-
Frontiers in Oncology 2023Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common type of cancer, with more than half a million new cases annually. This review focuses on the role of oral dysbiosis... (Review)
Review
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common type of cancer, with more than half a million new cases annually. This review focuses on the role of oral dysbiosis and HPV infection in HNCs, presenting the involved taxons, molecular effectors and pathways, as well as the HPV-associated particularities of genetic and epigenetic changes and of the tumor microenvironment occurred in different stages of tumor development. Oral dysbiosis is associated with the evolution of HNCs, through multiple mechanisms such as inflammation, genotoxins release, modulation of the innate and acquired immune response, carcinogens and anticarcinogens production, generation of oxidative stress, induction of mutations. Thus, novel microbiome-derived biomarkers and interventions could significantly contribute to achieving the desideratum of personalized management of oncologic patients, regarding both early diagnosis and treatment. The results reported by different studies are not always congruent regarding the variations in the abundance of different taxons in HNCs. However, there is a consistent reporting of a higher abundance of Gram-negative species such as , which are probably responsible of chronic inflammation and modulation of tumor microenvironment. is the dominant fungi found in oral carcinoma being also associated with shorter survival rate. Specific microbial signatures (e.g., and ) have been associated with later stages and larger tumor, suggesting their potential to be used as biomarkers for tumor stratification and prognosis. On the other hand, increased abundance of is associated with a reduced risk of HNC. Microbiome could also provide biomarkers for differentiating between oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers as well as between HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors. Ongoing clinical trials aim to validate non-invasive tests for microbiome-derived biomarkers detection in oral and throat cancers, especially within high-risk populations. Oro-pharyngeal dysbiosis could also impact the HNCs therapy and associated side-effects of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. HPV-positive tumors harbor fewer mutations, as well as different DNA methylation pattern and tumor microenvironment. Therefore, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which oral microbiota and HPV infection influence the HNC initiation and progression, screening for HPV infection and vaccination against HPV, adopting a good oral hygiene, and preventing oral dysbiosis are important tools for advancing in the battle with this public health global challenge.
PubMed: 38179168
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1273516 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023The global prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is on the rise, prompting significant attention from researchers worldwide. IBD entails chronic inflammatory...
The global prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is on the rise, prompting significant attention from researchers worldwide. IBD entails chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestinal tract, characterized by alternating flares and remissions. Through high-throughput sequencing, numerous studies have unveiled a potential microbial signature for IBD patients showing intestinal enrichment of oral-associated bacteria. Simultaneously, the oral microbiome can be perturbed by intestinal inflammation. Our prior investigation, based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, underscored elevated abundance of spp. and spp. in the salivary microbiomes of IBD patients. Noteworthy, emerged as a distinct species significantly associated with IBD. is an under-recognized pathogen that was found to play a role in both oral and systemic diseases. In this study, we delve deeper into the salivary microbiomes of both IBD patients and healthy controls. Employing diverse cultivation techniques and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions (RT-qPCR), we gauged the prevalence and abundance of spp., spp., and . Our isolation efforts yielded 407 and 168 strains of spp., as well as 173 and 90 strains of spp., from the saliva samples of IBD patients and healthy controls, respectively. Veillonella-vancomycin agar emerged as the discerning choice for optimal spp. cultivation, while Schaedler kanamycin-vancomycin agar proved to be the most suitable medium for cultivating spp. strains. Comparing our RT-qPCR findings to the previous 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data, the results corroborated the higher abundance of spp., spp., and in the saliva of IBD patients compared to healthy controls. However, it's worth noting that in contrast to RT-qPCR, the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data revealed greater absolute abundance of all three bacterial groups in both IBD patients and controls.
Topics: Humans; Veillonella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vancomycin; Agar; Bacteria; Prevotella; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
PubMed: 38053528
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1278582 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2023Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common abdomen clinical emergency. Most APs have mild clinical symptoms and a good prognosis. However, about 20% of patients develop severe...
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common abdomen clinical emergency. Most APs have mild clinical symptoms and a good prognosis. However, about 20% of patients develop severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), increasing morbidity and mortality. The microbiome's impact on AP pathophysiology has received increasing attention. Hence, to explore changes in oral microbial composition in acute pancreatitis, we collected clinical information and oral saliva samples from 136 adult participants: 47 healthy controls, 43 acute mild AP (MAP), 29 moderate AP (MSAP), and 17 severe AP (SAP). Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 663,175 high-quality sequences were identified. The relative abundance and diversity of oral microorganisms in AP patients increased, with decreased beneficial bacteria such as , , and , and increased , and in the AP group. Further changes in microbial composition occurred with increasing disease severity, including a decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria such as , and in MSAP and SAP compared to MAP. Moreover, the Lefse analysis showed that , and were better microbial markers for AP. Therefore, oral microbiome changes could distinguish AP from healthy individuals and serve as an early novel predictor of disease severity in AP patients.
PubMed: 37808891
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2264619 -
Blood Advances Nov 2023We used a next-generation sequencing platform to characterize microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) in plasma samples from patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
We used a next-generation sequencing platform to characterize microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) in plasma samples from patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). In this observational study, we sought to characterize plasma mcfDNA in order to explore its potential association with the immunologic complications of transplantation. We compared serially collected patient samples with plasma collected from healthy control subjects. We observed changes in total mcfDNA burden in the plasma after transplantation, which was most striking during the early posttransplant neutropenic phase. This elevation could be attributed to a number of specific bacterial taxa, including Veillonella, Bacteroides, and Prevotella (genus level). For an additional cohort of patients, we compared the data of mcfDNA from plasma with 16s-ribosomal RNA sequencing data from stool samples collected at matched time points. In a number of patients, we confirmed that mcfDNA derived from specific microbial taxa (eg, Enterococcus) could also be observed in the matched stool sample. Quantification of mcfDNA may generate novel insights into mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiome influences systemic cell populations and, thus, has been associated with outcomes for patients with cancer.
Topics: Humans; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids; Graft vs Host Disease; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Neoplasms; Neutropenia
PubMed: 37399491
DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010208 -
American Journal of Respiratory and... Jul 2023Children with preschool wheezing or school-age asthma are reported to have airway microbial imbalances. To identify clusters in children with asthma or wheezing using...
Children with preschool wheezing or school-age asthma are reported to have airway microbial imbalances. To identify clusters in children with asthma or wheezing using oropharyngeal microbiota profiles. Oropharyngeal swabs from the U-BIOPRED (Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes) pediatric asthma or wheezing cohort were characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed on the Bray-Curtis β-diversity. Enrichment scores of the Molecular Signatures Database hallmark gene sets were computed from the blood transcriptome using gene set variation analysis. Children with severe asthma or severe wheezing were followed up for 12-18 months, with assessment of the frequency of exacerbations. Oropharyngeal samples from 241 children (age range, 1-17 years; 40% female) revealed four taxa-driven clusters dominated by , , , and . The clusters showed significant differences in atopic dermatitis, grass pollen sensitization, FEV% predicted after salbutamol, and annual asthma exacerbation frequency during follow-up. The cluster was the most allergic and included the highest percentage of children with two or more exacerbations per year during follow-up. The oropharyngeal clusters were different in the enrichment scores of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) (highest in the cluster) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling (highest in the cluster) transcriptomic pathways in blood (all values <0.05). Analysis of the oropharyngeal microbiota of children with asthma or wheezing identified four clusters with distinct clinical characteristics (phenotypes) that associate with risk for exacerbation and transcriptomic pathways involved in airway remodeling. This suggests that further exploration of the oropharyngeal microbiota may lead to novel pathophysiologic insights and potentially new treatment approaches.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Transcriptome; Respiratory Sounds; Asthma; Hypersensitivity; Microbiota
PubMed: 37163754
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202211-2107OC -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Modifications in the gut microbiota may be a crucial factor in the efficacy of canagliflozin (Cana) in managing patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However,...
BACKGROUND
Modifications in the gut microbiota may be a crucial factor in the efficacy of canagliflozin (Cana) in managing patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the interplay between oral and ocular surface microbiota and this treatment remains poorly explored.
AIM
This study aimed to assess alterations in the gut, oral, and ocular surface microbiota pre- and post-Cana treatment in patients with T2DM.
METHODS
In this 30-day, controlled before-and-after study, 21 treatment-naïve patients with T2DM received sole treatment with Cana (100 mg/day), and were matched with 10 healthy controls based on gender and age. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, changes in the gut, oral, and ocular surface microbiota pre- and post-Cana treatment were assessed and compared with those of healthy controls. Concurrently, diabetes-related clinical parameters were recorded over the study period. The trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR200034878).
RESULTS
A noticeable shift was observed in the gut, oral, and ocular surface microbiota pre- and post-Cana treatment. The post-Cana treatment gut microbiota was more similar to that of the healthy controls. Network correlation analysis revealed that modifications in the gut, oral, and ocular surface microbiota were related to changes in clinical parameters, especially for the ocular surface microbiota.
CLINICAL PARAMETERS
A significant decrease in fasting plasma glucose (8.22 ± 2.19 6.87 ± 1.09 mmol/L), glycated serum protein [291.00 (264.00, 353.00) 275.00 (251.00, 342.50) μmol/L], hemoglobin A1c (7.39 ± 1.18 7.12 ± 1.33%), body mass index (25.32 ± 2.99 24.83 ± 2.95 kg/m), systolic blood pressure (129.05 ± 17.51 123.43 ± 14.82 mmHg), and urinary creatinine [158.40 (74.75, 219.15) 79.70 (56.25, 138.10) μmmol/kg] levels was noted after 30-day Cana monotherapy ( < 0.05).
GUT MICROBIOME
Treatment with Cana resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, particularly , , and .
ORAL MICROBIOTA
After Cana treatment, a significant increase of and , both of which are known to be closely associated with SCFAs, was observed.
OCULAR SURFACE MICROBIOTA
Post-Cana administration, the ocular surface microbiota exhibited the most distinct changes in structure and composition. Remarkably, the majority of the increased ocular surface microbiota could produce SCFAs within the gut microbiota.
CONCLUSION
Cana effectively improved the dysregulated glucose metabolism in patients with T2DM. This improvement can potentially be attributed to the restoration of balance among the gut, oral, and ocular surface microbial communities.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=56487, identifier ChiCTR2000034878.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Canagliflozin; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Glycated Hemoglobin; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 37867512
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1256292 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Sep 2023The gastrointestinal tract contains a massive microbiota, and targeting the gut could be a potential intervention for sepsis. However, the interaction between sepsis and... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
The gastrointestinal tract contains a massive microbiota, and targeting the gut could be a potential intervention for sepsis. However, the interaction between sepsis and the intestinal microbiota is defined as an "incompletely understood bidirectional relationship".
METHODS
This retrospective observational cohort study investigated the fecal microbiota of sepsis patients admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Central Hospital of Wuhan, China, from May 2019 to January 2020. 14 septic patients were divided into the non-severe group and the severe group according to the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score. Herein, fecal samples were serially collected on admission, the third, fourth, and fifth days, and ICU discharge. The fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and its correlation with clinical parameters was evaluated.
RESULTS
Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were dominant phyla at ICU admission, and fecal biodiversity was not significantly different between the non-severe group (APACHE II < 15) and the severe group (APACHE II > 15). However, the diversity of the gut microbiota was significantly lower at ICU discharge than that at ICU admission with the extension of treatment time. Further significant difference flora analysis (LEfSe) showed that the genera Veillonella and Ruminococcus were the most discriminant biomarkers at ICU admission in non-severe and severe patients, respectively, while Enterococcus was the most discriminant biomarker at ICU discharge in all septic patients. Of note, liver function tests, including ALT, AST, TBIL, and DBIL correlated with the prevalence of various bacterial genera.
CONCLUSIONS
The diversity of the gut microbiota in patients with sepsis decreases dramatically during ICU stay, and there are distinct dynamic changes in gut microbiota among patients with different severity in sepsis.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Retrospective Studies; Microbiota; Sepsis
PubMed: 37723420
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08608-y -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023Limited data exist on longitudinal changes in the sputum bacterial microbiome during treatment in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) patients. We...
Limited data exist on longitudinal changes in the sputum bacterial microbiome during treatment in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) patients. We prospectively collected serial sputum samples from 14 NTM-PD patients during treatment, at the start (n = 14) and at 1 (n = 10), 3 (n = 10), 6 (n = 12), and 12 (n = 7) months. The bacterial microbiome changes were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequences (V3-V4 regions). Subgroup analysis included culture conversion (n = 9) and treatment refractory (n = 5) groups. In all patients, sputum alpha-diversity (ACE, Chao1, and Jackknife) significantly decreased during antibiotic treatment at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months compared to treatment initiation levels. Within the culture conversion group, genus/species-level beta-diversity showed differences at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months compared to treatment initiation (all p < 0.05). However, in the refractory group, there were no differences in beta-diversity at the genus/species levels in the sputum at any time point. In the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect sizes (LEfSe) analysis, the culture conversion group exhibited decreasing taxa at various levels (phylum/genus/species), but no significant increase in taxa was observed. LEfSe analysis of the refractory patient group revealed multiple taxa decreased during treatment. However, proportions of Veillonella dispar (LDA = 4.78), Fusobacterium periodonticum (LDA = 4.35), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (LDA = 2.92) increased as the treatment period progressed in the refractory group. Sputum microbiota diversity decreases during NTM-PD treatment. In the culture conversion group, most taxa decrease, while some increase in the refractory group. These findings suggest that a distinct respiratory microbial community may exist in refractory NTM-PD patients compared to responsive antibiotic-treated patients.
Topics: Humans; Sputum; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Microbiota; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Lung Diseases
PubMed: 37957253
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47230-5 -
Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung Aug 2023The oral microbiota is closely associated with systemic health, but few studies have investigated the oral microbiota in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)....
PURPOSE
The oral microbiota is closely associated with systemic health, but few studies have investigated the oral microbiota in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study aimed to identify the variation of oral microbiota among patients with severe OSA, and the change of oral microbiota after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
METHODS
Participants were enrolled in the study from November 2020 to August 2021. Sleep parameters using full nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) were collected on healthy controls, patients with severe OSA, and patients with severe OSA after CPAP treatment for 3 months. Oral samples were also collected by rubbing disposable medical sterile swabs on the buccal mucosa. Routine blood tests and biochemical indicators were measured using the fully automated biochemical analyzer. Oral microbial composition of oral samples were determined using whole-genome metagenomic analysis in all participants. Correlations were analyzed between the oral microbiota and blood lipids.
RESULTS
Study enrollment included 14 participants, 7 healthy controls and 7 patients with severe OSA. At the species level, the relative abundances of Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Veillonella_tobetsuensis, Candidatus saccharimonas, and Leptotrichia in the groups with severe OSA were significantly lower than those in the healthy controls (P both < 0.05). The abundances of Capnocytophaga, Veillonella, Bacillus_anthracis, Eikenella, and Kingella were significantly higher whereas the abundances of Gordonia and Streptococcus were significantly lower in the group with severe OSA compared to the severe OSA-CPAP group (P < 0.05 for both). According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), 4 pathways changed in the group with severe OSA compared with healthy controls (P both < 0.05). Pathways related to Novobiocin biosynthesis, 2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, and Histidine metabolism were enriched in the patients with severe OSA. Nine pathways showed significant differences with regard to the relative abundances of phenylalanine metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; one carbon pool by folate; monobactam biosynthesis; 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism; arginine biosynthesis and vitamin B6 metabolism; novobiocin biosynthesis; and arginine and proline metabolism, which were significantly higher in the group with severe OSA compared to the severe OSA-CPAP group (P both < 0.05). The Spearman correlation analysis between blood lipid parameters and oral microbiota components showed that negative correlations were observed between total cholesterol and Streptomyces (r = - 0.893, P = 0.007), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and Gordonia (r = - 0.821, P = 0.023); positive correlations were observed between HDL-C and Candidatus saccharimonas (r = 0.929, P = 0.003), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and Capnocytophaga (r = 0.893, P = 0.007).
CONCLUSION
There was an apparent discrepancy of the oral microbiota and metabolic pathways between the group with severe OSA and controls, and CPAP significantly changed oral microbial abundance and metabolic pathways in patients with severe OSA. Correlation analysis showed that these oral bacteria were strongly correlated with the blood lipids level.
Topics: Humans; Novobiocin; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Cholesterol, LDL; Lipids; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Microbiota
PubMed: 36401059
DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02732-w -
Nutrients Nov 2023(1) Background: studies have shown that some patients experience mental deterioration after bariatric surgery. (2) Methods: We examined whether the use of probiotics and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Analysis of the Efficacy of Diet and Short-Term Probiotic Intervention on Depressive Symptoms in Patients after Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Pilot Study.
(1) Background: studies have shown that some patients experience mental deterioration after bariatric surgery. (2) Methods: We examined whether the use of probiotics and improved eating habits can improve the mental health of people who suffered from mood disorders after bariatric surgery. We also analyzed patients' mental states, eating habits and microbiota. (3) Results: Depressive symptoms were observed in 45% of 200 bariatric patients. After 5 weeks, we noted an improvement in patients' mental functioning (reduction in BDI and HRSD), but it was not related to the probiotic used. The consumption of vegetables and whole grain cereals increased (DQI-I adequacy), the consumption of simple sugars and SFA decreased (moderation DQI-I), and the consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids increased it. In the feces of patients after RYGB, there was a significantly higher abundance of two members of the Muribaculaceae family, namely Veillonella and Roseburia, while those after SG had more Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Subdoligranulum, Oscillibacter, and UCG-005. (4) Conclusions: the noted differences in the composition of the gut microbiota (RYGB vs. SG) may be one of the determinants of the proper functioning of the gut-brain microbiota axis, although there is currently a need for further research into this topic using a larger group of patients and different probiotic doses.
Topics: Humans; Gastric Bypass; Depression; Pilot Projects; Bariatric Surgery; Diet; Probiotics; Obesity, Morbid
PubMed: 38068763
DOI: 10.3390/nu15234905