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Heliyon Jul 2023is a rod shape, Gram-negative bacterium that causes sepsis (with a greater than 50% mortality rate), necrotizing fasciitis, gastroenteritis, skin, and soft tissue...
is a rod shape, Gram-negative bacterium that causes sepsis (with a greater than 50% mortality rate), necrotizing fasciitis, gastroenteritis, skin, and soft tissue infection, wound infection, peritonitis, meningitis, pneumonia, keratitis, and arthritis. Based on pathogenicity is categorized into three biotypes. Type 1 and type 3 cause diseases in humans while biotype 2 causes diseases in eel and fish. Due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics has developed resistance to many antibiotics so curing is dramatically a challenge. is resistant to cefazolin, streptomycin, tetracycline, aztreonam, tobramycin, cefepime, and gentamycin. Subtractive genome analysis is the most effective method for drug target identification. The method is based on the subtraction of homologous proteins from both pathogen and host. By this process set of proteins present only in the pathogen and perform essential functions in the pathogen can be identified. The entire proteome of strain ATCC 27562 was reduced step by step to a single protein predicted as the drug target. AlphaFold2 is one of the applications of deep learning algorithms in biomedicine and is correctly considered the game changer in the field of structural biology. Accuracy and speed are the major strength of AlphaFold2. In the PDB database, the crystal structure of the predicted drug target was not present, therefore the Colab notebook was used to predict the 3D structure by the AlphaFold2, and subsequently, the predicted model was validated. Potent inhibitors against the new target were predicted by virtual screening and molecular docking study. The most stable compound ZINC01318774 tightly attaches to the binding pocket of bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase. The time-dependent molecular dynamics simulation revealed compound ZINC01318774 was superior as compared to the standard drug tetracycline in terms of stability. The availability of strain ATCC 27562 has allowed identification of drug target which will provide a base for the discovery of specific therapeutic targets against
PubMed: 37449110
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17650 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Jun 2024
PubMed: 38839495
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.05.177 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023This research comparatively investigates the in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from (pink water lily) leaves against pathogenic bacteria. The experimental...
This research comparatively investigates the in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from (pink water lily) leaves against pathogenic bacteria. The experimental extracts are aqueous, acetonic, and 95% ethanolic extracts; and the pathogenic bacteria being studied include , , , and , which are commonly found in freshwater fish and brackish aquatic animals. The ethanolic extract achieves the highest bacterial inhibitory effects against and . The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the ethanolic extract against and are 10 mg/mL; and 2.5 mg/mL against and . The ethanolic extract is effective against . The high-performance liquid chromatography results show that, in the phenolic acids group, gallic acid is the most dominant (0.600-3.21% /), followed by sinapic acid (0.37-0.83% /). In the flavonoids group, catechin is the most dominant (0.02-1.08% /), followed by rutin (0.002-0.03% /). Essentially, the ethanolic extract can potentially be used as a natural antibiotic agent to treat bacterial infections in fish and aquatic animals.
PubMed: 37896051
DOI: 10.3390/plants12203588 -
JAMA Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; United States; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 37728946
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.17816 -
The Analyst Jul 2023Foodborne pathogens cause numerous food safety problems, and as a virulent bacterium falling under this category, () poses a huge threat to public health. The...
Foodborne pathogens cause numerous food safety problems, and as a virulent bacterium falling under this category, () poses a huge threat to public health. The conventional methods used for the detection of , including culture-based and molecular detection methods, have a variety of drawbacks, including being time-consuming and labor-intensive, the requirement of large-scale equipment, and the lack of professional operators. This paper establishes a visible detection platform for based on CRISPR/Cas12a, which is integrated with nucleic acid isothermal amplification and β-galactosidase-catalyzed visible color reaction. The specific gene and a conservative segment in the 16S rDNA gene of the genus were selected as the detection targets. By using spectrum analysis, this CRISPR detection platform achieved sensitive detection of (1 CFU per reaction) with high specificity. Through the color transformation system, as low as 1 CFU per reaction of in both bacterial solution and artificially contaminated seafood could be visibly observed with the naked eye. Furthermore, the consistency between our assay and the qPCR assay in the detection of spiked seafood was confirmed. In general, this visible detection platform is user-friendly, accurate, portable, and equipment-free, and is expected to provide a powerful supplement in point-of-care testing of and also holds good promise for future application in foodborne pathogen detection.
Topics: Vibrio vulnificus; Bacterial Proteins; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Sensitivity and Specificity; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
PubMed: 37409577
DOI: 10.1039/d3an00714f -
Biomaterials Jul 2023The use of appropriately designed immunotherapeutic bacteria is an appealing approach to tumor therapy because the bacteria specifically target tumor tissue and deliver...
The use of appropriately designed immunotherapeutic bacteria is an appealing approach to tumor therapy because the bacteria specifically target tumor tissue and deliver therapeutic payloads. The present study describes the engineering of an attenuated strain of Salmonella typhimurium deficient in ppGpp biosynthesis (SAM) that could secrete Vibrio vulnificus flagellin B (FlaB) conjugated to human (hIL15/FlaB) and mouse (mIL15/FlaB) interleukin-15 proteins in the presence of L-arabinose (L-ara). These strains, named SAMphIF and SAMpmIF, respectively, secreted fusion proteins that retained bioactivity of both FlaB and IL15. SAMphIF and SAMpmIF inhibited the growth of MC38 and CT26 subcutaneous (sc) tumors in mice and increased mouse survival rate more efficiently than SAM expressing FlaB alone (SAMpFlaB) or IL15 alone (SAMpmIL15 and SAMphIL15), although SAMpmIF had slightly greater antitumor activity than SAMphIF. The mice treated with these bacteria showed enhanced macrophage phenotype shift, from M2-like to M1-like, as well as greater proliferation and activation of CD4 T, CD8 T, NK, and NKT cells in tumor tissues. After tumor eradication by these bacteria, ≥50% of the mice show no evidence of tumor recurrence upon rechallenge with the same tumor cells, indicating that they had acquired long-term immune memory. Treatment of mice of 4T1 and B16F10 highly malignant sc tumors with a combination of these bacteria and an immune checkpoint inhibitor, anti-PD-L1 antibody, significantly suppressed tumor metastasis and increased mouse survival rate. Taken together, these findings suggest that SAM secreting IL15/FlaB is a novel therapeutic candidate for bacterial-mediated cancer immunotherapy and that its antitumor activity is enhanced by combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Interleukin-15; Salmonella typhimurium; Neoplasms; Proteins; Immunotherapy; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 37148758
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122135 -
Food Chemistry Oct 2024Vibrio vulnificus infection caused by contaminated aquatic products and seawater can lead to severe disease and high mortality. The development of a rapid and sensitive...
Vibrio vulnificus infection caused by contaminated aquatic products and seawater can lead to severe disease and high mortality. The development of a rapid and sensitive detection method for Vibrio vulnificus is vital to effectively prevent infection in advance. In this study, CeO@PtRu with high peroxidase activity was used to construct a colorimetric immunoassay for Vibrio vulnificus detection by conjugating polyclonal antibodies via the biotin-streptavidin system. The developed colorimetric biosensor for Vibrio vulnificus demonstrated rapid operability and good sensitivity with a detection range from 10 CFU/mL to 10 CFU/mL, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 193 CFU/mL. Moreover, the colorimetric biosensor showed excellent specificity and good recoveries from 98.70% to 102.10% with RSD < 7.45% for spiked real samples. This novel CeO@PtRu-based colorimetric biosensor has great application potential for the sensitive detection of Vibrio vulnificus in seafood.
Topics: Vibrio vulnificus; Colorimetry; Biosensing Techniques; Seafood; Cerium; Peroxidase; Limit of Detection; Food Contamination; Animals
PubMed: 38805924
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139757 -
Nucleic Acids Research Aug 2023Cell-free protein synthesis assays have become a valuable tool to understand transcriptional and translational processes. Here, we established a fluorescence-based...
Cell-free protein synthesis assays have become a valuable tool to understand transcriptional and translational processes. Here, we established a fluorescence-based coupled in vitro transcription-translation assay as a read-out system to simultaneously quantify mRNA and protein levels. We utilized the well-established quantification of the expression of shifted green fluorescent protein (sGFP) as a read-out of protein levels. In addition, we determined mRNA quantities using a fluorogenic Mango-(IV) RNA aptamer that becomes fluorescent upon binding to the fluorophore thiazole orange (TO). We utilized a Mango-(IV) RNA aptamer system comprising four subsequent Mango-(IV) RNA aptamer elements with improved sensitivity by building Mango arrays. The design of this reporter assay resulted in a sensitive read-out with a high signal-to-noise ratio, allowing us to monitor transcription and translation time courses in cell-free assays with continuous monitoring of fluorescence changes as well as snapshots of the reaction. Furthermore, we applied this dual read-out assay to investigate the function of thiamine-sensing riboswitches thiM and thiC from Escherichia coli and the adenine-sensing riboswitch ASW from Vibrio vulnificus and pbuE from Bacillus subtilis, which represent transcriptional and translational on- and off-riboswitches, respectively. This approach enabled a microplate-based application, a valuable addition to the toolbox for high-throughput screening of riboswitch function.
Topics: Adenine; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Fluorescence; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Riboswitch; Cell-Free System
PubMed: 37409574
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad574 -
Environmental Science & Technology May 2024Climate change-induced stressors are contributing to the emergence of infectious diseases, including those caused by marine bacterial pathogens such as spp. These...
Climate change-induced stressors are contributing to the emergence of infectious diseases, including those caused by marine bacterial pathogens such as spp. These stressors alter temporal and geographical distribution, resulting in increased spread, exposure, and infection rates, thus facilitating greater -human interactions. Concurrently, wildfires are increasing in size, severity, frequency, and spread in the built environment due to climate change, resulting in the emission of contaminants of emerging concern. This study aimed to understand the potential effects of urban interface wildfire ashes on () growth and gene expression using transcriptomic approaches. was exposed to structural and vegetation ashes and analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes using the HTSeq-DESeq2 strategy. Exposure to wildfire ash altered growth and gene expression, depending on the trace metal composition of the ash. The high Fe content of the vegetation ash enhanced bacterial growth, while the high Cu, As, and Cr content of the structural ash suppressed growth. Additionally, the overall pattern of upregulated genes and pathways suggests increased virulence potential due to the selection of metal- and antibiotic-resistant strains. Therefore, mixed fire ashes transported and deposited into coastal zones may lead to the selection of environmental reservoirs of strains with enhanced antibiotic resistance profiles, increasing public health risk.
Topics: Vibrio vulnificus; Wildfires; Gene Expression
PubMed: 38690750
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08658 -
Medicine Jul 2023The diagnostic accuracy of laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (LRINEC) score system in specific Vibrio vulnificus (V vulnificus ) necrotizing fasciitis...
Unreliable diagnostic accuracy of laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (LRINEC) score but good outcome predictor in necrotizing fasciitis due to Vibrio vulnificus : A retrospective and matched-pair study.
The diagnostic accuracy of laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (LRINEC) score system in specific Vibrio vulnificus (V vulnificus ) necrotizing fasciitis (NF) have not been fully investigated yet. This aim of our study is to validate the LRINEC score in patients with V vulnificus NF. A retrospective study of hospitalized patients was conducted in a hospital in southern Taiwan between January 2015 and December 2022. Clinical characteristics, variables and outcomes were compared among V vulnificus NF, non- Vibrio NF and cellulitis patients. A total of 260 patients were included, 40 in V vulnificus NF group, 80 in non- Vibrio NF group and 160 patients in cellulitis group. In V vulnificus NF group with an LRINEC cutoff score ≥ 6, the sensitivity was 35% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29%-41%), specificity was 81% (95% CI: 76%-86%), PPV was 23% (95% CI: 17%-27%), and NPV was 90% (95% CI: 88%-92%). The AUROC for accuracy of the LRINEC score in V vulnificus NF was 0.614 (95% CI: 0.592-0.636). Multi-variable logistic regression analysis revealed that LRINEC > 8 was significantly associated with higher in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.43-2.08; P < .01). The LRINEC score may not be an accurate tool for V vulnificus NF. That should be used with caution as a routine diagnostic tool. However, LRINEC > 8 is significantly associated with higher mortality in V vulnificus NF patients.
Topics: Humans; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Retrospective Studies; Cellulitis; Vibrio vulnificus; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37417615
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034207