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Progres En Urologie : Journal de... Nov 2023Among couples consulting for infertility, there is a male component, either alone or associated with a female aetiology in around one in 2 cases. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Among couples consulting for infertility, there is a male component, either alone or associated with a female aetiology in around one in 2 cases.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Bibliographic search in PubMed using the keywords "male infertility", "diagnosis", "management" and "evaluation" limited to clinical articles in English and French prior to 1/01/2023.
RESULTS
The AFU recommends: (1) a complete medical history including: family history, patient history affecting fertility, lifestyle habits (toxicity), treatments, symptoms, sexual dysfunctions; (2) a physical examination including: BMI, signs of hypogonadism, secondary sexual characteristics, scrotal examination (volume and consistency of testes, vas deferens, epididymal or testicular nodules, presence of varicocele); (3) two spermograms, if abnormal on the first; (4) a systematic scrotal ultrasound,± an endorectal ultrasound depending on the clinic; (5) a hormonal work-up (testosterone, FSH; if testosterone is low: LH assay to differentiate between central or peripheral hypogonadism); (6) karyotype if sperm concentration≤10 million/mL; (7) evaluation of Y chromosome microdeletions if concentration≤1 million/mL; (8) evaluation of the CFTR gene in cases of suspected bilateral or unilateral agenesis of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles. The role and usefulness of direct and indirect tests to assess the effects of oxidative stress on sperm DNA will also be explained.
CONCLUSION
This review complements and updates the AFU/SALF 2021 recommendations.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Semen; Infertility, Male; Testis; Testosterone; Hypogonadism
PubMed: 38012906
DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2023.09.027 -
Japanese Journal of Radiology Apr 2024This review focuses on inflammatory diseases of female and male genital organs and discusses their epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and imaging... (Review)
Review
This review focuses on inflammatory diseases of female and male genital organs and discusses their epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and imaging findings. The female section covers pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) primarily caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that affect the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Unusual causes such as actinomycosis and tuberculosis have also been explored. The male section delves into infections affecting the vas deferens, epididymis, testes, prostate, and seminal vesicles. Uncommon causes such as tuberculosis, and Zinner syndrome have also been discussed. In addition, this review highlights other conditions that mimic male genital tract infections such as vasculitis, IgG4-related diseases, and sarcoidosis. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of these inflammatory diseases are essential for preventing serious complications and infertility. Imaging modalities such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography play a crucial role in diagnosis. Understanding the diverse etiologies and imaging findings is vital for the effective management of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Genitalia; Uterus; Prostate; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 38165529
DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01518-8 -
Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology Dec 2023RS17053 is classed as an α -adrenoceptor selective antagonist.
BACKGROUND
RS17053 is classed as an α -adrenoceptor selective antagonist.
OBJECTIVES
We have examined its profile of action at all subtypes of α -adrenoceptor.
METHODS
Noradrenaline (NA) evoked contractions of rat vas deferens involve α -adrenoceptors in phasic contractions and α -adrenoceptors in tonic contractions. Contractions of rat aorta to NA involve α - and α -adrenoceptors.
RESULTS
RS17053 (10 M) shifted NA potency and virtually abolished tonic contractions to NA, with little or limited effect on phasic contractions. The α -adrenoceptor antagonist BMY7378 (3 × 10 M) significantly inhibited the remaining phasic component of the contractions, and the α -adrenoceptor antagonist RS100329 (10 M) inhibited further the residual tonic contraction. Hence, RS17053 shows high selectivity for α -adrenoceptors over α -adrenoceptors in rat vas deferens. However, RS17053 (10 M) produced a large shift in the potency of NA in rat aorta, with a pK of 6.82. Large shifts of NA potency in rat aorta involve α -adrenoceptor blockade.
CONCLUSION
Results in rat vas deferens demonstrate low potency of RS17053 at α -adrenoceptors, but results from rat aorta can only be explained as demonstrating α -adrenoceptor antagonism by RS17053. RS17053 may be a useful pharmacological tool when reclassified as a mainly α - and to a lesser extent α -adrenoceptor antagonist with little effect at α -adrenoceptors.
Topics: Male; Rats; Animals; Prazosin; Vas Deferens; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; Norepinephrine; Aorta
PubMed: 37392126
DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12930 -
Disease Models & Mechanisms Mar 2024International Women's Day 2024 has a theme of inclusion. As publishers of preclinical research, we aim to show how inclusion of females in research advances scientific...
International Women's Day 2024 has a theme of inclusion. As publishers of preclinical research, we aim to show how inclusion of females in research advances scientific rigor and improves treatment reliability. Sexual reproduction is key to all life across the plant and animal kingdoms. Biological sex takes many forms that are morphologically differentiated during development: stamens versus pistils in plants; color and plumage in birds; fallopian tubes versus vas deferens in mammals; and differences in size, for instance, males are smaller in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Physical differences may be obvious, but many traits may be more obscure, including hormonal, physiological and metabolic factors. These traits have a big influence on disease and responses to treatment. Thus, we call for improved inclusion, analysis and reporting of sex as a biological variable in preclinical animal modeling research.
Topics: Animals; Male; Humans; Female; Drosophila melanogaster; Reproducibility of Results; Drosophila; Fallopian Tubes; Phenotype; Mammals; Drosophila Proteins; DEAD-box RNA Helicases
PubMed: 38450661
DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050759 -
Cureus Dec 2023Inflammation of the vas deferens, or vasitis, is a rarely reported condition that can manifest as either acutely painful infectious vasitis or predominantly asymptomatic...
Inflammation of the vas deferens, or vasitis, is a rarely reported condition that can manifest as either acutely painful infectious vasitis or predominantly asymptomatic vasitis nodosa. Acute vasitis is usually presented with ambiguous clinical findings, and a scan is required for a definitive diagnosis. Retrograde urinary pathogens are typically the cause, and it is treatable conservatively. We present a male in his 40s with a one-day history of right groin pain and a history of right indirect inguinal hernia. On examination, there was an impression of an incarcerated inguinal hernia. A CT scan revealed thickening and inflammatory changes associated with the inguinal canal and a picture of the rare inflammatory condition, acute vasitis. This case report illustrates the significance of understanding the wide range of possible diagnoses associated with acute groin pain and swelling and the importance of imaging in the diagnosis, which might help avoid needless operation.
PubMed: 38288181
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51337 -
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of... Oct 20236-Nitrodopamine (6-ND) is a novel endogenous catecholamine that is released from the rat isolated vas deferens, and has been characterized as a major modulator of the...
6-Nitrodopamine (6-ND) is a novel endogenous catecholamine that is released from the rat isolated vas deferens, and has been characterized as a major modulator of the contractility of rat isolated epididymal vas deferens (RIEVD). Drugs such as tricyclic antidepressants, α and ββ adrenoceptor blockers, act as selective antagonists of the 6-ND receptor in the RIEVD. In the rat isolated atria, 6-ND has a potent positive chronotropic action and causes remarkable potentiation of the positive chronotropic effects induced by dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Here, whether 6-ND interacts with the classical catecholamines in the rat isolated vas deferens was investigated. Incubation with 6-ND (0.1 and 1 nM; 30min) caused no contractions in the RIEVD but provoked significant leftward shifts in the concentration-response curves to noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine. Pre-incubation of the RIEVD with 6-ND (1 nM), potentiated the contractions induced by electric-field stimulation (EFS), whereas pre-incubation with 1 nM of dopamine, noradrenaline or adrenaline, did not affect EFS-induced contractions. In tetrodotoxin (1 μM) pre-treated (30 min) RIEVD, pre-incubation with 6-ND (0.1 nM) did not cause leftward shifts in the concentration-dependent contractions induced by noradrenaline, adrenaline, or dopamine. Pre-incubation of the RIEVD with the α-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan (30 min, 10 nM) did not affect dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and EFS-induced contractions. However, when idazoxan (10 nM) and 6-ND (0.1 nM) were simultaneously pre-incubated (30 min), a significant potentiation of the EFS-induced contractions of the RIEVD was observed. 6-nitrodopamine causes remarkable potentiation of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline contractions on the RIEVD, due to activation of adrenergic terminals, possibly via pre-synaptic adrenoceptors.
Topics: Male; Rats; Animals; Norepinephrine; Vas Deferens; Epinephrine; Dopamine; Idazoxan; Catecholamines; Receptors, Adrenergic; Electric Stimulation; Muscle Contraction
PubMed: 37014401
DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02478-6 -
Urology Sep 2023Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Due to the distribution of the... (Review)
Review
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Due to the distribution of the CFTR protein, CF presents with a heterogeneous phenotype. Men with CF may present with infertility due to congenital abnormalities of the vas deferens. In addition, they may experience testosterone deficiency. Today, they can father biological children with assisted reproductive technologies. We reviewed the current literature on the pathophysiology of these conditions, describe interventions that allow men with CF to conceive biological children, and provide recommendations for management of CF patients with reproductive health concerns.
PubMed: 37380131
DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.06.017