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Marine Pollution Bulletin Sep 2023Waterborne pathogenic bacteria, including faecal indicator bacteria and potentially pathogenic Vibrio, are a global concern for diseases transmitted through water. A... (Review)
Review
Waterborne pathogenic bacteria, including faecal indicator bacteria and potentially pathogenic Vibrio, are a global concern for diseases transmitted through water. A systematic review was conducted to analyse publications that investigated these bacteria in relation to macrophytes (seagrasses and macroalgae) in coastal marine environments. The highest quantities of FIB were found on brown algae and seagrasses, and the highest quantities of Vibrio bacteria were on red algae. The most extensively studied macrophyte group was brown algae, green algae were the least researched. Macrophyte wrack was found to favor the presence of FIB, but there is a lack of information about Vibrio quantities in this environment. To understand the role of Vibrio bacteria that are pathogenic to humans, molecular methods complementary to cultivation methods should be used. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of FIB and potentially pathogenic Vibrio with macrophytes and their microbiome in the coastal marine environment.
Topics: Humans; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Environment; Ecosystem
PubMed: 37523954
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115325 -
Access Microbiology 2023The stressosome is a protein complex that senses environmental stresses and mediates the stress response in several Gram-positive bacteria through the activation of the...
The stressosome is a protein complex that senses environmental stresses and mediates the stress response in several Gram-positive bacteria through the activation of the alternative sigma factor SigB. The stressosome locus is found in 44 % of Gram-negative isolates. However, does not possess SigB. Nonetheless, in nutrient-limited media, the stressosome modulates gene transcription and bacterial behaviour. In this work, the expression of the stressosome genes was proven during stationary phase in nutrient-rich media and co-transcription as one operonic unit of the stressosome locus and its putative downstream regulatory locus was demonstrated. The construction of a stressosome mutant lacking the genes encoding the four proteins constituting the stressosome complex (VvRsbR, VvRsbS, VvRsbT, VvRsbX) allowed us to examine the role of this complex . Extensive phenotypic characterization of the ΔRSTX mutant in nutrient-rich media showed that the stressosome does not contribute to growth of . Moreover, the stressosome did not modulate the tolerance or survival response of to the range of stresses tested, which included ethanol, hyperosmolarity, hypoxia, high temperature, acidity and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the stressosome was dispensable for motility and exoenzyme production of in nutrient-rich media. Therefore, in conclusion, although stressosome gene transcription occurs in nutrient-rich media, the stressosome neither has an essential role in stress responses of nor does it seem to modulate these activities in these conditions. We hypothesise that the stressosome is expressed in nutrient-rich conditions as a sensor complex, but that activation of the complex does not occur in this environment.
PubMed: 37601438
DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000523.v4 -
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences Mar 2024Vibrio species are common inhabitants of aquatic environments and have been described in connection with fish and human diseases. Six Vibrio species were isolated from...
Vibrio species are common inhabitants of aquatic environments and have been described in connection with fish and human diseases. Six Vibrio species were isolated from diseased freshwater and ornamental fish in Poland. The strains were identified based on morphological and biochemical characteristics and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) as V. albensis (n=3) from Gymnocephalus cernua, Sander lucioperca, Paracheirodon innesi, and Xiphophorus hellerii; V. mimicus (n=1) from Xiphophorus maculatus; and V. vulnificus (n=1) from Nematobrycon palmeri. This is the first time that Vibrio species have been isolated and described from ornamental fish in Poland. The isolates were resistant to ampicillin (83.3%), gentamicin (16.6%), ciprofloxacin (16.6%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (16.6%), and chloramphenicol (16.6%). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was 0.00-0.08 for V. albensis, 0.17 for V. mimicus, and 0.33 for V. vulnificus. Our study confirmed the presence of potentially pathogenic Vibrio species in freshwater and ornamental fish. Therefore, further monitoring of the presence of Vibrio species, mainly in ornamental fish, is necessary.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Poland; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio; Fishes; Fresh Water
PubMed: 38511636
DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149341 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023To evaluate the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in () infection.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in () infection.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of patients with infection at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 1, 2020 to April 23, 2023 was conducted. 14 enrolled patients were diagnosed by culture or mNGS. The corresponding medical records were reviewed, and the clinical data analyzed included demographics, epidemiology laboratory findings, physical examination, symptoms at presentation, antibiotic and surgical treatment, and outcome.
RESULTS
In this study, 78.6% (11/14) patients had a history of marine trauma (including fish stab, shrimp stab, crab splints and fish hook wounds), 7.1% (1/14) had eaten seafood, and the remaining 14.3% (2/14) had no definite cause. Isolation of from clinical samples including blood, tissue, fester and secreta. 9 cases were positive for culture, 5 cases were detected synchronously by mNGS and got positive for . 85.7% (12/14) cases accepted surgical treatment, with 1 patient suffering finger amputated. 14 enrolled patients received appropriate antibiotic therapy, and all of them had recovered and discharged. 9 strains isolated in this study were sensitive to most beta-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, quinolones, etc.
CONCLUSION
infection is a common water-exposed disease in Zhuhai, which requires identification of a number of pathogens. Of severe infections with unknown pathogen, mNGS can be used simultaneously, and the potential to detect multiple pathogens is of great help in guiding treatment.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
PubMed: 38035326
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1210919 -
The Journal of Medical Investigation :... 2024Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is a halophilic gram-negative bacterium that inhabits coastal warm water and induce severe diseases such as primary septicemia. To...
Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is a halophilic gram-negative bacterium that inhabits coastal warm water and induce severe diseases such as primary septicemia. To investigate the mechanisms of rapid bacterial translocation on intestinal infection, we focused on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are extracellular vesicles produced by Gram-negative bacteria and deliver virulence factors. However, there are very few studies on the pathogenicity or contents of V. vulnificus OMVs (Vv-OMVs). In this study, we investigated the effects of Vv-OMVs on host cells. Epithelial cells INT407 were stimulated with purified OMVs and morphological alterations and levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were observed. In cells treated with OMVs, cell detachment without LDH release was observed, which exhibited different characteristics from cytotoxic cell detachment observed in V. vulnificus infection. Interestingly, OMVs from a Vibrio Vulnificus Hemolysin (VVH) and Multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in -toxin (MARTX) double-deletion mutant strain also caused cell detachment without LDH release. Our results suggested that the proteolytic function of a serine protease contained in Vv-OMVs may contribute to pathogenicity of V. vulnificus by assisting bacterial translocation. This study reveals a new pathogenic mechanism during V. vulnificus infections. J. Med. Invest. 71 : 102-112, February, 2024.
Topics: Vibrio vulnificus; Humans; Extracellular Vesicles; Hemolysin Proteins; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Bacterial Outer Membrane; Epithelial Cells
PubMed: 38735705
DOI: 10.2152/jmi.71.102 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jul 2024Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus are bacteria with a significant public health impact. Identifying factors impacting their presence and concentrations in...
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus are bacteria with a significant public health impact. Identifying factors impacting their presence and concentrations in food sources could enable the identification of significant risk factors and prevent incidences of foodborne illness. In recent years, machine learning has shown promise in modeling microbial presence based on prevalent external and internal variables, such as environmental variables and gene presence/absence, respectively, particularly with the generation and availability of large amounts and diverse sources of data. Such analyses can prove useful in predicting microbial behavior in food systems, particularly under the influence of the constant changes in environmental variables. In this study, we tested the efficacy of six machine learning regression models (random forest, support vector machine, elastic net, neural network, k-nearest neighbors, and extreme gradient boosting) in predicting the relationship between environmental variables and total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus concentrations in seawater and oysters. In general, environmental variables were found to be reliable predictors of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus concentrations in seawater, and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in oysters (Acceptable Prediction Zone >70 %) when analyzed using our machine learning models. SHapley Additive exPlanations, which was used to identify variables influencing Vibrio concentrations, identified chlorophyll a content, seawater salinity, seawater temperature, and turbidity as influential variables. It is important to note that different strains were differentially impacted by the same environmental variable, indicating the need for further research to study the causes and potential mechanisms of these variations. In conclusion, environmental variables could be important predictors of Vibrio growth and behavior in seafood. Moreover, the models developed in this study could prove invaluable in assessing and managing the risks associated with V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, particularly in the face of a changing environment.
Topics: Ostreidae; Machine Learning; Seawater; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Animals; Vibrio vulnificus; Food Microbiology; Food Contamination; Shellfish; Seafood; Temperature; Vibrio
PubMed: 38823834
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114464 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Jul 2023V. vulnificus is one of the deadliest waterborne pathogens, yet little is known of the ecological and environmental forces that drive outbreaks. As a nationally...
V. vulnificus is one of the deadliest waterborne pathogens, yet little is known of the ecological and environmental forces that drive outbreaks. As a nationally notifiable disease, all cases of V. vulnificus diagnosed in the United States are reported to the state in which they occurred, as well as to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia. Given that the state of Florida is a 'hotspot' for V. vulnificus in the United States, we examined the prevalence and incidence of cases reported to the Florida Department of Health (2008-2020). Using a dataset comprised of 448 cases of disease caused by V. vulnificus infection, we identified meteorological variables that were associated with clinical cases and deaths. Combined with data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), we first utilized correlation analysis to examine the linear relationships between satellite meteorological measurements such as wind speed, air temperature, water temperature, and sea-level pressure. We then measured the correlation of those meteorological variables with coastal cases of V. vulnificus, including the outcome, survival, or death. We also constructed a series of logistic regression models to analyze the relationship between temporal and meteorological variables during months that V. vulnificus cases were reported versus months when V. vulnificus cases were not reported. We report that between 2008 and 2020, V. vulnificus cases generally increased over time, peaking in 2017. As water temperature and air temperature increased, so too did the likelihood that infection with V. vulnificus would lead to patient death. We also found that as mean wind speed and sea-level pressure decreased, the probability that a V. vulnificus case would be reported increased. In summary, we discuss the potential factors that may contribute to the observed correlations and speculate that meteorological variables may increase in their public health relevance in light of rising global temperatures.
Topics: Humans; Air Pressure; Temperature; United States; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus; Wind; Tropical Climate; Weather; Florida
PubMed: 37410780
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011461 -
Surgical Infections May 2024infections develop rapidly and have high mortality and disability rates. can cause local wound infection, gastroenteritis, or septicemia. In this case, an 86-year-old...
infections develop rapidly and have high mortality and disability rates. can cause local wound infection, gastroenteritis, or septicemia. In this case, an 86-year-old male was accidentally stabbed in the middle of his right thumb while cleaning whitewater fish and came to the emergency department with high fever and painful swelling of the right hand. Physical examination revealed hemorrhagic bullae in the right hand. Emergency surgery and bacterial culture were performed. Because of timely antibiotic use and surgical treatment, the patient eventually recovered and was discharged from the hospital. This case suggests that the possibility of should be considered in cases of severe infection of the extremities, even without a history of seafood consumption or seawater exposure. Early recognition, rational choice of antibiotic agents, and timely wound debridement can substantially improve the prognosis of patients and reduce mortality.
Topics: Humans; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Male; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio Infections; Aged, 80 and over; Sepsis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fingers; Debridement
PubMed: 38608243
DOI: 10.1089/sur.2023.284 -
Journal of AOAC International Sep 2023The Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus PCR Assay method is a real-time PCR method for the multiplex...
Validation of the Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus PCR Assay for the Detection of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus in Seafood Matrixes: AOAC Performance Tested MethodsSM 022301.
BACKGROUND
The Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus PCR Assay method is a real-time PCR method for the multiplex detection of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus in seafood.
OBJECTIVE
The Thermo Scientific SureTect Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus Assay was evaluated for AOAC Performance Tested MethodsSM certification.
METHOD
Inclusivity/exclusivity, matrix, product consistency/stability, and robustness studies were conducted to assess the method's performance. For the matrix study, the method was validated using the Applied Biosystems™ QuantStudio™ 5 Real-Time PCR Food Safety Instrument and the Applied Biosystems™ 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR Food Safety Instrument against the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual, Chapter 9 (2004), Vibrio and ISO 21872-1:2017 Microbiology of the food chain-Horizontal method for the determination of Vibrio spp.-Part 1: Detection of potentially enteropathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio vulnificus reference methods.
RESULTS
Matrix studies showed equivalent or superior performance of the candidate method compared to the reference method and, overall, no difference between presumptive and confirmed results, except for one matrix due to high background flora. The inclusivity/exclusivity study correctly identified/excluded all strains analyzed. Robustness testing showed no statistically significant differences in assay performance under varied test conditions. Product consistency and stability studies demonstrated no statistically significant differences between assay lots with different expiration dates.
CONCLUSIONS
The data presented show that the assay constitutes a rapid and reliable workflow for the detection of V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus in seafood matrixes.
HIGHLIGHTS
The SureTect PCR Assay method allows for fast, reliable detection of stipulated strains in seafood matrixes with results obtained in as little as 80 min post-enrichment.
Topics: Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio cholerae; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Seafood; Food Microbiology
PubMed: 37243669
DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad061 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024is a free-living marine bacterium associated with the contamination of fish and shellfish-the most consumed seafood in Asia. Owing to its potentially lethal clinical...
is a free-living marine bacterium associated with the contamination of fish and shellfish-the most consumed seafood in Asia. Owing to its potentially lethal clinical consequences, the consumption of seafood contaminated with has become a growing public health concern. This systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression aimed to integrate data on the prevalence of seafood-borne specifically in Asia and assess the potential risk factors that can influence the outcomes. A comprehensive literature search of four electronic databases yielded 279 relevant studies, among which 38 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These selected studies were subjected to risk-of-bias assessment and data extraction by three independent researchers. A meta-analysis of the eligible studies estimated the overall prevalence of seafood-borne in Asia to be 10.47% [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.8-15.8%], with bivalve shellfish, such as oysters, mussels, clams, and cockles being the most contaminated seafood. The highest prevalence was reported in Japan, where 47.6% of the seafood samples tested positive for . The subgroup and meta-regression analyses identified three potential covariates-detection method, publication year, and country-associated with between-study heterogeneity. Furthermore, data visualization displayed the variations in prevalence across the studies, associated with differences in sample type, sample size, and sampling stage. This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of in fish and shellfish across the entire Asian continent and highlights the potential factors that cause variation in the prevalence rates among the studies. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing hygiene measures throughout the seafood supply chain to mitigate infection risks and ensure the safety of consumers.
PubMed: 38511007
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1363560