantly increased soil pH and thus reduced the adsorption of antibiotics on the soil, such as the JS soil with chicken manure and pig manure and the LY(2) soil with chicken manure. For calcareous soil with high fertility and pH(such as KH soil), the adsorption profiles of the four types of antibiotics on the soil showed diversity after the application of manure:the adsorption capacity of SD increased significantly after the application of chicken manure and pig manure, whereas the adsorption capacity of SMT and SMZ decreased significantly, and the adsorption capacity of FFC declined significantly after the application of chicken manure. Therefore, manure application according to soil fertility could effectively control the environmental risk of fecal antibiotics.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Soil; Manure; Adsorption; Fertilizers; Sulfamethazine; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 37973121
DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202210172 -
Gels (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Infected burned skin is a life-threatening condition, which may lead to sepsis. The aims of this work are to formulate a biofilm composed of silver sulfadiazine (SSD),...
Infected burned skin is a life-threatening condition, which may lead to sepsis. The aims of this work are to formulate a biofilm composed of silver sulfadiazine (SSD), chitosan (CS), and sodium alginate (SA), and to evaluate its wound-healing effectiveness. A full factorial design was used to formulate different matrix formulations. The prepared biofilm was tested for physicochemical, and in vitro release. The optimized formulation is composed of 0.833% of CS and 0.75% of SA. The release of SSD almost reached 100% after 6 h. The mechanical properties of the optimized formula were reasonable. The antibacterial activity for the optimized biofilm was significantly higher than that of blank biofilm, which is composed of CS and SA, = 1.53922 × 10. Moreover, the in vivo study showed a 75% reduction in wound width when using the formulated SSD biofilm compared to standard marketed cream (57%) and the untreated group (0%).
PubMed: 37998947
DOI: 10.3390/gels9110855 -
Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A,... Sep 2023Analyte stability is more commonly a confounding factor in analytical chemistry than many analysts recognize. In this study, we assessed the stability of 31 common...
Analyte stability is more commonly a confounding factor in analytical chemistry than many analysts recognize. In this study, we assessed the stability of 31 common veterinary drugs in water and final extracts of bovine (milk and kidney/liver) and chicken (muscle and egg) matrices. Two different sample preparation methods were evaluated for one-month storage of the final extracts at typical room, refrigerator, and freezer temperatures. Liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) by triple quadrupole and high-resolution techniques was used for analysis of the extracts spiked at different relevant concentrations for general regulatory purposes (10-1000 ng/g sample equivalent). Comparison of results between two labs demonstrated that stable drugs (≤20% loss) at all tested conditions consisted of danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, flubendazole, hydroxy-flubendazole, flumequine, flunixin, 5-hydroxy-flunixin, lincomycin, and meloxicam. The tested drugs found to be the most unstable (>20% loss at room temperature within a matter of days) consisted of the β-lactams (ampicillin, cefalexin, cloxacillin, and penicillin G). Curiously, the following antibiotics (mostly macrolides) were apparently more stable in sample extracts than water: emamectin, erythromycin, ivermectin, lasalocid, monensin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, and tylosin. Those and the other drug analytes (ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, florfenicol amine, 2-amino-flubendazole, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, and trimethoprim) were mostly stable for a month in refrigerated extracts, especially at higher concentrations, but not in all cases. In practice, freezer storage of extract solutions was found to be acceptable for at least a month, with a few exceptions.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Veterinary Drugs; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Residues; Water
PubMed: 37582153
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2240444 -
American Journal of Infection Control Jun 2024Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungus associated with catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI). In-vitro efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX) and...
The antimicrobial effectiveness of chlorhexidine and chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine impregnated central venous catheters against the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris.
BACKGROUND
Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungus associated with catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI). In-vitro efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX) and CHX/silver sulfadiazine-impregnated (CHX-S) antimicrobial central venous catheters (CVCs) against C. auris was investigated.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) CHX concentrations were determined against nineteen C. auris isolates. To assess extraluminal efficacy, segments from CVCs impregnated externally (CHX-S1) and both externally and internally (CHX-S2) were plasma-conditioned for 1- and 6-days, and to assess intraluminal efficacy CHX-S2 CVCs were pre-conditioned with saline-lock for 6-days, followed by 24-hour C. auris inoculation and microbial adherence determination on impregnated and non-impregnated CVCs.
RESULTS
CHX inhibited all C. auris isolates with MIC and MBC range of 8-128 μg/mL. C. auris adherence was reduced on CHX-S1 and CHX-S2 extraluminally by 100% on day-1, 86.96%-100% on day-7, and intraluminally on CHX-S2 by 56.86%-90.52% on day-7.
DISCUSSION
CHX and CHX-S CVCs performance against C. auris observed in this study is consistent with antimicrobial benefits observed in prior pre-clinical and randomized controlled clinical studies.
CONCLUSIONS
CHX showed strong inhibitory and cidal effects on C. auris. CHX-S CVCs proved highly efficacious against this pathogen under in vitro conditions. Additional studies, however, are required to confirm clinical benefit.
PubMed: 38944155
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2024.06.015