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Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences Mar 2024Vibrio species are common inhabitants of aquatic environments and have been described in connection with fish and human diseases. Six Vibrio species were isolated from...
Vibrio species are common inhabitants of aquatic environments and have been described in connection with fish and human diseases. Six Vibrio species were isolated from diseased freshwater and ornamental fish in Poland. The strains were identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) as V. albensis (n=3) from Gymnocephalus cernua, Sander lucioperca, Paracheirodon innesi, and Xiphophorus hellerii; V. mimicus (n=1) from Xiphophorus maculatus; and V. vulnificus (n=1) from Nematobrycon palmeri. This is the first time that Vibrio species have been isolated and described from ornamental fish in Poland. The isolates were resistant to ampicillin (83.3%), gentamicin (16.6%), ciprofloxacin (16.6%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (16.6%), and chloramphenicol (16.6%). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was 0.00-0.08 for V. albensis, 0.17 for V. mimicus, and 0.33 for V. vulnificus. Our study confirmed the presence of potentially pathogenic Vibrio species in freshwater and ornamental fish. Therefore, further monitoring of the presence of Vibrio species, mainly in ornamental fish, is necessary.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Poland; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio; Fishes; Fresh Water
PubMed: 38511636
DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149341 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Jun 2024Infection with Vibrio mimicus in the Siluriformes has demonstrated a rapid and high infectivity and mortality rate, distinct from other hosts. Our earlier investigations...
Infection with Vibrio mimicus in the Siluriformes has demonstrated a rapid and high infectivity and mortality rate, distinct from other hosts. Our earlier investigations identified necrosis, an inflammatory storm, and tissue remodeling as crucial pathological responses in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) infected with V. mimicus. The objective of this study was to further elucidate the impact linking these pathological responses within the host during V. mimicus infection. Employing metabolomics and transcriptomics, we uncovered infection-induced dense vacuolization of perimysium; Several genes related to nucleosidase and peptidase activities were significantly upregulated in the skin and muscles of infected fish. Concurrently, the translation processes of host cells were impaired. Further investigation revealed that V. mimicus completes its infection process by enhancing its metabolism, including the utilization of oligopeptides and nucleotides. The high susceptibility of yellow catfish to V. mimicus infection was associated with the composition of its body surface, which provided a microenvironment rich in various nucleotides such as dIMP, dAMP, deoxyguanosine, and ADP, in addition to several amino acids and peptides. Some of these metabolites significantly boost V. mimicus growth and motility, thus influencing its biological functions. Furthermore, we uncovered an elevated expression of gangliosides on the surface of yellow catfish, aiding V. mimicus adhesion and increasing its infection risk. Notably, we observed that the skin and muscles of yellow catfish were deficient in over 25 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as Eicosapentaenoic acid, 12-oxo-ETE, and 13-Oxo-ODE. These substances play a role in anti-inflammatory mechanisms, possibly contributing to the immune dysregulation observed in yellow catfish. In summary, our study reveals a host immune deviation phenomenon that promotes bacterial colonization by increasing nutrient supply. It underscores the crucial factors rendering yellow catfish highly susceptible to V. mimicus, indicating that host nutritional sources not only enable the establishment and maintenance of infection within the host but also aid bacterial survival under immune pressure, ultimately completing its lifecycle.
PubMed: 38885802
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109707 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Nov 2023A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile, curved-rod-shaped flagellated bacterium, designated DSL-7, was isolated from the intestine of in the Yangtze...
A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile, curved-rod-shaped flagellated bacterium, designated DSL-7, was isolated from the intestine of in the Yangtze river, PR China. The strain grew optimally in tryptone soy broth medium at 37 °C, pH 7.0 and with 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain DSL-7 showed less than 96.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to type strains of the genus . Phylogenetic analysis based on genomes indicated that strain DSL-7 belonged to the genus and formed a subclade with NCTC 11435, OP3H, ATCC 14035, ATCC14547, OP3HEDC-792 and 2521-89. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between DSL-7 and closely related type strains were below the accepted threshold to delineate a new species of 95 and 70 %, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C 7 and/or C 6), C, summed feature 8 (C 7 and/or C 6) and C. The genomic DNA G+C content was 47.6 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic data, strain DSL-7 represents a novel species of the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed, with strain DSL-7 (=KCTC 92851=CCTCC AB 2022396) as the type strain.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; DNA, Bacterial; Base Composition; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Vibrio; Intestines
PubMed: 37991223
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006117 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Oct 2023Vibrio mimicus caused a seafood-associated outbreak in Florida, USA, in which 4 of 6 case-patients were hospitalized; 1 required intensive care for severe diarrhea....
Vibrio mimicus caused a seafood-associated outbreak in Florida, USA, in which 4 of 6 case-patients were hospitalized; 1 required intensive care for severe diarrhea. Strains were ctx-negative but carried genes for other virulence determinants (hemolysin, proteases, and types I-IV and VI secretion systems). Cholera toxin-negative bacterial strains can cause cholera-like disease.
Topics: Humans; Cholera; Florida; Vibrio mimicus; Disease Outbreaks; Seafood
PubMed: 37735754
DOI: 10.3201/eid2910.230486 -
BMC Microbiology Oct 2023Virulence determinants are crucial to the risk assessment of pathogens in an environment. This study investigated the presence of eleven key virulence-associated genes...
Occurrence of virulence determinants in vibrio cholerae, vibrio mimicus, vibrio alginolyticus, and vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from important water resources of Eastern Cape, South Africa.
BACKGROUND
Virulence determinants are crucial to the risk assessment of pathogens in an environment. This study investigated the presence of eleven key virulence-associated genes in Vibrio cholerae (n = 111) and Vibrio mimicus (n = 22) and eight virulence determinants in Vibrio alginolyticus (n = 65) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n = 17) isolated from six important water resources in Eastern Cape, South Africa, using PCR techniques. The multiple virulence gene indexes (MVGI) for sampling sites and isolates as well as hotspots for potential vibriosis outbreaks among sampling sites were determined statistically based on the comparison of MVGI.
RESULT
The PCR assay showed that all the V. cholerae isolates belong to non-O1/non-O139 serogroups. Of the isolates, Vibrio Cholera (84%), V. mimicus (73%), V. alginolyticus (91%) and V. parahaemolyticus (100%) isolates harboured at least one of the virulence-associated genes investigated. The virulence gene combinations detected in isolates varied at sampling site and across sites. Typical virulence-associated determinants of V. cholerae were detected in V. mimicus while that of V. parahaemolyticus were detected in V. alginolyticus. The isolates with the highest MVGI were recovered from three estuaries (Sunday river, Swartkopps river, buffalo river) and a freshwater resource (Lashinton river). The cumulative MVGI for V. cholerae, V. mimicus, V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus isolates were 0.34, 0.20, 0.45, and 0.40 respectively. The targeted Vibrio spp. in increasing order of the public health risk posed in our study areas based on the MVGI is V. alginolyticus > V. parahaemolyticus > V. cholerae > V. mimicus. Five (sites SR, PA5, PA6, EL4 and EL6) out of the seventeen sampling sites were detected as the hotspots for potential cholera-like infection and vibriosis outbreaks.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that humans having contact with water resources in our study areas are exposed to potential public health risks owing to the detection of virulent determinants in human pathogenic Vibrio spp. recovered from the water resources. The study affirms the relevancy of environmental Vibrio species to the epidemiology of vibriosis, cholera and cholera-like infections. Hence we suggest a monitoring program for human pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the environment most especially surface water that humans have contact with regularly.
Topics: Humans; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio mimicus; Cholera; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio alginolyticus; Virulence; South Africa; Water Resources; Vibrio; Virulence Factors; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 37891478
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03060-z -
The Science of the Total Environment Jul 2023Vibrio species are waterborne ubiquitous organisms capable of causing diseases in humans and animals and the occurrence of infections caused by pathogenic Vibrio species... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vibrio species are waterborne ubiquitous organisms capable of causing diseases in humans and animals and the occurrence of infections caused by pathogenic Vibrio species among humans have increased globally. This reemergence is attributed to environmental impacts such as global warming and pollution. Africa is most vulnerable to waterborne infections caused by these pathogens because of lack of good water stewardship and management. This study was carried out to provide an in-depth inquiry into the occurrence of pathogenic Vibrio species in water sources and wastewater across Africa. In this regard, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching five databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Springer Search and African Journals Online (AJOL). The search yielded 70 articles on pathogenic Vibrio species presence in African aquatic environments that fit our inclusion criteria. Based on the random effects model, the pooled prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio species in various water sources in Africa was 37.6 % (95 % CI: 27.7-48.0). Eighteen countries were represented by the systematically assessed studies and their nationwide prevalence in descending order was: Nigeria (79.82 %), Egypt (47.5 %), Tanzania (45.8 %), Morocco (44.8), South Africa (40.6 %), Uganda (32.1 %), Cameroon (24.5 %), Burkina Faso (18.9 %) and Ghana (5.9 %). Furthermore, 8 pathogenic Vibrio species were identified across water bodies in Africa with the highest detection for V. cholerae (59.5 %), followed by V. parahaemolyticus (10.4 %), V.alginolyticus (9.8 %), V. vulnificus (8.5 %), V. fluvialis (6.6 %), V. mimicus (4.6 %), V. harveyi (0.5 %) and V. metschnikovii (0.1 %). Evidently, pathogenic Vibrio species occurrence in these water sources especially freshwater corroborates the continuous outbreaks observed in Africa. Therefore, there is an urgent need for proactive measures and continuous monitoring of water sources used for various purposes across Africa and proper treatment of wastewater before discharge into water bodies.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Wastewater; Water; Vibrio; Vibrio cholerae; Burkina Faso
PubMed: 37028683
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163332 -
PloS One 2023The current study determines the density of Vibrio spp. and isolates V. cholerae and Vibrio mimicus from fish-anatomical-sites, prawn, crab and mussel samples recovered...
Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes profiling of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus isolates from some seafood collected at the aquatic environment and wet markets in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.
The current study determines the density of Vibrio spp. and isolates V. cholerae and Vibrio mimicus from fish-anatomical-sites, prawn, crab and mussel samples recovered from fish markets, freshwater and brackish water. Virulence and antibiotic resistance profiling of isolates were carried out using standard molecular and microbiology techniques. Vibrio spp. was detected in more than 90% of samples [134/144] and its density was significantly more in fish than in other samples. Vibrio. cholerae and V. mimicus were isolated in at least one sample of each sample type with higher isolation frequency in fish samples. All the V. cholerae isolates belong to non-O1/non-O139 serogroup. One or more V. cholerae isolates exhibited intermediate or resistance against each of the eighteen panels of antibiotics used but 100% of the V. mimicus were susceptible to amikacin, gentamycin and chloramphenicol. Vibrio cholerae exhibited relatively high resistance against polymyxin, ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate while V. mimicus isolates exhibited relatively high resistance against nitrofurantoin, ampicillin and polymixin. The multiple-antibiotic-resistance-index [MARI] for isolates ranges between 0 and 0.67 and 48% of the isolates have MARI that is >0.2 while 55% of the isolates exhibit MultiDrug Resistance Phenotypes. The percentage detection of acc, ant, drf18, sul1, mcr-1, blasvh, blaoxa, blatem, blaoxa48, gyrA, gyrB and parC resistance-associated genes were 2%, 9%, 14%, 7%, 2%, 25%, 7%, 2%, 2%, 32%, 25% and 27% respectively while that for virulence-associated genes in increasing other was ace [2%], tcp [11%], vpi [16%], ompU [34%], toxR [43%], rtxC [70%], rtxA [73%] and hyla [77%]. The study confirmed the potential of environmental non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae and V. mimicus to cause cholera-like infection and other vibriosis which could be difficult to manage with commonly recommended antibiotics. Thus, regular monitoring of the environment to create necessary awareness for this kind of pathogens is important in the interest of public health.
Topics: Animals; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio mimicus; South Africa; Virulence; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ampicillin; Polymyxins; Drug Resistance, Microbial
PubMed: 37616193
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290356 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Sep 2023Vibrio mimicus (V. mimicus) is known to cause severe bacterial diseases with high mortality rates in fish, resulting in significant economic losses in the global...
Vibrio mimicus (V. mimicus) is known to cause severe bacterial diseases with high mortality rates in fish, resulting in significant economic losses in the global aquaculture industry. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a safe and effective vaccine for protecting Carassius auratus (C. auratus) against V. mimicus infection. Recombinant Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) strains, Lc-pPG-612-OmpU and Lc-pPG-612-OmpU-CTB (surface-displayed), were constructed using a L. casei strain (ATCC 393) as an antigen delivery carrier and the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as an adjuvant. The two recombinant strains of L. casei were administered to C. auratus via oral immunization, and the protective efficacy of the oral vaccines was assessed. The results demonstrated that oral immunization with the two strains significantly increased the levels of nonspecific immune indicators in C. auratus, including alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LYS), acid phosphatase (ACP), complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4), lectin, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Moreover, the experiment groups exhibited significant increases in specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against OmpU, as well as the transcription of immune-related genes (ie., IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β), when compared to the control groups. Following infection of C. auratus with V. mimicus, the mortality rate of the recombinant L. casei-treated fish was observed to be lower compared to the control group. This finding suggests that recombinant L. casei demonstrates effective protection against V. mimicus infection in C. auratus. Furthermore, the addition of the immune adjuvant CTB was found to induce a more robust adaptive and innate immune response in C. auratus, resulting in reduced mortality after infection with V. mimicus.
Topics: Animals; Goldfish; Vibrio mimicus; Carps; Bacterial Vaccines; Vibrio Infections; Lacticaseibacillus casei
PubMed: 37481101
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108973 -
Cureus Aug 2023Malaria is referred to as a "rainy season disease" and is brought on by species. , a spirochete, cause zoonosis leptospirosis. It is pretty uncommon for both diseases...
Malaria is referred to as a "rainy season disease" and is brought on by species. , a spirochete, cause zoonosis leptospirosis. It is pretty uncommon for both diseases to coinfect one another. Before assuming a fever is caused by a vector-borne disease, it is essential to first rule out other possible causes, regardless of the patient's risk factors. This case report demonstrates an unusual coinfection and how it manifests. The patient can avoid many deadly consequences with early detection and prompt treatment. There have been reports of coinfections between malaria and various infectious diseases, including dengue, hantavirus, and filariasis. Recently, a few case reports of coinfection with leptospirosis and malaria have also been published. Leptospirosis and malaria are both spreadable diseases that are prevalent throughout the world, particularly in the tropics. We discuss a case of coinfection with meningoencephalitis, leptospirosis, and malaria in a young male who required intensive care unit (ICU) care. It is difficult to distinguish between single infections and coinfections due to the wide variability in presentation, which may further confound the clinical features. Furthermore, when a coinfection is present but has not yet been identified, the clinical course may worsen because there is no effective treatment. This case report demonstrates the uncommon coinfection appearance and related symptoms. The case study also examined the management of patients with leptospirosis, meningoencephalitis, and life-threatening malaria coinfections as well as the clinical course of such coinfections. A meningeal infection or inflammation that resembles both meningitis and encephalitis is referred to as meningoencephalitis.
PubMed: 37746455
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43879 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Aug 2023Type II secretion systems (T2SS) are important molecular machines used by bacteria to transport a wide range of proteins across the outer membrane from the periplasm....
Type II secretion systems (T2SS) are important molecular machines used by bacteria to transport a wide range of proteins across the outer membrane from the periplasm. Vibrio mimicus is an epidemic pathogen threats to both aquatic animals and human health. Our previous study demonstrates that T2SS deletion reduced virulence by 307.26 times in yellow catfish. However, the specific effects of T2SS-mediated extracellular protein secretion in V. mimicus, including its potential role in exotoxin secretion or other mechanisms, require further investigation. Through proteomics and phenotypic analyses, this study observed that the ΔT2SS strain exhibited significant self-aggregation and dynamic deficiency, with a notable negative correlation with subsequent biofilm formation. The proteomics analysis revealed 239 different abundances of extracellular proteins after T2SS deletion, including 19 proteins with higher abundance and 220 proteins with lower and even absent in the ΔT2SS strain. These extracellular proteins are involved in various pathways, such as metabolism, virulence factors expression, and enzymes. Among them, purine, pyruvate, and pyrimidine metabolism, and the Citrate cycle, were the primary pathways affected by T2SS. Our phenotypic analysis is consistent with these findings, suggesting that the decreased virulence of ΔT2SS strains is due to the effect of T2SS on these proteins, which negatively impacts growth, biofilm formation, auto-aggregation, and motility of V. mimicus. These results provide valuable insights for designing deletion targets for attenuated vaccines development against V. mimicus and expand our understanding of the biological functions of T2SS.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Type II Secretion Systems; Vaccines, Attenuated; Bacterial Proteins; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 37380063
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106215