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Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent... Aug 2023To describe cases of image-guided drainage of symptomatic hematometrocolpos from obstructive Müllerian anomalies as a temporizing measure to manage acute pain symptoms...
STUDY OBJECTIVE
To describe cases of image-guided drainage of symptomatic hematometrocolpos from obstructive Müllerian anomalies as a temporizing measure to manage acute pain symptoms and delay definitive management of the obstructive Müllerian anomalies that require complex reconstruction METHODS: Institutional Review Board exemption from all included institutions was obtained. A retrospective case series from 3 academic children's hospitals of 8 females under the age of 21 with symptomatic hematometrocolpos due to obstructive Müllerian anomalies drained by image-guided percutaneous transabdominal vaginal or uterine drainage with interventional radiology was reviewed and described.
RESULTS
Eight pubertal patients with obstructive Müllerian anomalies (6 patients with distal vaginal agenesis, 1 patient with an obstructed uterine horn, and 1 patient with a high obstructed hemi-vagina) and symptomatic hematometrocolpos are reported. All patients with distal vaginal agenesis had greater than 3 cm lower vaginal agenesis, which would usually require complex vaginoplasty and use of postoperative stents. Given their immaturity and inability to use stents or dilators postoperatively or medical complexity, they subsequently underwent ultrasound-guided drainage of hematometrocolpos with interventional radiology to relieve pain symptoms, followed by menstrual suppression. The patients with obstructed uterine horns had complex medical and surgical histories requiring perioperative planning; they also underwent ultrasound-guided drainage of hematometra as a temporizing measure to manage acute symptoms.
CONCLUSION
Patients presenting with symptomatic hematometrocolpos due to obstructive Müllerian anomalies might not be psychologically mature enough to undergo definitive complex reconstruction, which requires vaginal stent or dilator use postoperatively to prevent stenosis and other complications. Image-guided percutaneous drainage of symptomatic hematometrocolpos serves as a temporizing measure by offering pain relief until patients are ready to undergo surgical management and/or to allow time for complex surgical planning.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Hematocolpos; Hematometra; Retrospective Studies; Radiology, Interventional; Vagina; Uterus; Drainage; Pain; Kidney
PubMed: 36878355
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2023.02.006 -
Journal of Ultrasound Sep 2023The purpose of this study is to assess the scar area and niche formation after cesarean section in women who had preterm or term deliveries and underwent cesarean...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study is to assess the scar area and niche formation after cesarean section in women who had preterm or term deliveries and underwent cesarean section at various stages of labor.
METHOD
This prospective cohort study consists of cases who underwent the first cesarean section for different obstetric reasons. The patients were divided into four groups regarding gestational age and cervical dilatation. After a cesarean section, all patients were called for vaginal ultrasonography control at 12 weeks. The location of the scar and the presence of a niche were evaluated. The residual (RMT), proximal, and distal myometrial thicknesses were evaluated where the scar and niche were located.
RESULTS
A total of 87 cases were included in the study. There was no difference in the prevalence of niche between the groups (p > 0.05). RMT and proximal and distal myometrial thickness were not different between the 37 ≥ week and 37 < week groups, while RMT and proximal and distal myometrial thickness were significantly lower in women with active labor (p =0.001, p= 0.006, p =0.016). The location of the scar was the isthmus at 37 weeks and above (p= 0.002), it was in the cervical canal in the group below 37 weeks (p= 0.017).
CONCLUSION
The gestational week and cervical changes did not affect the prevalence of the niche. In cases of active labor and preterm deliveries, the CS scar defect was located in the cervical canal; however, in cases of term deliveries, it was located in the isthmic area.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Cesarean Section; Cicatrix; Prospective Studies; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 36972013
DOI: 10.1007/s40477-022-00767-z -
F&S Reports Sep 2023To report the use of progressive, high-frequency movement-based dilator therapy (MBDT) to create a neovagina in a patient with congenital vaginal agenesis.
OBJECTIVE
To report the use of progressive, high-frequency movement-based dilator therapy (MBDT) to create a neovagina in a patient with congenital vaginal agenesis.
DESIGN
Case report.
SETTING
Tertiary care military hospital.
PATIENTS
A 22-year-old woman with congenital vaginal agenesis.
INTERVENTIONS
Self-directed MBDT.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Vaginal elongation by self-directed MBDT.
RESULTS
The patient achieved a 6.5-cm vaginal length after 6 pelvic health physical therapy sessions over a span of 4 months of progressive, high-frequency MBDT.
CONCLUSIONS
Progressive, high-frequency MBDT should be considered as part of a first-line dilator therapy regimen for patients with congenital vaginal agenesis interested in creating a neovagina.
PubMed: 37719101
DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2023.05.007 -
Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology Dec 2023To present a case of concurrent uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and isthmocele, treated with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAC) embolization of the AVM...
OBJECTIVE
To present a case of concurrent uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and isthmocele, treated with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAC) embolization of the AVM followed by robotic isthmocele repair.
DESIGN
A stepwise video demonstration with narration.
SETTING
A tertiary care academic hospital. Patient is a 37-year-old with one previous cesarean section who presented with persistent heavy vaginal bleeding after a dilation and evacuation procedure. Imaging showed evidence of an isthmocele and an iatrogenic uterine AVM secondary to the dilation and evacuation procedure. Both entities are morbid conditions associated with significant operative blood loss. Embolization of the acquired AVM was first performed to stabilize bleeding. In addition, owing to the extensive uterine defect and history of infertility, surgical repair of the isthmocele was recommended.
INTERVENTIONS
A multidisciplinary approach combining interventional radiology and gynecologic surgery expertise, implementing several strategies to minimize blood loss: 1. Image-guided uterine AVM embolization with EVAC [1] 2. Hysteroscopic identification of isthmocele and residual EVAC in the cavity, with fluorescence transillumination to clearly delineate isthmocele borders 3. Robot-assisted laparoscopic approach for bladder flap creation, as well as retroperitoneal space dissection to skeletonize uterine arteries 4. Transient occlusion of uterine arteries using vascular clamps to minimize operative blood loss given the isthmocele size and its proximity to the left uterine artery 5. Resection of the isthmocele and removal of residual intracavitary EVAC 6. Multilayer, bidirectional hysterotomy closure and vascular clamp removal to restore uterine blood supply CONCLUSIONS: Successful multidisciplinary treatment of concurrent uterine AVM and isthmocele. Cesarean delivery at 36 to 37 weeks' gestational age was recommended for future deliveries.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Adult; Cesarean Section; Blood Loss, Surgical; Cicatrix; Uterus; Arteriovenous Malformations; Laparoscopy
PubMed: 37827235
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2023.10.002 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Apr 2024In 2018, the World Health Organization published a set of recommendations for further emphasis on the quality of intrapartum care to improve the childbirth experience.... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
In 2018, the World Health Organization published a set of recommendations for further emphasis on the quality of intrapartum care to improve the childbirth experience. This study aimed to determine the effects of the WHO intrapartum care model on the childbirth experience, fear of childbirth, the quality of intrapartum care (primary outcomes), as well as post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, postpartum depression, the duration of childbirth stages, the frequency of vaginal childbirth, Apgar score less than 7, desire for subsequent childbearing, and exclusive breastfeeding in the 4 to 6 weeks postpartum period (secondary outcomes).
METHODS
This study was a randomized controlled trial involving 108 pregnant women admitted to the maternity units of Al-Zahra and Taleghani hospitals in Tabriz-Iran. Participants were allocated to either the intervention group, which received care according to the ' 'intrapartum care model, or the control group, which received the' 'hospital's routine care, using the blocked randomization method. A Partograph chart was drawn for each participant during pregnancy. A delivery fear scale was completed by all participants both before the beginning of the active phase (pre-intervention) and during 7 to 8 cm dilation (post-intervention). Participants in both groups were followed up for 4 to 6 weeks after childbirth and were asked to complete questionnaires on childbirth experience, postpartum depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, as well as the pregnancy and childbirth questionnaire and checklists on the desire to have children again and exclusive breastfeeding. The data were analyzed using independent T and Mann-Whitney U tests and analysis of covariance ANCOVA with adjustments for the parity variable and the baseline scores or childbirth fear.
RESULTS
The average score for the childbirth experience total was notably higher in the intervention group (Adjusted Mean Difference (AMD) (95% Confidence Interval (CI)): 7.0 (0.6 to 0.8), p < 0.001). Similarly, the intrapartum care quality score exhibited a significant increase in the intervention group (AMD (95% CI): 7.0 (4.0 to 10), p < 0.001). Furthermore, the post-intervention fear of childbirth score demonstrated a substantial decrease in the intervention group (AMD (95% CI): -16.0 (-22.0 to -10.0), p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of mean scores for depression, PTSD symptoms, duration of childbirth stages, frequency of vaginal childbirth, Apgar score less than 7, and exclusive breastfeeding in the 4 to 6 weeks postpartum (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The intrapartum care model endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) has demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing childbirth experiences and increasing maternal satisfaction with the quality of obstetric care. Additionally, it contributes to the reduction of fear associated with labor and childbirth. Future research endeavors should explore strategies to prioritize and integrate respectful, high-quality care during labor and childbirth alongside clinical measures.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Delivery, Obstetric; Depression, Postpartum; Labor, Obstetric; Parturition; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 38632530
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06449-4 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Jan 2024Recent reviews have reported inconclusive results regarding the usefulness of consuming dates (Phoenix dactylifera L. fruit) in the peripartum period. Hence, this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Is oral consumption of dates (Phoenix dactylifera L. fruit) in the peripartum period effective and safe integrative care to facilitate childbirth and improve perinatal outcomes: a comprehensive revised systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Recent reviews have reported inconclusive results regarding the usefulness of consuming dates (Phoenix dactylifera L. fruit) in the peripartum period. Hence, this updated systematic review with meta-analysis sought to investigate the efficacy and safety of this integrated intervention in facilitating childbirth and improving perinatal outcomes.
METHODS
Eight data sources were searched comprehensively from their inception until April 30, 2023. Parallel-group randomized and non-randomized controlled trials published in any language were included if conducted during peripartum (i.e., third trimester of pregnancy, late pregnancy, labor, or postpartum) to assess standard care plus oral consumption of dates versus standard care alone or combined with other alternative interventions. The Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias (RoB) assessment tools and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) were employed to evaluate the potential RoB and the overall quality of the evidence, respectively. Sufficient data were pooled by a random-effect approach utilizing Stata software.
RESULTS
Of 2,460 records in the initial search, 48 studies reported in 55 publications were included. Data were insufficient for meta-analysis regarding fetal, neonatal, or infant outcomes; nonetheless, most outcomes were not substantially different between dates consumer and standard care groups. However, meta-analyses revealed that dates consumption in late pregnancy significantly shortened the length of gestation and labor, except for the second labor stage; declined the need for labor induction; accelerated spontaneity of delivery; raised cervical dilatation (CD) upon admission, Bishop score, and frequency of spontaneous vaginal delivery. The dates intake in labor also significantly reduced labor duration, except for the third labor stage, and increased CD two hours post-intervention. Moreover, the intervention during postpartum significantly boosted the breast milk quantity and reduced post-delivery hemorrhage. Likewise, dates supplementation in the third trimester of pregnancy significantly increased maternal hemoglobin levels. The overall evidence quality was also unacceptable, and RoB was high in most studies. Furthermore, the intervention's safety was recorded only in four trials.
CONCLUSION
More well-designed investigations are required to robustly support consuming dates during peripartum as effective and safe integrated care.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO Registration No: CRD42023399626.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Fruit; Labor, Obstetric; Parturition; Peripartum Period; Phoeniceae; Infant
PubMed: 38166785
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06196-y -
American Journal of Perinatology Jul 2024The risk of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular leukomalacia is associated with low birth weight and gestational age. Caesarean section (CS) may...
OBJECTIVE
The risk of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular leukomalacia is associated with low birth weight and gestational age. Caesarean section (CS) may reduce the risk of IVH, although it has been a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the mode of delivery (MOD) on the development of IVH and cystic periventricular leukomalacia (cPVL).
STUDY DESIGN
We analyzed an initial cohort of 11,023 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants born between January 2010 and December 2019. Infants with major malformations and gestational age <23 weeks and ≥32 weeks were excluded. A final cohort of 8,251 newborns was analyzed. Data was collected from Portuguese National very low birth weight registry. Cases were classified as vaginal delivery (VD) or CS. Outcome was assessed in univariate and logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
The median gestational age was 29 weeks (IQR 3.3) and the median weight was 1,100 g (IQR 555). The prevalence of IVH was significantly higher in the VD group versus the CS group, across all grading levels:1,144 newborns had grade I IVH (16% VD vs. 14% CS, <0.01), 706 had grade II IVH (12% VD vs. 7.6% CS, <0.01), and 777 had grade III IVH (14% VD vs. 7.9% CS, <0.01). Post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation occurred in 457 newborns (8.3% VD vs. 4.6% CS, <0.01) and 456 newborns had periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (8.4% VD vs. 4.5% CS, <0.01). There was no association between MOD and cPVL. After applying a logistic regression analysis, including known risk factors for IVH and cPVL, VD was independently associated with an increased risk of IVH (odds ratio [OR] 1.600[1.423-1.799], <0.001) and its complications (OR 1.440[1.195-1.735], <0.001). MOD was not associated with an increased risk of cPVL.
CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that CS is associated with a reduced risk of IVH and its complications in preterm VLBW infants < 32 weeks of gestational age. A CS should be considered in this group of infants to prevent the development of IVH and its complications.
KEY POINTS
· IVH and cPVL are risk factors for neurological disabilities.. · CS may decrease the risk of IVH in preterms <32 weeks GA.. · There is no association between the MOD and cPVL..
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Female; Cesarean Section; Male; Gestational Age; Leukomalacia, Periventricular; Delivery, Obstetric; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Portugal; Cerebral Intraventricular Hemorrhage; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Logistic Models; Retrospective Studies; Registries
PubMed: 35378547
DOI: 10.1055/a-1815-1842 -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Feb 2024The incidence of second stage cesarean delivery has been rising globally because of the failure or the anticipated difficulty of performing instrumental delivery. Yet,...
BACKGROUND
The incidence of second stage cesarean delivery has been rising globally because of the failure or the anticipated difficulty of performing instrumental delivery. Yet, the best way to interpret the figure and its optimal rate remain to be determined. This is because it is strongly influenced by the practice of other 2 modes of birth, namely cesarean delivery performed before reaching the second stage and assisted vaginal birth during the second stage. In this regard, a bubble chart that can display 3-dimensional data through its x-axis, y-axis, and the size of each plot (presented as a bubble) may be a suitable method to evaluate the relationship between the rates of these 3 modes of births.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to conduct an epidemiologic study on the incidence of second stage cesarean deliveries rates among >300,000 singleton term births in 10 years from 8 obstetrical units and to compare their second stage cesarean delivery rates in relation to their pre-second stage cesarean delivery rates and assisted vaginal birth rates using a bubble chart.
STUDY DESIGN
The territory-wide birth data collected between 2009 and 2018 from all 8 public obstetrical units (labelled as A to H) were reviewed. The inclusion criteria were all singleton pregnancies with cephalic presentation that were delivered at term (≥37 weeks' gestation). Pre-second stage cesarean delivery rate was defined as all elective cesarean deliveries and those emergency cesarean deliveries that occurred before full cervical dilatation was achieved as a proportion of the total number of births. The second stage cesarean delivery rate and assisted vaginal birth rate were calculated according to the respective mode of delivery as a proportion of the number of cases that reached full cervical dilatation. The rates of these 3 modes of births were compared among the parity groups and among the 8 units. Using a bubble chart, each unit's second stage cesarean delivery rate (y-axis) was plotted against its pre-second stage cesarean delivery rate (x-axis) as a bubble. Each unit's second stage cesarean delivery to assisted vaginal birth ratio was represented by the size of the bubble.
RESULTS
During the study period, a total of 353,434 singleton cephalic presenting term pregnancies were delivered in the 8 units, and 180,496 (51.1%) were from nulliparous mothers. When compared with the multiparous group, the nulliparous group had a significantly lower pre-second stage cesarean delivery rate (18.58% vs 21.26%; P<.001) but a higher second stage cesarean delivery rate (0.79% vs 0.22%; P<.001) and a higher assisted vaginal birth rate (17.61% vs 3.58%; P<.001). Using the bubble of their averages as a reference point in the bubble chart, the 8 units' bubbles were clustered into 5 regions indicating their differences in practice: unit B and unit H were close to the average in the center. Unit A and unit F were at the upper right corner with a higher pre-second stage cesarean delivery rate and second stage cesarean delivery rate. Unit D and unit E were at the opposite end. Unit C was at the upper left corner with a low pre-second stage cesarean delivery rate but a high second stage cesarean delivery rate, whereas unit G was at the opposite end. Unit C and unit G were also in the extremes in terms of pre-second stage cesarean delivery to assisted vaginal birth ratio (0.09 and 0.01, respectively). Although some units seemed to have very similar second stage cesarean delivery rates, their obstetrical practices were differentiated by the bubble chart.
CONCLUSION
The second stage cesarean delivery rate must be evaluated in the context of the rates of pre-second stage cesarean delivery and assisted vaginal birth. A bubble chart is a useful method for analyzing the relationship among these 3 variables to differentiate the obstetrical practice between different units.
PubMed: 38408623
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.02.283 -
American Journal of Obstetrics &... Jun 2024To systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and perform a meta-analysis comparing early amniotomy with delayed amniotomy in individuals undergoing... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and perform a meta-analysis comparing early amniotomy with delayed amniotomy in individuals undergoing pre-induction cervical ripening by Foley balloon. The primary outcome was the rate of cesarean delivery. Understanding the impact of the timing of amniotomy on the rate of cesarean delivery is crucial for obstetricians and healthcare providers when making decisions about the management of labor induction.
DATA SOURCES
Data were sourced from electronic databases, including PubMed, OVID, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov through February 2024. The review adhered to Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (ID CRD42023454520).
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Inclusion criteria comprised RCTs comparing early amniotomy with delayed amniotomy in individuals undergoing cervical ripening by Foley balloon. Early amniotomy was defined as amniotomy soon after cervical ripening. Delayed amniotomy was defined as withholding amniotomy until after the onset of the active phase of labor, until at least 4 hours from either initiation of oxytocin or Foley balloon removal/expulsion, or until achieving > 4 cm of dilation. Participants included nulliparous or multiparous individuals with singleton pregnancies undergoing labor induction at 37 weeks or later.
STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS
A systematic literature search was conducted using defined search terms including "early amniotomy", "delayed amniotomy", "induction of labor", "cervical ripening", and "Foley balloon", and "Foley catheter." The quality of the included trials was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome was cesarean delivery. Secondary outcomes included outcomes related to labor duration and neonatal outcomes. Pooled relative risks (RR) and weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
RESULTS
Five trials involving 849 participants undergoing induction and cervical ripening by Foley balloon were included. The rate of cesarean delivery did not differ between individuals randomly assigned to the early amniotomy group compared with those assigned to the delayed amniotomy group (22.9% vs 23.3%; RR 1.00; 95%CI, 0.65-1.55). Early amniotomy compared to delayed amniotomy was associated with a higher proportion of delivery within 24 hours (79.9% vs. 67.1%; RR 1.19; 95%CI 1.04-1.36). Early amniotomy compared with delayed amniotomy was associated with a shorter interval from oxytocin to delivery (WMD -1.5 hours; 95%CI -2.1- -0.8), from Foley expulsion to vaginal delivery (WMD -2.5 hours; 95%CI -4.8- -0.1), and from the start of oxytocin to vaginal delivery (WMD -1.8 hours; 95%CI -3.2- -0.4). Other outcomes were not significantly different.
CONCLUSION
Early amniotomy following cervical ripening by Foley balloon in individuals with singleton pregnancies did not impact rates of cesarean delivery compared with delayed amniotomy but led to shorter duration for various labor progress outcomes.
PubMed: 38897352
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2024.101408 -
Urology Apr 2024To review the literature and report the incidence of vaginal stenosis (VS) after vaginoplasty and compare the incidence rates by surgical technique and follow-up...
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature and report the incidence of vaginal stenosis (VS) after vaginoplasty and compare the incidence rates by surgical technique and follow-up duration.
METHODS
We performed a systematic literature review according to PRISMA guidelines. Original research on primary vaginoplasty was included. Exclusion criteria included non-English studies, mixed cohorts without subgroup analysis, revision vaginoplasty, and papers without stenosis rates. The search was ran in Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane on September 9, 2022. Stenosis rates were compared with descriptive statistics using SPSS.
RESULTS
Fifty-nine studies with a cumulative 7338 subjects were included. The overall incidence of VS was 5.83% (range 0%-34.2%). Combining VS with introital stenosis (IS) and contracture results in a cumulative incidence of 9.68%. The rate of VS in the penile inversion vaginoplasty subgroup (PIV) was 5.70%, compared to 0.20% in primary intestinal vaginoplasty. The rate of IS in the PIV group was 3.13% and 4.7% in the intestinal vaginoplasty subgroup.
CONCLUSION
The overall rate of VS was 5.83%, which is lower than previously documented. This may be related to the inclusion of more recent studies and analysis limited to primary vaginoplasty. The similar rate of IS in PIV and intestinal vaginoplasty subgroups may be secondary to multiple suture lines and the need for dilation through this anastomosis. Our research demonstrates a need for a standardized definition of VS.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Constriction, Pathologic; Vagina; Vulva; Penis; Intestines; Sex Reassignment Surgery; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38364980
DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2024.02.005