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BMC Microbiology Nov 2023Infantile cholestasis (IC) is the most common hepatobiliary disease in infants, resulting in elevated direct bilirubin levels. Indeed, hepatointestinal circulation...
BACKGROUND
Infantile cholestasis (IC) is the most common hepatobiliary disease in infants, resulting in elevated direct bilirubin levels. Indeed, hepatointestinal circulation impacts bile acid and bilirubin metabolism. This study evaluates changes in the gut microbiota composition in children with IC and identifies abnormal metabolite profiles associated with microbial alterations.
RESULTS
The gut microbiota in the IC group exhibits the higher abundance of Veillonella, Streptococcus and Clostridium spp. (P < 0.05), compared to healthy infants (CON) group. Moreover, the abundance of Ruminococcus, Vibrio butyricum, Eubacterium coprostanogenes group, Intestinibacter, and Faecalibacterium were lower (P < 0.05). In terms of microbiota-derived metabolites, the levels of fatty acids (palmitoleic, α-linolenic, arachidonic, and linoleic) (P < 0.05) increased and the levels of amino acids decreased in IC group. Furthermore, the abundances of Ruminococcus, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, Intestinibacter and Butyrivibrio are positively correlated with proline, asparagine and aspartic acid, but negatively correlated with the α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid and arachidonic acid. For analysis of the relationship between the microbiota and clinical index, it was found that the abundance of Veillonella and Streptococcus was positively correlated with serum bile acid content (P < 0.05), while APTT, PT and INR were negatively correlated with Faecalibalum and Ruminococcus (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Microbiota dysbiosis happened in IC children, which also can lead to the abnormal metabolism, thus obstructing the absorption of enteral nutrition and aggravating liver cell damage. Veillonella, Ruminococcus and Butyrivibrio may be important microbiome related with IC and need further research.
Topics: Infant; Child; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cholestasis; Liver; Streptococcus; Bilirubin; Bile Acids and Salts
PubMed: 37980506
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03115-1 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024The incidence of biliary system diseases has been continuously increasing in the past decade. Biliary system diseases bring a heavy burden to humanity and society....
INTRODUCTION
The incidence of biliary system diseases has been continuously increasing in the past decade. Biliary system diseases bring a heavy burden to humanity and society. However, the specific etiology and pathogenesis are still unknown. The biliary system, as a bridge between the liver and intestine, plays an indispensable role in maintaining the physiological metabolism of the body. Therefore, prevention and treatment of biliary diseases are crucial. It is worth noting that the microorganisms participate in the lipid metabolism of the bile duct, especially the largest proportion of intestinal bacteria.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed the intestinal microbiota in patients with gallstones (GS), non-calculous biliary inflammatory, and biliary tract cancer (BTC). And searched Pubmed, Embase and Web of science for research studies published up to November 2023.
RESULTS
We found that the abundance of Faecalibacterium genus is decreased in GS, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and BTC. Veillonella, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus genus were significantly increased in PSC, PBC and BTC. Interestingly, we found that the relative abundance of Clostridium was generally reduced in GS, PBC and BTC. However, Clostridium was generally increased in PSC.
DISCUSSION
The existing research mostly focuses on exploring the mechanisms of bacteria targeting a single disease. Lacking comparison of multiple diseases and changes in bacteria during the disease process. We hope to provide biomarkers forearly diagnosis of biliary system diseases and provide new directions for the mechanism of intestinal microbiota in biliary diseases.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cholangitis, Sclerosing; Biliary Tract; Liver; Biomarkers; Bacteria
PubMed: 38558851
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1362933 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2023The etiology of preterm birth (PTB) is heterogeneous and not yet well known. Maternal periodontal disease has been investigated for decades and is a known risk factor...
BACKGROUND
The etiology of preterm birth (PTB) is heterogeneous and not yet well known. Maternal periodontal disease has been investigated for decades and is a known risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, no particular bacterial species or higher taxonomic order has been found as causative of PTB, leading to studies of the whole oral microbiome. In order to determine if and how the composition of the oral microbiome is associated with PTB, we performed a large case-control study including women with term (TB) and PTB.
METHODS
We compared oral microbiomes in PTB to TB, to examine differences in the microbial richness, diversity, and differential abundance of specific taxa. We obtained oral swab samples from 152 Caucasian pregnant women who were classified as either PTB (≤36 6/7 weeks, = 61) or TB (≥38 0/7 weeks, = 91) in exclusion of any other major medical or obstetric conditions. The oral microbiomes of these women were characterized by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region on the MiSeq platform.
RESULTS
The dominant microorganisms at the phylum level in all pregnant women regardless of birth week outcomes as belonging to , and . The phyla and were relatively more abundant in women with a PTB than in women with a TB, while was less prevalent in women with a PTB. At the genus level, , , and were enriched in the PTB, and while many of the members of these genera could not be resolved to the species level, was shown to be increased in the PTB group.
CONCLUSION
We identified the genera , , and in the maternal oral microbiome as being associated with PTB independently of clinically apparent infection, uterine anomalies, and other pregnancy complications, including placenta previa, and placental abruption. The clarification of the role of those taxa in the etiology of PTB merits further research.
PubMed: 37608830
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1177990 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Despite the growing body of evidence, the link between the gut microbiota and different types of tumors, such as colorectal, gastric, and liver cancer, is becoming more...
INTRODUCTION
Despite the growing body of evidence, the link between the gut microbiota and different types of tumors, such as colorectal, gastric, and liver cancer, is becoming more apparent. The gut microbiota can be used as a reference for evaluating various diseases, including cancer, and can also act as risk factors or preventive factors. However, the specific connection between the gut microbiota and the advancement of esophageal cancer has yet to be investigated. Therefore, the aim of this research is to clarify the possible causal influence of intestinal microorganisms on the vulnerability to esophageal cancer through the utilization of Mendelian randomization (MR) studies.
METHODS
In this study, we employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to evaluate the unbiased causal association between 150 different gut microbiota types and the occurrence of esophageal cancer. Following the selection from the IEU GWAS database and SNP filtration, we utilized various MR statistical techniques on the suitable instrumental variables. These included IVW methods, employing inverse variance weighting. Additionally, we performed a range of sensitivity analyses to confirm the heterogeneity and pleiotropy of the instrumental variables, thus ensuring the reliability of the outcomes.
RESULTS
The increased likelihood of developing esophageal cancer is linked to the genetically predicted high levels of , and . Conversely, a decreased risk of esophageal cancer is associated with the high abundance of , and . No heterogeneity and pleiotropy were detected in the sensitivity analysis.
DISCUSSION
We found that 11 types of gut microbial communities are associated with esophageal cancer, thereby confirming that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the path.
PubMed: 38107856
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1286598 -
Cancer Science Dec 2023To investigate the potential of the gut microbiome as a biomarker for predicting the early recurrence of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we enrolled 124...
To investigate the potential of the gut microbiome as a biomarker for predicting the early recurrence of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we enrolled 124 patients diagnosed with HBV-associated HCC and 82 HBV-related hepatitis, and 86 healthy volunteers in our study, collecting 292 stool samples for 16S rRNA sequencing and 35 tumor tissue samples for targeted metabolomics. We performed an integrated bioinformatics analysis of gut microbiome and tissue metabolome data to explore the gut microbial-liver metabolite axis associated with the early recurrence of HCC. We constructed a predictive model based on the gut microbiota and validated its efficacy in the temporal validation cohort. Dialister, Veillonella, the Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, and Lactobacillus genera, as well as the Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bifidobacterium faecale species, were associated with an early recurrence of HCC. We also found that 23 metabolites, including acetic acid, glutamate, and arachidonic acid, were associated with the early recurrence of HCC. A comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiome and tissue metabolome revealed that the entry of gut microbe-derived acetic acid into the liver to supply energy for tumor growth and proliferation may be a potential mechanism for the recurrence of HCC mediated by gut microbe. We constructed a nomogram to predict early recurrence by combining differential microbial species and clinical indicators, achieving an AUC of 78.0%. Our study suggested that gut microbes may serve as effective biomarkers for predicting early recurrence of HCC, and the gut microbial-tumor metabolite axis may explain the potential mechanism by which gut microbes promote the early recurrence of HCC.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hepatitis B virus; Liver Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Biomarkers; Acetates
PubMed: 37778742
DOI: 10.1111/cas.15983 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023The present study aims to investigate the effect of (Hp) infection on gastric mucosal microbiota in patients with chronic gastritis.
OBJECTIVE
The present study aims to investigate the effect of (Hp) infection on gastric mucosal microbiota in patients with chronic gastritis.
METHODS
Here recruited a population of 193 patients with both chronic gastritis and positive rapid urease, including 124 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and 69 patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis (nCAG). Immunoblotting was used to detect four serum Hp antibodies (UreA, UreB, VacA and CagA) to determine the types of virulent Hp-I and avirulent Hp-II infections. Gastric microbiota was profiled by 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region, and R software was used to present the relationship between the microbial characteristics and the type of Hp infection.
RESULTS
In the stomach of patients with Hp-positive gastritis, the dominant gastric bacterial genera included (23.94%), (20.28%), (9.99%), (9.21%), (5.05%), and (4.75%). The proportion of Hp-I infection was significantly higher in CAG patients (91.1%) than in nCAG patients (71.0%) ( < 0.001). The gastric microbiota richness index (observed OTUs, Chao) was significantly lower in CAG patients than in nCAG patients (0.05). Compared with avirulent Hp-II infection, virulent Hp-I infection significantly decreased the Shannon index in CAG patients (0.05). In nCAG patients, Hp-I infected patients had lower abundances of several dominant gastric bacteria (, , , , ) than Hp-II infected patients. Meanwhile, in CAG patients, Hp-I infected patients occupied lower abundances of several dominant oral bacteria (, and ) than Hp-II infected patients. In addition, bile reflux significantly promoted the colonization of dominant oral microbiota (, and ) in the stomach of CAG patients. There was no significant symbiotic relationship between bacteria and non- bacteria in the stomach of nCAG patients, while bacteria distinctly linked with the non- bacteria (, , , and ) in CAG patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Virulent Hp infection alters the gastric microbiota, reduces microbial diversity, and enhances the symbiotic relationship between the bacteria and non- bacteria in patients with chronic gastritis. The data provides new evidence for treating Hp infection by improving the gastric microbiota.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Gastritis
PubMed: 37662018
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1221433 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2023Primary liver cancer (PLC), which includes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has the highest incidence of all cancer types in...
Primary liver cancer (PLC), which includes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has the highest incidence of all cancer types in Thailand. Known etiological factors, such as viral hepatitis and chronic liver disease do not fully account for the country's unusually high incidence. However, the gut-liver axis, which contributes to carcinogenesis and disease progression, is influenced by the gut microbiome. To investigate this relationship, fecal matter from 44 Thai PLC patients and 76 healthy controls were subjected to whole-genome metagenomic shotgun sequencing and then analyzed by marker gene-based and assembly based methods. Results revealed greater gut microbiome heterogeneity in iCCA compared to HCC and healthy controls. Two Veillonella species were found to be more abundant in iCCA samples and could distinguish iCCA from HCC and healthy controls. Conversely, Ruminococcus gnavus was depleted in iCCA patients and could distinguish HCC from iCCA samples. High Veillonella genus counts in the iCCA group were associated with enriched amino acid biosynthesis and glycolysis pathways, while enriched phospholipid and thiamine metabolism pathways characterized the HCC group with high Blautia genus counts. These findings reveal distinct landscapes of gut dysbiosis among Thai iCCA and HCC patients and warrant further investigation as potential biomarkers.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Dysbiosis; Southeast Asian People; Thailand; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Cholangiocarcinoma; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic
PubMed: 37452065
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38307-2 -
Microbiome Nov 2023Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common chronic neurological disorder with a high risk of disability and no cure. Periodontitis is an infectious bacterial disease occurring...
BACKGROUND
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common chronic neurological disorder with a high risk of disability and no cure. Periodontitis is an infectious bacterial disease occurring in periodontal supporting tissues. Studies have shown that periodontitis is closely related to PD. However, direct evidence of the effect of periodontitis on PD is lacking. Here, we demonstrated that ligature-induced periodontitis with application of subgingival plaque (LIP-SP) exacerbated motor dysfunction, microglial activation, and dopaminergic neuron loss in 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice.
RESULTS
The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that LIP-SP induced oral and gut dysbiosis. Particularly, Veillonella parvula (V. parvula) and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) from oral ligatures were increased in the fecal samples of MPTP + LIP-SP treated mice. We further demonstrated that V. parvula and S. mutans played crucial roles in LIP-SP mediated exacerbation of motor dysfunction and neurodegeneration in PD mice. V. parvula and S. mutans caused microglial activation in the brain, as well as T helper 1 (Th1) cells infiltration in the brain, cervical lymph nodes, ileum and colon in PD mice. Moreover, we observed a protective effect of IFNγ neutralization on dopaminergic neurons in V. parvula- and S. mutans-treated PD mice.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrates that oral pathogens V. parvula and S. mutans necessitate the existence of periodontitis to exacerbate motor dysfunction and neurodegeneration in MPTP-induced PD mice. The underlying mechanisms include alterations of oral and gut microbiota, along with immune activation in both brain and peripheral regions. Video Abstract.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Parkinson Disease; Th1 Cells; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Dopamine; Periodontitis; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 37978405
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01685-w -
Journal of Autoimmunity Dec 2023To investigate the compositional and functional characteristics of the gut microbiota in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and compare them with those in systemic lupus...
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the compositional and functional characteristics of the gut microbiota in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and compare them with those in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
METHODS
Stool samples from 78 treatment-naïve pSS patients and 78 matched healthy controls were detected by shotgun metagenomic sequencing and compared with those from 49 treatment-naïve SLE patients. The virulence loads and mimotopes of the gut microbiota were also assessed by sequence alignment.
RESULTS
The gut microbiota of treatment-naïve pSS patients had lower richness and evenness and showed a different community distribution than that of healthy controls. The microbial species enriched in the pSS-associated gut microbiota included Lactobacillus salivarius, Bacteroides fragilis, Ruminococcus gnavus, Clostridium bartlettii, Clostridium bolteae, Veillonella parvula, and Streptococcus parasanguinis. Lactobacillus salivarius was the most discriminating species in the pSS patients, especially in those with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Among the differentiating microbial pathways, the superpathway of l-phenylalanine biosynthesis was also further enriched in pSS complicated with ILD. There were more virulence genes carried by the gut microbiota in pSS patients, most of which encoded peritrichous flagella, fimbriae, or curli fimbriae, three types of bacterial surface organelles involved in bacterial colonization and invasion. Five microbial peptides with the potential to mimic pSS-related autoepitopes were also enriched in the pSS gut. SLE and pSS shared significant gut microbial traits, including community distribution, altered microbial taxonomy and pathways, and enriched virulence genes. However, Ruminococcus torques was depleted in pSS patients but enriched in SLE patients compared to healthy controls.
CONCLUSIONS
The gut microbiota in treatment-naïve pSS patients was disturbed and shared significant similarity with that in SLE patients.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Sjogren's Syndrome; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Metagenome; Lung Diseases, Interstitial
PubMed: 37120327
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103050 -
Allergy Nov 2023Because of altered airway microbiome in asthma, we analysed the bacterial species in sputum of patients with severe asthma.
BACKGROUND
Because of altered airway microbiome in asthma, we analysed the bacterial species in sputum of patients with severe asthma.
METHODS
Whole genome sequencing was performed on induced sputum from non-smoking (SAn) and current or ex-smoker (SAs/ex) severe asthma patients, mild/moderate asthma (MMA) and healthy controls (HC). Data were analysed by asthma severity, inflammatory status and transcriptome-associated clusters (TACs).
RESULTS
α-diversity at the species level was lower in SAn and SAs/ex, with an increase in Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae and Tropheryma whipplei, respectively, compared to HC. In neutrophilic asthma, there was greater abundance of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis and in eosinophilic asthma, Tropheryma whipplei was increased. There was a reduction in α-diversity in TAC1 and TAC2 that expressed high levels of Haemophilus influenzae and Tropheryma whipplei, and Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, respectively, compared to HC. Sputum neutrophils correlated positively with Moraxella catarrhalis and negatively with Prevotella, Neisseria and Veillonella species and Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Sputum eosinophils correlated positively with Tropheryma whipplei which correlated with pack-years of smoking. α- and β-diversities were stable at one year.
CONCLUSIONS
Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis were more abundant in severe neutrophilic asthma and TAC2 linked to inflammasome and neutrophil activation, while Haemophilus influenzae and Tropheryma whipplei were highest in SAs/ex and in TAC1 associated with highest expression of IL-13 type 2 and ILC2 signatures with the abundance of Tropheryma whipplei correlating positively with sputum eosinophils. Whether these bacterial species drive the inflammatory response in asthma needs evaluation.
Topics: Humans; Haemophilus influenzae; Moraxella catarrhalis; Sputum; Inflammasomes; Immunity, Innate; Neutrophil Activation; Lymphocytes; Asthma; Bacteria
PubMed: 37287344
DOI: 10.1111/all.15776